Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure

SMM2, Construction Measurement Principles

1. REINFORCED CONCRETE Frame Structure Tantish Kamaruddin,PhD UTM Skudai , Malaysia

2. MEASUREMENT OF RC FRAMED STRUCTURE Framed concrete structure in building consists of the following components: Columns/Stiffeners Floor/Roof beams Floor/Roof Slab 2

3. COLUMNS Items to be measured: a. Concrete to column (VRC Grade 20 –30, etc ) b. Formwork to sides of columns c. Reinforcement i) Main bar ii) Links 3

4. COLUMNS Measurement of the items above are similar to the principles of measurements of column stumps. For the purpose of measurement, the height of column is taken from the upper surface of ground beam (upper surface of column stump) to the upper surface of the floor/roof beams above. 4

5. Starter bar must be added at ( 41d ) from the column height ( if the measurement was not appeared in drawings, however, this is not common with CAD drawings provided nowadays). Link bend formula (6d) for each bend x 4 (with bend cannot less than 90 angle), 4x6d Note : Stirrups will end only at beam length. Not in intersection area which only links will be available in that area. 5

6. Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described: Columns m3 0.80 0.80 3.15 6 TK Clause F3.1 & F3.15 2.02 2 L W D TK ALWAYS ADHERE TO THIS PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT RULE

7. b. Formwork Formwork is measured to sides of columns. Formwork to column is measured in SQUARE METRE (F.15.1 and F.15.4 and F.10.3). 7

8. 8 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Sawn formwork Grade C timber as described to: Sides of columns 0.80 3.15 4 TK m2 Clause (F.15.1 and F.15.4 and F.10.3) TK 10.08 10

9. c. Reinforcement Reinforcement to columns shall be measures in m which later be converted to kg. Consisting of two(2) types: i) Main bars ( High tensile). (F8.4)-according to elements ii) Links (Mild steel). (F8.3) 9

10. 10 Study reinforcement layouts according to your building technology textbooks!

11. 11 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/372250725434898988/

12. 12 Link/stirrups Main bars (check diameter)

13. Measurement of links- do this calculation on your side cast. Length of ONE link: 4/300 less 4/25 100 (cover) 1,100 add 4/6d (24d) 144 (say 6mm) 1,244 ( 4/6d also acceptable in links/stirrups bends which is equivalent to 24d) (Ahmad Abdullah;2012) 13

14. Number of links in columns: Assuming the height of column= 3.00 m Centre to centre of links = 150 mm c/c No. of link = 3,000 + 1 150 = 21 nos 14

15. Measurement of main bar The length of main bar are measured based on the height of column together with all laps and bends. Normally, there are four(4) main bars in a columns and high tensile steel are used. 15

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18. 18 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate 20mm Diameter high tensile reinforcement as described to: Columns 3.60 5 TK m C5 (at 5 location), marks according to grid in drawings TK 3.60 Convert to kg after finish measuring all 20mm dia for columns

19. 19 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate 6mm Diameter mild steel reinforcement as described to: Links to columns 0.80 21 TK m Assuming the height of column= 3.00 m Centre to centre of links = 150 mm c/c No. of link = 3000 + 1 150 = 21 nos 5 84.00 Convert to kg after finish measuring all 6mm dia for columns

20. FLOOR BEAM/ROOF BEAM Items to be measured: a. Concrete to floor/roof beams Uses Vibrated Reinforced Concrete Grade 20 etc. Measurement of concrete in beams is in CUBIC METRE (volume) in accordance to F.3.1 and F.3.14. Length is measured between the columns. 20

21. How to measure beam length? 21 Column Beam Length of beam is taken between columns

22. 22 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described: Upper floor/roof beams 5.00 0.45 0.45 TK m3 Clause F3.2, F3.14 L W D Take note on the arrangement of dimension placement, arrangement differs from columns to beams

23. b. Formwork Formwork are required at both sides and soffit of the beam since it is suspended. F.14.1 Formwork to sides and soffit of beam is measured in SQUARE METRE according to the following classification: a. Horizontal b. Sloping not exc. 15 from horizontal c. Sloping over 15 from horizontal 23

24. b. Formwork F.14.3 Formwork to secondary beam shall be measured up to the sides of main beams but NO DEDUCTION shall be made from the formwork of the main beam where the secondary beam intersects it. F.14.4 Formwork to beam which intersect with column shall be measured up to them on all sides. (stop at end of columns) 24

25. 25 https://gharpedia.com/things-check-before-concreting-beam-slab/

26. 26 https://www.sgmedhat.com/en/product-list/modular-formwork-system/beam-and-slam-formwork

27. 27 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Sawn formwork Grade C timber as described : To sides and soffit of floor/roof beam 5.00 0.45 TK m2 Clause F14.1

28. c. Reinforcement i ) Main bar – high tensile steel Top main bar Bottom main bar ii) Stirrups – mild steel Measurement of main bar and stirrups in floor/roof beams are similar to the principles of measurement of reinforcement in ground beams. 28

