Regional Disparities in Pune DivisionIIG_2022.pptx

Regional disparity

1. Regional Disparities in Socio-Economic Development of Pune Administrative Division: A Geographical Analysis Ravindra Hande 1 and Arjun Musmade 2 1 Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Akurdi , Pune. Email: [email protected]. Mob.[phone] Professor, Tikaram Jagannath Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khadki , Pune. Email: [email protected]. Mob. [phone]

2. Development is a multi-dimensional process that involves reorganization and reorientation of the entire economic and social system. It requires a balanced human resource development in the country. Developmental programmes have been taken up in the country in a planned way with the main objective of enhancing the quality of life of people by providing the basic necessities as well as improving their social and economic wellbeing . Although resource transfers are being executed in the backward regions through a number of instruments like subsidies and Central assistance , it has been observed that the regional disparity in terms of economic development is not declining over time. Regional disparities arise due to faster growth of some regions, while other remains behind the former regions and lagging in terms of growth of industries, employment, and other economic activities offering high rate of return . Introduction

3. Socio-economic development is a process of betterment for a large human group and includes both economic development and social transformation . The socio-economic facilities play an important role in the process of development of a region. This improves the social condition of the people of the region . This study is of prime importance for developing countries as every section of the society and economy is influenced by it. It helps in the development of agriculture as it enhances the use of new technology . It helps in the expansion of facilities like education, health, means of communication, electricity and also in capital generation. Knowledge of the level of development at different regional level will help in identifying where a given region stands in relation to others. The study throws light on the relationships of socio-economic development with the developments in agriculture, industry, infrastructural facilities and the literacy status of Five district in the study area.

4. Study Area The study area lies between 15 ° 45’ N to 19° 24’ N latitudes and 73° 19’ E to 76° 15’ E longitudes and comprises 57,235 sq. km. area. There are five districts in Pune Administrative Division, namely, Pune , Satara , Solapur , Sangali and Kolhapur district comprising total 58 tehsils. The study area is surrounded by Karnataka State in the south, Konkan division in the west, Nashik division in the north and the north eastern boundary is surrounded by Aurangabad division. The total population of the region was 19,973,761 in 2001 which have been increased to 2,34,49,049 as per 2011 census. Though the study area selected for the present research is in general , homogeneous in many geographical aspects, there are many underlying diversities as far as population and other socio-economic aspects are considered . Growth and distribution of many such aspects shows uneven distribution causing disparity across the districts which has motivated the researcher to study the regional scenario of disparity among various socio-economic and demographic aspects.

5. The main aim of the present study is to investigates the regional level of disparity and its causes at district level. The following objectives are considered to fulfill th e aim of the study : To study the spatial variation in the level of socio-economic development. To identify the backward districts in terms of social, economic and demographic aspects. To study the underlying causes responsible for the inequality and areal variations in the development. Aim & Objectives

6. The study is based on secondary data collected from various sources and particularly from District Statistical Handbook & District Census Handbooks for the year 2011. Kendall’s ranking co-efficient method has been used to analyze the spatial variation in socio-economic development. The regional disparities are due to the variations in the nature of social, economic and demographic factors. To minimize disparities in development their identification is very essential. Keeping in view the existing socio-economic matrix of the region, 24 indicators are selected and grouped into three categories i.e. social, economic and demographic . These indicators are: Database and Methodology Social Indicators Number of Primary school (X1 ) Number of Senior Secondary School (X2 ) Number of High Secondary school (X3 ) Number of Primary Health Centers (X4) Number of Beds in Primary Health Centers Sub Health Centers ( X5 ) Number of Sub Health Centers ( X6) Number of households having Electricity (X7) No. of Households having tap water from treated source (X8 ) Number of Post Office (X9) Economic Indicators Percentage of Net sown area to gross cropped area (X10) Surface Irrigation (X11) Ground Water Irrigation (X12) Number of Households availing Banking Facility (X13) Number of non-agricultural cooperative credit societies (X14) Number of agricultural cooperative credit societies (X15) Percentage of Total Workers (X16) Percentage of Agricultural labour to total workers (X16) Percentage of Cultivators to total workers (X17) Total Road Length (X18) Demographic Indicators Density of population (X19 ) Sex Ratio (X20 ) Literacy rate as percentage of total population (X21 ) Percentage of Male Literacy (X22 ) Percentage of Female Literacy (X23 ) Gap in Male-Female literacy (X24 )

7. By utilizing these data and indicators, an attempt has been made to examine the socio-economic development of Pune division at district level . Kendall’s ranking co-efficient method has been used to analyze the spatial variation in socio-economic development . For analyzing the development of socio-economic amenities in Pune division, district wise differentiation has been carried out. For this, different type of indicators has been used. These indicators have been ranked according to their total number. Blocks with maximum number of socio-economic amenities have been assigned rank 1 and accordingly the other blocks have been ranked 2, 3, 4 and so on . Accordingly, average of every sectors indicator has been calculated and the district securing maximum average score will fall under low developed category whereas, lowest average score fall under high developed category. The acquired data have been tabulated, analyzed, interpreted in the form of tables and diagrams. Numerical and non-numerical information collected has been analyzed using suitable statistical techniques. The complete indices of all the selected indicators of social, economic and demographic dimension present overall scenario of inter district disparity in the level of development . Kendall’s Rank Order Score Method

8. Results and Discussion Name of the District Number of Primary school (X1) Number of Senior Secondary School (X2) Number of High Secondary school (X3) Number of Primary Health Centers (X4) Number of Beds in PHCs & Sub-Health Centers (X5) Number of Sub Health Centers (X6) Number of households having Electricity (X7) No. of Households having tap water from treated source (X8) Number of Post Office (X9) Pune 5335 1529 56 96 1426 541 19,25,019 5,37,819 780 Kolhapur 2628 698 198 77 2207 424 7,70,005 4,93,333 562 Solapur 4134 Not Available Not Available 77 1785 427 5,95,560 4,03,120 533 Sangli 2184 616 193 59 1257 320 4,85,126 3,45,153 412 Satara 3073 705 169 71 1517 400 5,62,653 3,98,114 666 Ranks According to the No. of Amenities X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 Total Rank Average Rank Pune 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 15 1.666667 Kolhapur 4 3 1 2 1 3 2 2 3 21 2.333333 Solapur 2 5 5 3 2 2 3 3 4 29 3.222222 Sangli 5 4 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 41 4.555556 Satara 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 29 3.222222 Table 1: Ranking of Social Indicators

9. Disparities in the Level of Social Development Social disparities have many causes ranging from historical to present status in health, education and other such amenities. Based on the combined rank score of 09 indicators, the level of social development has been calculated. The pattern of spatial distribution accentuates inter-block disparities in social development in the Region .