14• Eran Ben-Joseph
Notes and References
1. The Oxford English Dictionary,2nd ed.
2. For further discussion, see Raphaël Fischler, “The Standardization of Urban Planning,” dis-
sertation prospectus (University of California, Berkeley, 1991): 2.
3. Frank S. So and Judith Getzels, eds.,The Practice of Local Government Planning,
(Washington D.C.: International City Management Association, 1988): 201.
4. For example, see Federal Housing Administration (FHA),1935 Underwriting Handbook:
Home Mortgages(Washington D.C.: FHA); American Public Health Association (APHA)
Committee on Hygiene of Housing (1948, 1960); APHA and FHA,Planning the
Neighborhood(New York: APHA and FHA, 1935); FHA, “Subdivision Development,”
Circular No. 5 (Washington D.C.: FHA, 1936); FHA, “Planning Neighborhoods for Small
Houses,” Technical Bulletin No. 5 (Washington, D.C.: FHA, 1937); FHA, “Subdivision
Standards Circular,” No. 5 (Washington, D.C.: FHA, May 1; revised August 15, 1938 and
September 1, 1939); FHA, “Planning Profitable Neighborhoods,” Technical Bulletin No. 7
(Washington, D.C.: FHA, 1938a); FHA,“Subdivision Standards,” Circular No. 5 (Washington,
D.C.: FHA, 1939); FHA, “Principles of Planning Small Houses,” Technical Bulletin No. 4
(Washington, D.C.: FHA, updated issues of the 1936 publication; revised June 1, 1946).
5. American Planning Association,Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook(Chicago: American
Planning Association, 2002).
6. For example: C. Field and S. Rivikin,The Building Code Burden(Lexington, Mass.:
Lexington Books, 1975); S. Seidel,Housing Costs and Government Regulations: Confronting
the Regulatory Maze(New Brunswick, N.J.: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers, the
State University of New Jersey, 1978); K. Rosen and L. Katz, “Growth Management and
Land Use Controls: The San Francisco Bay Area Experience,”Journal of Urban and Real
Estate Economics,9, no. 4 (1981): 321
—344; A. Fischel,Do Growth Controls Matter? A Review
of Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Local Government Land Use
Regulation(Cambridge, Mass.: Lincoln Institute for Land Policy, 1990).; M. I. Luger and K.
Temki,Red Tape and Housing Costs: How Regulation Affects New Residential Development
(CUPR Press); and R. Pendall, “Local Land Use Regulation and the Chain of Exclusion,”
Journal of the American Planning Association66, no. 2 (2000): 125
—142.
7. For example: W. L. Wheaton and M. J. Schussheim,The Cost of Municipal Services in
Residential Areas(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce; Urban Land
Institute, 1955); ULI and Real Estate Research Corporation, “The Effect of Large Lot Size
on Residential Development,” Technical Bulletin No. 32 (Washington, D.C.: ULI and Real
Estate Research Corporation, 1958);The Cost of Sprawl: Environment and Economic Costs
of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe(Washington D.C.:
GPO); P. Gordon and H. Richardson, “Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?”
Journal of the American Planning Association, 63, no. 1 (1997): 95
—106; Sierra Club, “The
Dark Side of the American Dream” (retrieved March 5, 2003, from the Sierra Club web site:
www.sierraclub.org/sprawl/report98/); R. Burchell, W. Dolphin, and C. Galley,The Costs
and Benefits of Alternative Growth Patterns: The Impact Assessment of the New Jersey State
Plan(New Brunswick, N.J.: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers, the State University
of New Jersey, 2000).
8. Millennial Housing Commission, “Meeting Our Nation’s Housing Challenges,” Report of
the Bipartisan Millennial Housing Commission Appointed by the Congress of the United
States (Washington D.C.: GPO, May 30, 2002): 2.
9. Ibid., xiii.
10. For example: K. Jackson,Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1985); M. Weiss,The Rise of the Community Builder (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1987); R. Ewing,Best Development Practices(Chicago, IL:
American Planning Association, 1996); A. Duany et al.,Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl
and the Decline of the American Dream(New York: North Point Press, 2000); M.
Southworth and E. Ben-Joseph,Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities(Washington,
DC: Island Press, 2003).
11. For example: C. Baer, “Toward Design of Regulations for the Built Environment,”
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 24, C (1997): 37–57; J. E. Innes,
Knowledge and Public Policy: The Search for Meaningful Indicators(New Brunswick:
Transaction Publishers, 1990).
12. Alexis de Tocqueville,Democracy in America(New York: Doubleday, 1966 edition): 255.