RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE RESOURCEs CHAPTER 2 (1).pptx

It is about renewable energy and non renewable energy

1. CHAPTER 2 RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

2. Learning Objectives Students will be able to differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources. Students will be able understand conservation of natural resources. Will understand importance of new technologies Analyze personal consumption of resources

3. 2.1 What is a resource? A resource is anything we get from the environment to meet our needs and desires. Which has dependability through time. All forms of life need resources such as food water and shelter for survival.

4. Natural resource Resources that occur in our nature are called natural resource. Ex: Land , water, air , minerals, forests, sunlight and wildlife

5. A resource can be defined as a form of energy and /or matter which is essential for the functioning of organisms, populations and ecosystems. With respect to humans, it is any form of energy or matter essential for fulfillment of physiological, socioeconomic and cultural needs .

6. Five basic ecological variables Energy, matter, space, time and diversity are sometimes called natural resources. Resources are dynamic They not only improve new knowledge, but expand science and technology and change culture of society.

7. Solar capital provided 99% of energy Water resource and purification Air resource and purification Climate change Earth capital (life support and economic services) Recycling C0 2 ,N 2 ,H 2 0,P,S N on renewable resources(oil, Coal, natural gas) Waste removal and detoxificatio n Natural pest and disease control Biodiversity and genepool Potentially renewable matter resources Non renewable mineral resources(Cu,Al,Fe,U) Soil formation and renewal Renewable energy resources(sun,wind,flowing water, biomass

8. Resources available directly to man and other organisms are: Solar energy, Fresh air, surface water and plants Resources available only to man: Petroleum, Ground water, Minerals These resources are available only with effort.

9. MAN CULTURE NEUTRAL STUFF RESOURCES RESISTANCE NATURE MAN

10. Resource Appraisal: Resource is material needed or used to sustain life Air, Water, Food Forest: Timber, paper, wood products Ores: Iron, Aluminum, copper Oil, Natural gas, Coal Assessment of the availability of resources in a given area is called resource appraisal.

11. Basic wants Satisfy Resources Resistance Native physical and brain power Over comes MAN PROSSESSOR OFFERS The natural environment Expoits & Utilizes

12. Resource problem: How long Earth’s resources sustain growing demand?

13. Experts object the The Limits to Growth concept. The theory do not give adequate credit to potentiality of new technologies. Ex: Demand for natural fibers is overcome by synthetic fibers. Organic chemistry of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber and plastics produced from inexpensive resources will relieve the pressure on natural fibres, rubber relieve pressure on more expensive materials.

14. Technology can also extend the supply of resources by improving them, using them more efficiently or recycling them . Ex copper, steel, silver lead can be recycled and can be used. However energy resources like coal, petroleum cannot be recycled. Once burnt it is gone for ever. Excess energy is released as heat and goes into space.

15. A material can be used as a resource, only if it is available at reasonable cost. Once the easily available resource is depleted, the cost of finding scarce resource becomes high and eventully resource becomes expensive. This stimulates a new search for new supplies of mining and processing lower grade deposits economically feasible. We can never find a resource if it is out of earth.

16. There is an economic limit to recycling. Recycling is done only, ( i ) if recycling is cheaper than mining metal. (ii) If the material is not too widely dispersed.

17. Classification based on stocks in nature In-exhaustible : Resource that never runs out or gets depleted. Ex: Wind, sun, solar energy, tides, and geothermal energy. These resources are 2 types (a) Immutable: Much adverse change not observed through man’s activities Ex:( i ) Wind power (ii) Precipitation (iii) Tidal power (iv) Atomic energy (b)Mutable: Little danger of complete exhaustion, but when improperly used their resource quality may be impaired, such as: ( i ) Atmosphere (ii) Ocean (iii) Water power of flowing streams

18. 2. Exhaustible: Exhaustible resources are those resources which are present in limited quantity and can be completely used up by human activities Ex: Coal, Petrol. Maintainable: Resources which can be maintained from different action of human being. (i) Renewable (ii) Non renewable (b) Non maintainable: Resources have static supply and when destroyed or consumptively used are irreplaceable. (i) Reusuable (ii) Non reusuable

19. Classification based on reusability: Immutable [Quality not degraded] Inexhaustible: Wind power, ocean Mutable [Quality may be degraded] solar, hydro power

20. Maintainable [ Availability depends on method of use ] Exhaustible: Non maintainable[ total quantity static]

21. NATURAL RESOURCES INEXAUSTABLE (UMLIMITED) EXAUSTABLE (LIMITED) NON MAINTAINABLE MAINTAINABLE MUTABLE (DEGRADED) IMMUTABLE (NOT DEGRADED) RENEWABLE NON RENEWABLE REUSABLE NON REUSABLE

22. Classification based on stocks in nature 1.Inexhaustible : a) immutable b) mutable based on their degradation as a result of man’s activity (a) Immutable: Seemingly incapable of much adverse change through man’s activities, such as: (i) Wind power (ii) Precipitation (iii) Tidal power (iv) Atomic energy

23. b )Mutable: Little danger of complete exhaustion, but when improperly used their resource quality may be impaired, such as: (i) Solar power (ii) Atmosphere (iii) Ocean (iv) Water power of flowing streams

24. 2.Exhaustible: a) Maintainable b) non maintainable based on their method of use. They are Limited in occurrence Maintainable resources are those resources which can be maintained from different action of human being. They can further be classified as Renewable and non renewable N on-maintainable re sources those resources which can not be maintained by human being. Those resources are further divided into Reusable and Non-Reusable resources. .

