Remedial teaching strategies

1. Collected by: Eman Awad El-Sawy REMEDIAL TEACHING STRATEGIES Monday, November 23, 2015 1

2. Definition Of Learning Difficulties. Types Of Learning Disabilities. The Relationship Between Academic Learning Disabilities & Non-academic(developmental). The Difference Between Learning Disabilities, Slow Learning And Under-achievement. How To Recognize Learning Disabilities(Criteria). Language learning disabilities. Causing Factors For Language Learning Disabilities. Some Remedial Methods For Language Learning Disabilities. The Treatment Of Academic Reading Disabilities. Remedial Teaching Strategies. Monday, November 23, 2015 2

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4. 1-Definition:- Monday, November 23, 2015 4

5. “Specific learning disability” means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations Federal Definition of Specific Learning Disabilities Monday, November 23, 2015 5

6. In Federal law, under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the term is “specific learning disability,” one of 13 categories of disability under that law . “Learning Disabilities” is an “umbrella” term describing a number of other, more specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia and dysgraphia. Monday, November 23, 2015 6

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8. Monday, November 23, 2015 8 2- Classification and types of learning disabilities 2)Developmental or non-academic learning disabilities 1)Academic learning disabilities Primary secondary Attention b) Perception c) Memory A-Thinking B-Oral language C-Solving problems Dyscalculia Dysgraphia Dyslexia Language Processing Disorder Dyspraxia Executive Functioning

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13. 3- The relationship between developmental learning difficulties and academic learning difficulties :- A major role/ Prominent role. Cause and effect. High correlation (90 %). Monday, November 23, 2015 13

14. 4 - The Difference Between Learning Disabilities, Slow learning and Under-achievement:- Their behavior Developmental Problems Academic level Education IQ cause criteria Normal Hyperactive Aggressive Indolence Dispersion Limited learn necessary academic skills, but at rate and depth below average same age peers. Continually Repeats exams in the weakness subject Needs special education services Like the sources room and individual teaching Average or above From 90 to above A small cerebral damage in a particular part in the brain. (Genetic) Learning Disability Adaptive failure in one or more of daily life skills like: dealing with individuals or daily life situations Wide clear reduction in all subjects . Don’t continue to university Continually Repeats exams more than once in most sub jects Inside normal classrooms with some modifications in the curriculum to suit his abilities Less than average, But doesn’t reach mental retardation From 70 to 84 An injury or damage in more than a part in the brain that Causes weakness in some of the Genetic mental abilities. Slow learning suffers from Permanent depression and frustration from the repeated failure experiences . No clear reduction in all subjects especially the ones that need The presence of mind Continually Repeats exams in most subjects. Inside normal classrooms ,but his case should be studied by the social worker, needs some lessons. Average or above From 90 to above Neglection that results from environmental and family problems . Not genetic or mental retardation Under Achievement 14

15. 5- Criteria for recognizing learning disabilities:- Spacing. Elimination (Exclusion). Special Education. Problems associated with maturity. Organic Signs. Monday, November 23, 2015 15

16. 6- language learning difficulties:- A- Reading disability (dyslexia): National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read . These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Although the disorder varies from person to person, Monday, November 23, 2015 16 * definition:

17. Social causes : Low social level Psychological causes: fear Mental causes: low ability to perceive and imagine. Physical causes: auditory and visual weakness Other causes. B- writing disability. Monday, November 23, 2015 17 *causes:

18. There are 28 reading difficulties: Monday, November 23, 2015 18 Pronunciation (13) 1- word by word reading 2-Wrong pronunciation of phrases 3-wrong pronunciation 4-Omissions 5-Repition 6-Inversions or Reversal 7-not knowing vowel sounds 8-not knowing consonant sounds 9- Substitution 10- Insertions 11-Basic sight words 12-Guessing 13-Moving the lips while reading recognition Weakness in structural analysis

19. Inability to Monday, November 23, 2015 19 Understanding 1-Inability to understand text gestures 2-Inability to make contractions 3-Weakness in understanding 4-Inability to remember 5-Weakness in the sequence of events 6-Weakness in remembering written Difficulties regarding speed of reading 1-Low rate of speed 2-Speed at the expense of accuracy 3-Skimming 4-Inability to co-ordinate between speed and the difficulty of the material Skills of using dictionaries and searching for information 1-Low skills of using a dictionary. 2-Inability to determine the right source of information

20. 7- Causing factors of language learning disabilities: Organic causes. Environmental causes. Educational causes. Inner psychological reasons. Functional reasons. Monday, November 23, 2015 20

21. 8- Some methods of the treatment of learning disabilities: Dialogue. Doing some experiments Using scientific discoveries The use of models and maquettes Using pictures Using mazes Using stories Treatment based on the use of realism Search / teach tutoring approach Monday, November 23, 2015 21

22. 9- T reatment of academic reading difficulties: Functional treatment. General remedial programs: Treatment methods: Monday, November 23, 2015 22 1-Using sounds. 2-Using prefixes and suffixes. 3-Verbalizing-visualizing.

23. 10- Remedial T eaching Strategies : Individual teaching. Direct teaching. The multiplicity of the senses strategy. Fernald method. Orton- Gill Ingham. Auditory verbal therapy. Writing for reading. Trial and error learning. Skills training model. Skills training model. Monday, November 23, 2015 23

24. Individual Teaching It means that a teacher teaches one student at one time or the teacher skill to take into account individual differences among learners. It doesn’t mean that the learner has to work alone. Its purpose is to get closer to the students as possible. Schools can achieve this strategy by: Using computers or peers or small groups teaching or Independent study…..etc. Monday, November 23, 2015 24

25. Directed Teaching/ Mastery Learning: It focuses on achieving the learning outcomes by concentrating on direct skills which is related to the outcomes. For example: Multiplication table. Steps: 1-accurately determine the outcomes. 2-directly measure the students performance. 3-Analysing and arranging the elements. 4-Give enough time. 5-Giving feedback. 6- directing the students to practice till perfection 7- showing students performance data in suitable charts and diagrams. Monday, November 23, 2015 25

26. Writing for reading Strategy Modern program. Through personal experience. Children find it easy to read a word which they gathered its letters. For example: A picture of a train. Steps of writing for reading strategy(steps-ten units- Three words). Monday, November 23, 2015 26

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