Renaissance period in art appreciation vfhgjvb

renaissance

1. The Renaissance was a time of rebirth, creativity, and exploration of human potential.

2. MIDDLE AGES 1. Feudal System: Society was structured around a system of lords, vassals, and serfs. Lords owned the land, vassals served the lords, and serfs worked the land. 2. The Church's Influence: The Catholic Church had immense power and influence over all aspects of life, including politics, education, and daily life. 3. Crusades: A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of holy sites in the Middle East, which also led to increased cultural and trade exchanges.

3. MIDDLE AGES 4. Black Death: The bubonic plague killed a large portion of Europe's population in the 14th century, leading to significant social and economic changes. 5. Medieval Art and Learning: Art was largely religious and symbolic, and learning was mostly confined to monasteries and universities controlled by the Church. 6. Gothic Architecture: Characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, as seen in many cathedrals. These elements set the stage for the transformations of the Renaissance, which brought a renewed focus on humanism, individualism, and classical knowledge.

4. Renaissance Period

5. Renaissance Period -The Renaissance came right after the Middle Ages in Europe. - People became very interested in the learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome again. - The Renaissance style of painting started in Italy in the late 1300s. - Renaissance art aimed to show the experiences of individuals and the beauty and mystery of nature.

6. Renaissance Period - The High Renaissance started in the 1490s with Leonardo da Vinci's painting "The Last Supper" and the death of Lorenzo de' Medici. - It ended in 1527 when Rome was attacked by the troops of Charles V. - After this attack, the High Renaissance period ended, but the Renaissance continued for a while before also coming to an end.

7. LEONARDO DA VINCCI Leonardo da Vinci is famous for works like "The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa." He was born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy, and his contributions to art, science, and engineering have made him one of the most celebrated figures in history.

8. Lorenzo de' Medici, was a major patron of the arts during the Renaissance, supporting artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. He played a significant role in the cultural development of Florence during this period.

9. Florence is a city in Italy that was a major center of culture, politics, and art during the Renaissance.

10. KEY POINTS ABOUT FLORENCE Renaissance Birthplace: Florence is often considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy in the late 14th century. Artistic Hub: Many renowned artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Botticelli, lived and worked in Florence. The city was a hub for artistic innovation and production. Patronage: The powerful Medici family, who ruled Florence, were significant patrons of the arts. They funded many artists and projects, contributing to the city's rich cultural heritage.

11. KEY POINTS ABOUT FLORENCE Architectural Landmarks: Florence is home to iconic buildings like the Florence Cathedral (Il Duomo) with its famous dome designed by Brunelleschi, and the Palazzo Vecchio. Cultural Influence: Florence's influence extended beyond art to fields such as science, politics, literature, and philosophy. Figures like Dante Alighieri and Niccolò Machiavelli were also associated with the city. Florence's contributions to art and culture during the Renaissance have had a lasting impact, making it a crucial location in the history of Western civilization.

12. Renaissance Art By the end of the 15th century, Rome replaced Florence as the main center of Renaissance art. Art mostly showed religious images used in religious rituals and as devotional objects. Besides religious images, many artworks showed everyday life, including marriage, birth, and family life.

13. Renaissance Artists Renaissance artists came from all levels of society. They often started as apprentices and learned from experienced masters before joining a professional guild. Artists were hired by patrons because they were dependable. Italy’s growing middle class bought art to copy the aristocracy and improve their own status.

14. Paintings

15. Technique Used During the Renaissance, artists like Giorgione and Titian started using oil paint directly on canvas for their artworks. This technique actually goes back further to Jan van Eyck, a Flemish painter who was crucial during the Northern Renaissance. Other notable painters from this period include Albrecht Durer from Germany and Hans Holbein the Younger. They all contributed significantly to the development of oil painting as a major artistic medium.

16. Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him.

17. Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco Giorgione is often referred to as a master of color due to his innovative and expressive use of color in his paintings. He was known for creating rich, harmonious color palettes that added depth and emotion to his compositions. Giorgione's ability to blend colors seamlessly and create atmospheric effects greatly influenced the development of Renaissance art. His mastery of color is evident in works like "The Tempest" and "Sleeping Venus," where colors are used not just to depict objects realistically but also to convey mood and meaning.

18. Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco The Tempest (La Tempesta ) - A mysterious and evocative landscape painting with a stormy sky and figures.

19. Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco Sleeping Venus (Venere dormiente ) - A reclining nude painting of Venus, portraying idealized beauty and sensuality.

20. Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco The Three Philosophers (I Tre Filosofi ) - A complex composition featuring three philosophers engaged in contemplation, set against a landscape backdrop.

21. Tiziano Vecellio Titian, also known as Tiziano Vecellio , was an Italian painter of the High Renaissance and one of the most important figures in the history of Western art. He was born around 1488/1490 in Pieve di Cadore , in the Republic of Venice, and died in 1576 in Venice.

22. Tiziano Vecellio Venus of Urbino - A reclining nude painting of Venus, celebrated for its sensuality and the artist's skillful use of color and light.

23. Tiziano Vecellio Diana and Actaeon and Diana and Callisto (part of the series known as the "Diana paintings") - These works depict scenes from Greek mythology with dynamic compositions and vibrant colors.

24. Tiziano Vecellio Bacchus and Ariadne - A mythological painting showing the moment when Bacchus, the god of wine, discovers Ariadne and falls in love with her.

25. Tiziano Vecellio Bacchus and Ariadne - A mythological painting showing the moment when Bacchus, the god of wine, discovers Ariadne and falls in love with her.

26. Tiziano Vecellio Assumption of the Virgin - A monumental altarpiece depicting the Virgin Mary ascending into Heaven, displaying Titian's mastery of religious narrative and grandeur.

27. Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck was a prominent Flemish painter of the Northern Renaissance, active during the 15th century. He is renowned for his meticulous attention to detail, innovative use of oil paint, and mastery of light and texture.

28. Jan van Eyck Innovator of Oil Painting: Van Eyck is credited with perfecting the technique of oil painting, which allowed for greater detail, depth, and intensity of color compared to the traditional egg tempera method.

29. Jan van Eyck Ghent Altarpiece: One of his most famous works is the Ghent Altarpiece (also known as the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb), a large polyptych altarpiece that demonstrates his technical prowess and narrative skill.

30. Jan van Eyck Portraiture: Van Eyck was skilled in portraiture, capturing the likeness and personality of his subjects with remarkable realism. His portraits, such as the Arnolfini Portrait, are celebrated for their psychological depth and exquisite rendering. ( young man thymotheus )

31. Jan van Eyck Religious and Secular Works: In addition to religious subjects, van Eyck also painted secular scenes and landscapes, often imbuing them with symbolic and allegorical meanings.

32. Jan van Eyck Legacy: Van Eyck's contributions to art, particularly his technical innovations in oil painting, had a profound impact on subsequent generations of artists in both the Northern and Italian Renaissance. His meticulous approach to realism and his mastery of light and color set new standards in European painting.

33. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Painter and Printmaker: Dürer was not only a painter but also a highly skilled printmaker, engraver, and theorist. He is considered one of the greatest artists of the Northern Renaissance.

34. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Works: Some of his famous paintings include "Self-Portrait" (1498), "Adam and Eve" (1504), and "Knight, Death, and the Devil" (1513). He also created numerous woodcuts and engravings, such as the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" series and " Melencolia I" (1514).

35. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Technical Innovations: Dürer's meticulous attention to detail, use of perspective, and exploration of human proportions influenced generations of artists. He played a crucial role in elevating the status of printmaking to an art form in its own right.

36. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Technical Innovations: Dürer's meticulous attention to detail, use of perspective, and exploration of human proportions influenced generations of artists. He played a crucial role in elevating the status of printmaking to an art form in its own right.

37. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Self-Portrait (1498): Description: This self-portrait by Dürer is one of his most celebrated works. It shows him at a young age, looking directly at the viewer with a confident expression. He presents himself in a manner that suggests his skill as an artist and his intellectual curiosity. Significance: The self-portrait is not just a depiction of the artist but also a statement of his artistic identity and ambitions. It reflects Dürer's interest in human proportions and his ability to capture a lifelike representation of himself.

38. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Adam and Eve (1504): Description: This painting depicts Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, with the Tree of Knowledge in the background and various symbolic animals surrounding them. Eve holds the forbidden fruit while Adam looks on contemplatively. Symbolism: Dürer's "Adam and Eve" reflects Renaissance interest in classical themes and human anatomy. It also explores the theme of sin and redemption, with Adam and Eve's fall from grace symbolized by their disobedience to God's command. Technique: The painting demonstrates Dürer's meticulous attention to detail and his skill in depicting the human form realistically, emphasizing the idealized beauty of Adam and Eve.

39. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528): Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513): Description: This engraving portrays a knight riding through a dark and forbidding landscape. He is accompanied by Death, personified as a skeletal figure, and the Devil, represented as a monstrous creature. Themes: The engraving explores themes of mortality, courage, and the struggle against evil. The knight, embodying virtue and moral strength, remains steadfast despite the menacing presence of Death and the Devil. Influence: "Knight, Death, and the Devil" is considered one of Dürer's masterpieces in printmaking. It demonstrates his technical prowess in engraving and his ability to convey complex narratives and moral allegories through visual imagery.

40. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98-1543): Court Painter: Holbein was known for his portraits, particularly of the English court during the reign of King Henry VIII. He worked in both England and Switzerland. Works: His notable portraits include those of King Henry VIII, "The Ambassadors" (1533), and "Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam" (1523). He also painted religious works and designs for decorative arts. Realism and Detail: Holbein's portraits are characterized by their realism, psychological depth, and precise rendering of details. He captured the personalities and status of his subjects with great accuracy. Legacy: Holbein's influence extended beyond his lifetime, impacting later portrait painters and contributing to the development of realism in European art.

41. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98-1543): King Henry VIII: Description: Hans Holbein painted several portraits of King Henry VIII, but perhaps the most famous is the full-length portrait from around 1537. It depicts Henry VIII standing in a powerful pose, adorned with luxurious fabrics and jewels, emphasizing his status and authority as king of England. Significance: Holbein's portraits of Henry VIII are iconic representations of the Tudor monarch, showcasing his physical presence and royal demeanor. These portraits were instrumental in shaping Henry's public image during his reign.

42. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98-1543): The Ambassadors (1533): Description: "The Ambassadors" is a double portrait of two French diplomats, Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve , standing beside a table filled with symbolic objects. The painting is rich in symbolism, including a distorted skull (anamorphic skull) at the bottom of the painting, which is only visible from a certain angle. Symbolism: The painting is a complex allegory of worldly and spiritual pursuits, featuring objects related to science, religion, and the arts. The inclusion of the anamorphic skull is a reminder of mortality and the transience of earthly pursuits. Technique: Holbein's meticulous attention to detail and his ability to render textures and fabrics with precision are evident in "The Ambassadors." The painting is a masterpiece of Renaissance portraiture and symbolic representation.

43. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98-1543): Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam (1523): Description: This portrait depicts the renowned humanist scholar Desiderius Erasmus, known for his contributions to literature, philosophy, and theology during the Renaissance. Characterization: Holbein captures Erasmus with a thoughtful expression, reflecting his intellectual depth and influence in Renaissance Europe. The portrait emphasizes Erasmus's scholarly pursuits and his role as a leading figure of humanism. Legacy: Holbein's portrait of Erasmus is considered one of the definitive images of the scholar, conveying not only his physical likeness but also his intellectual stature and cultural impact.

44. The Beheading of St. John the Baptist Artist:   Caravaggio Year:  1608 Depicts the execution of Saint John the Baptist with Salome standing with a golden platter to receive the head of the victim. Only painting to bear the signature of Caravaggio, which is placed in red blood being spilled from the cut throat. The signature became apparent only when the painting was restored in the 1950s.

45. The Beheading of St. John the Baptist

46. Decline of the Renaissance Period By the late 1500s, a new artistic style called Mannerism emerged as a reaction against the naturalism of the High Renaissance. Mannerism emphasized exaggerated forms, distorted proportions, and a sense of artificiality rather than the balanced, idealized naturalism of earlier Renaissance art. Mannerism originated in Florence and Rome but quickly spread across Europe, becoming the dominant artistic style for a time. Despite this shift, the achievements of the High Renaissance, characterized by artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, were still highly regarded. The High Renaissance is often seen as the peak or culmination of Italian art, known for its harmonious compositions, lifelike figures, and mastery of perspective and anatomy.

47. experiment with techniques characteristic of both Renaissance and Mannerist art. Provide materials such as oil paints or colored pencils to recreate aspects of these styles, focusing on realism versus exaggeration.