Reporting for Finance in SAP S/4HANA, S4F07 Col09

S4F07
Reporting for Finance in SAP
S/4HANA
.
.
PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK
INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING
.
Course Version: 09
Course Duration: 3 Day(s)
e-book Duration: 5 Hours 50 Minutes
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Contents
vii Course Overview
1 Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next
Generation Business Suite
2 Lesson: Introducing SAP S/4HANA Analytics
9 Lesson: Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
19 Lesson: Describing Report Creation Tools for Power Users and
Expert End Users
28 Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP
S/4HANA
29 Lesson: Describing the SAP Fiori Launchpad - High Level
Introduction
35 Lesson: Using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
43 Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
44 Lesson: Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
55 Lesson: Describing CDS Queries, Analytical Queries, and Transient Queries
63 Unit 4: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
64 Lesson: Setting Up the SAP Fiori Extensibility Tools
69 Lesson: Creating a Custom CDS View
84 Lesson: Using the Data Source Extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
90 Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
91 Lesson: Setting Up Analytical Queries - Features and Functions
99 Lesson: Describing Additional Aspects on Analytical Queries
105 Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
106 Lesson: Setting Up the Smart Business Framework
110 Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
125 Unit 7: Report Designer
126 Lesson: Building Graphical Visualizations of Reports using the Report Designer Apps
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133 Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
134 Lesson: Creating an APF Conﬁguration
142 Lesson: Creating an Analysis Path
150 Lesson: Launching the APF Conﬁguration in a KPI Tile
155 Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
156 Lesson: Using SAP Analysis for Oﬃce
163 Lesson: Using SAP Lumira Discovery
168 Lesson: Using SAP Lumira Designer
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Course Overview
TARGET AUDIENCE
This course is intended for the following audiences:
●Project Stakeholder
●Support Consultant
●Super / Key / Power User
●Application Consultant
●Program/Project Manager
●System Administrator
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UNIT 1SAP S/4HANA
Analytics - Next
Generation Reporting in
a Next Generation
Business Suite
Lesson 1
Introducing SAP S/4HANA Analytics 2
Lesson 2
Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs 9
Lesson 3
Describing Report Creation Tools for Power Users and Expert End Users 19
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Describe embedded and strategic analytics
●Describe the available SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
●Describe the available report creation tools
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Unit 1
Lesson 1
Introducing SAP S/4HANA Analytics
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe embedded and strategic analytics
Introduction to SAP S/4HANA Analytics
Figure 1: SAP HANA Evolution
For more than 20 years, organizations have been using specialist software (usually with
additional hardware) to extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from transactional systems to
dedicated reporting systems. Based on the technology available at the time, this was the
optimal way to provide an overall view of business data with good response times (especially
when you add accelerator software/hardware).
Online Transactional Processing (OLTP- transactional world) was separated from Online
Analytic Processing (OLAP analytical world). The reason for this lies in the database design
of OLTP and OLAP. Quite simply, a database model was either built for OLTP optimization or
OLAP optimization, but not both. This brought with it complexity, redundancy and of course
latency. It was usual for today’s business ﬁgures to be only available tomorrow for analysis
once the data was extracted and loaded to a reporting system. So, there was a huge
disconnect both in terms of the tools used (Report Writer/Painter, SAP List Viewer) and the
granularity of data available (most extractors aggregate data as they load to a data
warehouse).
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Databases that support SAP S/4HANA (SAP HANA) can handle both OLTP and OLAP
processing from a single data model and therefore we do not need to move transactional data
to a separate system. This means transactional and analytical applications run oﬀ the same
tables and data is available in real time at every level of detail. As a result, Extraction,
Transformation, and Loading (ETL), pre-computed aggregates, and materialized views
become obsolete.
Combining transactional and analytical systems into single in-memory platform provides the
following advantages:
●You get an instant insight on what is happening with the live data.
●There is only one copy of the data and so one single truth.
●A single in-memory platform means no ETL and batch processing.
