REPORT TEXT ABOUT BLOOD - ENGLISH CLASS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

REPORT TEXT ABOUT BLOOD - ENGLISH CLASS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

1. Written by : Bening Sekar Wangi (03) Puti Pramathama PM (23) Syavira Yopiananda (25)

2. The Human Cardiovascular System Penelusuran Google Saya lagi beruntung Google.co.id tersedia dalam: English Basa Jawa Web Gambar Maps Berita Terjemahan Buku Gmail selengkapnya Masuk

3. Blood Vessels In the cardiovascular system, they are three types of blood vessels, namely arteries, veins, and capillaries. CAPILLARIES VEINS ARTERIES

4. Heart The heart is located to the left inside the chest cavity. The heart function as an organ that pumps blood, therefore the heart has strong muscles. The heart is also the center of the cardiovascular system in the body, because the blood flows to all parts of the body from the heart.

5. Heart

6. Heart Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Right Atrium Left Atrium Note : The ventricle wall has a thicker muscle wall than the antrium . It’s because Ventricles have two work harder, namely to pump blood to all parts of body. There are valves between the antrium and ventricle. The valves function as to prevent blood from flowwing back to the atrium

7. Three steps to the heart’s work : First step, the atriums expand, the blood enters the atriums. Second step, the atriums contract, the blood from the atrium enters the ventricles. Third step, the ventricles contract, blood comes out from the ventricles.

8. A heartbeat occurs if the cardiac muscle contracts. You can feel your heartbeat in artery near the skin surface, such as on the wrist or neck. Besides the heart rate, blood pressure in the arteries also can be measured. Blood pressure is the indicator to measure the strength of the heart in pumping bloods. The blood pressure of a normal adult is 120/80. The 120 indicates the blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting, which is called systole, while the 80 indicates the blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxing, which is called diastole. Next

9. Arteries Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They are inside hidden our body. The walls of arteries are strong and elastic. You can feel their beat in the wrist or neck. Arteries have one valve near the heart.

10. 2. Veins Veins are vessels that carry blood to the heart. They are located near our skin surface and look bluish. The walls of veins are thin and not elastic. You can’t feel their pulse.

11. The veins consist

12. Systemic Veins Systemic veins come from all parts of body toward right atrium of the heart. These veins carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen.

13. Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary veins consist of the left pulmonary veins and the right pulmonary veins. The left pulmonary veins carries blood from the left lung. The right pulmonary vein carries blood from the right lung. Both of them are united and move toward the left atrium. These pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.

14. Capillaries The smallest arteries and the smallest veins are connected by vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are very delicate and have thin walls since they only consist of one cell layer. The diameter of capillaries is only as wide as one red blood cell. These capillaries are directly connected with the body`s cells.

15. BLOOD Blood Blood cells Blood plasma Red Blood cells White Blood cells Platelets Serum Protein Plasma Human blood consist of blood plasma and blood cell.

16. Blood Plasma Blood plasma is a clear yellowish fluid with consist of 90% water and dissolved substance. Its function is to: 1. Carry dissolved nutrients to all part of body. 2.Carries wastes of the metabolic process from tissue or body cells to the organs of excretion.

17. The contain of blood plasma Protein such as fibrinogen (responsible for blood clotting)

18. Red Blood cells(Erythrocytes) Human Erythrocytes have no nucleus, a flat round shape, are biconcave, and can to carrying oxygen. Erythrocytes can to carrying oxygen because: 1.it maximizes the surface area for oxygen diffusion. 2.its flat shape makes gas diffusion efficient.

19. The color of Erythrocytes is red, it because of hemoglobin ( Hb ) which function to bind oxygen. Next

20. Red Blood cells(Erythrocytes)

21. White Blood cells(Leukocytes) Leukocytes have bigger size than of Erythrocytes. . Leukocytes have a nucleus ,are colorless, can move amoeboid (like amoebas) and can pass through the walls of blood vessels.

22. White Blood cells(Leukocytes)

23. There are five kind of Leukocytes; basophils , eosinophil , neutriphil , monocyte ,and lymphocyte. Leukocytes formed in red marrow, the spleen and lymph glands. Next

24. Platelets( Thrombocytes ) Have an irregular shape and lack nuclei. Thrombocytes have smaller size than of Erythrocytes and leukocyte. The function to clot the blood.

25. Platelets( Thrombocytes )

26. Function of Blood a. Blood as the circulatory system. 1.Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all part of body. 2.Blood plasma carries nutritients , carbon dioxide, and hormones. b.Kills microbes c.Maintainy body temperature.

27. Blood Type Blood classified into four group namely A, B, AB and 0. The blood groups are classified based on the presence of agglutinogen . Besides containing agglutinogen , blood plasma also contains another kinds of protein which known as agglutinin.agglutinin is known as antiagglutinin .

28. The presence of agglutinin and agglutinogen in blood Blood group Agglutinin Agglutinogen A A B B B A AB A and B None None A and B

29. Blood Transfusion A blood transfusion is needed by a person who loses lot of blood. The person who donated his or her blood is called donor. The person who receive blood is called recipient. In blood transfusion the recipient must have antiagglutinogen and agglutinogen which match.

30. Blood Transfusion scheme

31. Blood Circulation Human blood always circulates inside the blood vessels. Therefore, human blood circulation is called a close circulatory system.

32. The human circulatory system is called a double circulation, because the blood passes through the heart twice each complete circuit of the body. Double circulation consist of: Next

33. Next Pulmonary circulation : blood circulation that starts from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns back to the left atrium. Systemic circulation is blood circulation that starts from the left ventricle to all parts of body, and then returns to the right atrium.

34. Route of blood in the human circulatory system

35. Cardiovascular Disorders Disorders of the blood : a. Anemia : condition where the blood is unable to carry enough oxygen for body. It can be caused by a low number of red blood cells/low amount of hemoglobin which carries oxygen. b. Thalassemia an inherited blood disease marked by the presence of abnormal red blood cells.

36. c. Leucopenia : a condition where the number of white blood cells is less than the normal number. this will decrease the human body’s immmune system. d. Leukocytosis : a condition where there are too many white blood cells. It commonly happens in someone who suffers from chronic illness. Next

37. e. Leukimia (blood cancer) : White blood cells uncontrollably divide so that the numbers increase rapidly, and engulf re blood cells, other white blood cells, and thrombocytes. f. Hemophilia a blood disease where blood has trouble clotting. The sufferer can lose much blood just because of a minor injury. This disease is inherited and can’t be cured. Next

38. 2. Disorders of the Vessels and Heart Atherosclerosis It happens when there is an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, glucose, other substance on the inner wall of arteries. This accumulation will form plaque and cause artery constriction which leads to the disturbance of nutrients circulations. If this construction happens to the arteries that supply nutrition and oxygen to the heart, it will cause a heart attack. If it happens to the arteries that go to the brain, it will cause a stroke.

39. b. Varices It happen in veins as a consequence of unsmooth blood circulation toward the heart. Blood gathers in veins whinch cause the vein to widen. Verices are often found in the legs. c. Angina A condition in which pain occurs on the left side of the chest because of a heart disorder. Angina happens when the heart doesn’t receive enough blood. Next

40. Heart attack It is caused by low blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Usually it is because of atherosclerosis. Cardiac muscle will be distupted and finally die which than leads the heart to stop beating. It is marked by pain in the left chest with a cold sweat, dizziness, and nausea. But in some of cases, the sufferer experiences no symptoms at all. Next

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