29. MEASUREMENT OF CONCRETE SUSPENDED SLAB Items to be measured: a. Concrete to suspended floor slab. b. Formwork i ) To soffit of slab ii) To edge of slab ( not associated to beams) iii) To top of slab ( exc. 15 from horizontal) c. Reinforcement d. Expansion joint (if any) 29

30. Concrete to floor slab Uses vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 20 etc. Measured in CUBIC METRE which shall include thickening but excludes upstands stating the thickness according to F.2.1. (F.3.1 and F.3.9 ). 30

31. Concrete to upper floor slab If the slab is laid sloping, this shall be stated in the description according to: i ) Sloping not exceeding 15 from horizontal ii) Sloping over 15 from horizontal ( Refer F.1.7 ) Usually the measurement to find the area of slab is taken ACROSS THE BEAM. 31

32. 32 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described to: Suspended floor slab exceeding 100 mm not exceeding 150 mm thick 25.00 10.00 0.15 TK m3 Clause F.3.1 & F.3.9 L W D

33. 33 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described to: Suspended floor slab exceeding 100 mm not exceeding 150 mm thick laid sloping not exc. 15 25.00 10.00 0.15 TK m3 Clause F.3.1 & F.3.14

34. Concrete to floor slab Formwork Formwork to soffit of slab is measured in SQUARE METRE and classified as follows (F.12.1 ): a. Horizontal b. Sloping not exceeding 15 from horizontal c. Sloping over 15 from horizontal. 34

35. Concrete to floor slab Formwork to soffit of solid slab exceeding 200 mm thick shall be measured separately in SQUARE METRE and the thickness in stages of 100 mm ( F.12.2 ). Formwork to upper sloping surfaces of slabs where more than 15 from horizontal shall be measured in SQUARE METRES (F.12.3 ). 35

36. Concrete to floor slab Formwork to edges of slabs (not associated with downstand beams or projecting eaves), shall be measured in LINEAR METRE according the following categories (F.12.5) : Not exceeding 250 mm deep 250 – 500 mm deep Where exceeding 500 mm deep, the depth shall be stated. 36

37. Concrete to floor slab Formwork to ends and perimeter of openings exceeding 1.00m girth shall be measured in LINEAR METRE according the following categories ( F.12.6): Not exceeding 250 mm wide 250 – 500 mm wide Where exceeding 500 mm wide, the width shall be stated. 37

38. Concrete to floor slab Note: F.10.9 Formwork to soffits or soffits of beams over 3.50 m high shall be so described stating the height in further stages of 1.50m. If the soffit of floor slab exceeds 3.50m high then it is subjected to this clause. 38

39. 39 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Sawn formwork Grade C timber as described to: Soffit of suspended floor slab exceeding 200 mm thick; exc. 3.50m but not exc. 5.00m high 25.00 10.00 TK m2 (Clause F.3.1, F10.9 & F12.2)

40. Concrete to floor slab Reinforcement The type of reinforcement used in suspended slab are normally high tensile bar reinforcement even though fabric reinforcement can also be used. F.8.4 Classification of bar reinforcement shall be as follows: a. In foundation which shall include column bases (pad foundation), ground beams, pile caps and the like. b. In ground slab which shall include beds, roads, footpaths and paving. c. In suspended slab which shall include attached beams, upstand , kerbs and lintels. d. In walls which shall include columns. 40

41. Concrete to floor slab Therefore based on F.8.4(c) , principally the measurement of reinforcements in suspended slab should be done together with the reinforcements for suspended floor/roof beams. Typical layout of reinforcement in suspended slab is as shown in the following transparencies. The most important thing to do before starting the process of taking off is to understand the layout of the reinforcements and if possible sketches of the layout be made to avoid confusion due to the several layers of the reinforcements. 41

42. Concrete to floor slab Measurements if bar reinforcement follows the same principles of other bar reinforcement according to: i ) Type of steel used ii) Diameter of steel bar 42

43. Expansion joints Expansion joint is sometimes incorporated in the design of suspended slab for the purpose for providing a mechanism to cater for the expansion and compression of the slab due to heat. F.4.2 Designed joints including those required to be a special profile or which incorporate water stops, EXPANSION OR COMPRESSION jointing materials which are required in the formation of bays shall be measured in LINEAR METRE . 43

44. 44 Project Element/Trade Slip No Heading Description: Unit Quantity Taker Off Squaring Chk. Squaring Rate Sundries: Expansion joint, 25mm wide in 100mm thick slab filled with and approved non-shrinking grout and pointed on both sides with aluminium strip 20mm x 4mm thick including all necessary formwork and any necessary treatment to the reinforcement 21.00 TK m Clause F4.3 Length 8,000 add 7,000 add 6,000 21,000 Side Cast

45. Concrete to floor slab Particulars of the following shall be stated in the description: Any necessary formwork. Treatment of reinforcement crossing the joint. Water stop, expansion or compression jointing and pointing materials. 45

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