Extraction to SAP BW is used to enable existing SAP BW extractors to also support Simple
Finance and other innovations in SAP S/4HANA.
With SAP S/4HANA, SAP does not plan to create more extractors because it is
straightforward to create new data sources based on existing Core Data Service (CDS) views
of the one semantic data model.
Figure 2: SAP S/4HANA Unique Value for IT and Users
SAP S/4HANA is a next-generation business suite built on SAP HANA with modern design
features.
SAP S/4HANA is built on SAP HANA and so we inherit all the capabilities of this powerful in-
memory data management and application platform. This includes advanced text mining,
predictive analysis, simulations, and powerful real-time decision support, with access to any
type of data in real time.
A brand new user experience is delivered to improve the productivity and satisfaction of
business users and brings the interface up to a consumer-grade experience optimized for any
device.
SAP S/4HANA can be deployed on premise or in the cloud or a combination of both to
provide ﬂexible consumption options to customers.
From an IT value perspective, SAP S/4HANA creates unique opportunities to simplify the
landscape.
Lesson: Introducing SAP S/4HANA Analytics
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SAP S/4HANA provides a personalized, responsive, and simple user experience that is
available on any device. This user experience means no more complex UIs and so the need for
training is reduced while increasing productivity.
In SAP S/4HANA, data models have been simpliﬁed to reduce data footprint and to enable
you to work with larger data sets in one system. This change saves on hardware and
operational costs and also saves you valuable time - no more indexes, aggregates, data
redundancies, and discrepancies between systems.
SAP S/4HANA is natively designed with SAP Fiori oﬀering an integrated user experience with
modern usability (for example, role-based, three steps max to get the job done, mobile-ﬁrst,
consistent experience across LoBs).
Figure 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics
SAP S/4HANA embedded analytics are part of the core SAP S/4HANA license. With
Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA, everything is on the same technical stack and uses the
same user interface.
SAP S/4HANA embedded analytics uses the technology of SAP ABAP Core Data Services to
create the Virtual Data Models (VDMs).
The Embedded Analytics tools can be broken down by the types of users at which they are
aimed, as follows:
●IT User for Core Data Service maintenance.
A CDS View is the foundation for all analytics, provided by SAP and extendable by
customers. IT users perform the maintenance. The developer creates the Virtual Data
Model (VDM) using the CDS views.
●Key User:
The key user uses the CDS views to create reports, apps, and dashboards.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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To address the need of the end users, key users involved in the modeling of KPIs and
drilldown and the power users, SAP provides a number of tools as part of the SAP S/
4HANA embedded analytics:
-Custom Analytical Queries: Used to develop customer queries.
-KPI Modeling Apps: Toolkit to build KPIs, associate them with drilldowns, and assign
them to tiles.
●End User:
The end user consumes the reports, apps, and dashboards created by the key user.
An end user is someone who is at the consumption end of SAP S/4HANA embedded
analytics, rather than working in the development area. End users are typically business users
who are IT literate and comfortable with reporting tools. For the end user SAP provides the
SAP Smart Business Cockpits with predeﬁned content for roles in Finance and Logistics and
an array of multi-dimensional reports and analytical SAP Fiori Apps.
●Multidimensional Reporting: ABAP Web Dynpro-based standard delivered reports with
ﬂexible slice-and-dice navigation features presented through SAP Fiori.
●SAP Smart Business Cockpits: SAP Fiori-based cockpits built using the KPI modeling apps
toolkit.
●Query Browser: SAP Fiori portal presenting standard and custom-created analytic queries
to allow ﬂexible slice and dice; based on a Design Studio template.
●Analytical SAP Fiori Apps: Any SAP Fiori application that presents concentrated analytics.