25. Another classification based on general categories : 1. Renewable resources 2. Nonrenewable resources that can be recycled 3 . Nonrenewable resources that cannot be recycled

26. 2.5 Renewable resources A natural resource which can be replenished either through natural reproduction or other recurring processes in a finite amount of time in a human time scale. Ex: O 2 Through Photosynthesis Fresh water Water cycle Food, Fiber, Timber Natural cycles of growth and reproduction

27. Other examples include: Solar Energy Forest, Grass land, Wild animals

28. Another important renewable is biodiversity which consists of life forms which can best survive the variety of conditions found on earth. They are 1. Genetic diversity 2. Species diversity 3. Ecological diversity

29. Genetic diversity : Variety in the genetic makeup among individuals with in a single species Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. Woody plants, such as trees, tend to have more genetic diversity, on the whole, than vascular plants, such as grasses.

30. Natural resources can be categorized on the basis of renewability: Non-renewable resources are formed over very long geological periods . Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished, once they are depleted . Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them, but coal and petroleum cannot be recycled.

31. Species diversity: Species diversity is defined as the number of different species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of those species. Diversity is greatest when all the species present are equally abundant in the area.

32. Ecological diversity : Variety of forests, deserts,grasslands, streams, lakes, oceans and other biological communities that interact with one another and with their non living componts of matter and energy.

33. This diversity gives food, energy and raw materials. Potential renewable resources can be depleted. Sustainable yield: The highest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply.

34. Overuse of commons : One of the causes of environmental degradation is overuse of common property resources which are owned by none and used by all for free. Most of such resources are potentially renewable.

35. Global common: The portion of earth and its surrounding space that lie beyond the territorial claims of any nation. Ex: clean air, the open ocean , seas , fish in the open ocean, migratory birds, Antarctica , gases of lower atmosphere, ozone content of stratosphere and 70 % of the earth’s surface are common

36. 2.6 Non renewable resources that can be recycled Few resources are non-renewable. Some of them may be recycled. Ex: All non energy mineral sources. They can be recovered from their prior use to be used again. A good example of this would be aluminum from aluminum cans, old cars or other products , Mercury and copper. Many types of plastic (made from petroleum oil ) are also recyclable.

37. Deposits of fertilizer nutrients such as phosphate rock, and potassium and minerals like asbestos clay and mica are Non renewable resources that can be recycled. Recycling i nvolves collecting and reprocessing a resource into new products. Ex: Glass bottles or other glass items.

38. Reuse involves use of a resource in the same form. A nonrenewable mineral resource is never completely exhausted, but it can be economically depleted when the cost of finding, extracting transporting and processing what is left exceeds the amount earned from them. At that time we have five choices

39. Recycle or reuse existing supplies Waste less Use less amounts Try to develop a substitute Or Wait for millions of years for more to be produced.

40. 2.7 Non renewable resources that cannot be recycled These resources exist in a fixed quantity in Earth’s crust and thus theoretically can be completely used up. On a time scaleof millions to billions of years, such resources can be renewed by geological processes. However, on the much shorter human time scale of hundreds to thousands of years, these resources can be depleted much faster than they are formed.

41. Fossil fuels are derived from organic matter that accumulated during hundreds of millions of years of early bio-geological history. There is no way of recycling the energy in fossil fuels. Resources that cannot be recycled are those “mineral” energy resources, namely, fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), that presently supply better than 90 percent of our energy, and uranium that is used for nuclear (atomic) power.

42. Non-renewable energy resources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, can’t be recycled or reused. Once burned, the useful energy in these fossil fuels is gone, leaving behind waste “heat and polluting exhaust gases. Most of the per capita economic growth has been fueled by relatively cheap non-renewable oil, which is expected to be economically depleted within 40 to 80 years.

43. 2.8 Limits of renewable resources -Destruction vs Conservation In theory, a renewable resource can last forever. The term renewable resource is often taken to mean inexhaustible . All renewable resources are named by the capacity of natural systems to renew them . ex : (1) Groundwater is renewable only at the rate of which water continues to percolate into the soil . in many areas water is being exhausted by withdrawing it faster than it is being replaced

44. 2. Wetlands are either drained or polluted.coral reefs are destroyed . 3 in many developed countries, diverse old forests are being destroyed and are replaced with single species new tree plantations. These can reduce wild life . 4 overgrazing of livestock degrades large areas of land. 5 wildlife species become extinct due to human activities. Thus there is a danger of degradation and depletion of for potentially renewable resources. There are no environmentally acceptable sustitutes.

45. Biological species also represent a renewable resource as long as depending population is maintained. Many species are going extinct. Renewable resources are renewable and will last so long as the use of them remains within the capacity of the system to renew itself and protect it from pollution and habitat destruction. Learning to manage and use renewable resources in accordance with these considerations is the essence of study and practice of environmental conservation.