The advantages of SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics are:
●No latency
●No data duplication
●Great performance
●Ready-to-use content
●Integration scenarios with SAP BW
●Full ABAP lifecycle management integration
●Support for SAP ERP authorizations
●Support for SAP ERP hierarchies
●Part of the general extensibility concept
●Support for more business cases (analytics, search, fact sheets, planning, and so on)
Lesson: Introducing SAP S/4HANA Analytics
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Figure 4: Why Do We Need to Embed Analytics into SAP Fiori Apps with Transactional Content?
SAP S/4HANA is natively designed with SAP Fiori oﬀering an integrated user experience with
modern usability (for example, role-based, three steps max to get the job done, mobile-ﬁrst,
consistent experience across LoBs).The role-based approach is, therefore, the biggest
change in comparison with classic user interfaces.
A role-based user experience means that end users get all information and functions they
need for their daily work - but no more.
SAP Fiori decomposes big transactions into several discrete apps suited to the user roles. All
apps are connected to each other, so that all the tasks of the transaction are still possible.
However, they are only performed if the user wants them.
Embedded Analytics has its origins in two dominant themes, namely the SAP Fiori User
Experience and the merging of the transactional system (OLTP) and the analytical (OLAP)
systems.
The central theme of any analytical application in SAP S/4HANA begins with the context of
the persona or the role of the end user. Continuing our simpliﬁcation journey with user
experience for the end user, we bring all the relevant information and the context required by
the role in a personalized, visual and a responsive Launchpad.
Single entry point:
The SAP Fiori launchpad will be the single entry point to access all apps.
Domain speciﬁc information and actions:
Users quickly get an overview of what needs their attention with
Overview Pages,List Reports,
andWork Lists, can trigger quick actions or drill down to the next level of detail.
Enter details and explore in depth:
Key and diﬀerentiating use caseswill be re-imagined with the SAP Fiori user experience. All
“classic” transactionswill have the SAP Fiori visual theme.
So how does the embedded analytics diﬀer from the traditional analytics?
For starters we have a role based SAP Fiori Launchpad for the end user where the user is able
to view his transactional and the analytical apps that are most frequently used and is able to
seamlessly navigate between transactional and an analytical system which comes from a
single repository.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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The role-based access provides the user with the relevant context for decision making and
ﬁnally the end user would be able to complete the Insight to Action, from one system in real
time without the need for data replication.
Figure 5: SAP S/4HANA Embedded and Strategic Analytics
SAP S/4HANA Strategic Analytics tools are not part of the core SAP S/4HANA license. These
tools leverage the same foundation used by embedded analytics, which are CDS views.
They are used by dedicated BI users, who have to go beyond the capabilities of embedded
analytics.
Strategic analytics focus less on the operational analytics and more on a long-term,
aggregated view of business performance.
Strategic analytics include the following areas:
●SAP BW
Enterprise data warehouse used to consolidate multiple data sources, including SAP and
non-SAP, with advanced data staging, and ETL ﬂows with strong data ﬂow management.
Also capable of handling huge stores of data, with data lifecycle strategies.
●SAP Lumira Discovery
Powerful data-mashup and visualization tool, used to create story boards that can provide
insight where data is complex.
●SAP Lumira Designer
A developers’ tool used to create advanced analytical applications and dashboards that
can be presented on any device.
●Analysis for MS Oﬃce
MS Excel-based advanced, multidimensional OLAP tool used for unrestricted, deep
exploration of data.
●Other SAP BusinessObjects Tools
These tools include SAP Predictive Analytics, SAP BusinessObjects Web Intelligence, and
SAP Crystal Reports.
Lesson: Introducing SAP S/4HANA Analytics
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Note:
CDS views can be a data source to be consumed directly by the reporting tools.
They can also be used as a data source (extractor) to load BW DataStore objects.
These can then be the data source for all reporting tools shown in the ﬁgure.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe embedded and strategic analytics
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Unit 1
Lesson 2
Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP
Analytics UIs
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe the available SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
Overview of Available UIs for Analytics
Figure 6: Available UI Types and Analytical Floorplans in SAP S/4HANA
The ﬁgure, Available UI Types and Analytical Floorplans in SAP S/4HANA, gives an overview
of the available SAP S/4HANA and SAP BusinessObjects Analytics UI Types and the
necessary report creation tools.
Note:
If you are in an SAP S/4HANA Cloud system, the View Browser contains a link to
create Multi-Dimensional Reports. In the SAP S/4HANA, on-premise system, no
such link is available.
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Figure 7: When Do You Use Which Analytical Floorplan Type?
SAP Fiori has a simple user interface hierarchy, designed to make the user interaction easy
and intuitive. In general, the SAP Fiori launchpad is the main entry point.
All the apps available to a user are presented as tiles in the app ﬁnder, while the Home
Page shows a personalized view of tiles the user has selected.
Most app designs are based on one of two basic page layouts:
●Dynamic page layoutfor full screen
●Flexible column layouttypically with two or three columns.
The layout for a full screen page contains only one ﬂoorplan. The ﬂexible column layout can
also show two or even three ﬂoorplans next to each other. The term “ﬂoorplan”
represents diﬀerent layout types for whole pages. The ﬂoorplan deﬁnes the structure of the
controls used, and how to handle diﬀerent use cases.
The SAP S/4HANA UIs in the table above are ﬂoorplans.
Note:
TheEvent-based Revenue Recognition Projectsapp (App ID F2129) and the app
Event-based Revenue Recognition Sales Orders(App ID F2442) are good
example for the Analytical List Page and both also contain an Object Page.
TheProcess Collections Worklist for Accounts Receivable Accountantapp (App ID
F0380) is a good example for (Work-) List Report.
TheGeneral Ledger Overviewapp (App ID F2445) and theProject Proﬁtability
Overviewapp (App ID F2794) are good examples for Overview Page.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Figure 8: Analytical Floorplans An Impression
The ﬁgure, Analytical Floorplans An Impression, gives an idea what the diﬀerent ﬂoorplans
will look like.
TheAnalytical List Pageoﬀers dynamic data visualization and business intelligence
capabilities that enable users to analyze data step by step from diﬀerent perspectives. Users
can drill down to investigate a root cause, and act on transactional content.
TheObject Pageﬂoorplan allows the user to display, create, or edit an object. This is the
recommended ﬂoorplan for representing both simple and complex objects in SAP Fiori.
TheList Reportﬂoorplan enables users to view and work with a large set of items. It oﬀers
powerful features for ﬁnding and acting on relevant items.
TheOverview Pageis a data-driven SAP Fiori app type and ﬂoorplan that provides all the
information a user needs in a single page, based on the user’s speciﬁc domain or role. It
allows the user to focus on the most important tasks, and view, ﬁlter, and react to information
quickly.
Lesson: Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
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Figure 9: Multi-Dimensional Reports and Visualizations
With SAP S/4HANA 1709, multidimensional reporting is only available for SAP S/4HANA
Cloud. See SAP Note 2623507.
Using multidimensional reporting, a truly ﬂexible way of analyzing data is required (for
example, from rows to columns) as well as full ﬂexibility on hierarchies (more than one or also
in columns).
Multidimensional reporting includes all explorative analysis tasks, which focus on unexpected
business questions.
On-demand ﬁltering, pivoting, sorting, and rearranging of data in tabular or graphical UIs are
needed.
An SAP BusinessObjects Design Studio template is delivered.
Full SAP Fiori integration is available for multidimensional reporting:
●All reports are available via the SAP Fiori launchpad.
●Insight to action. Each report oﬀers the option to jump to numerous others.
●The context is passed in a generic way to the new application.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Figure 10: SAP Smart Business Cockpits
The SAP Smart Business modeler apps are a set of SAP Fiori apps that you use to create and
manage consistent KPIs across all your business apps (for example, reporting tools,
dashboards, and custom-built apps).
Smart Business Cockpits can be personalized and bring the analytics into the business
process when the user needs it.
Responsive
Bringing together transactions and analytics to close the gap between insight and action.
Helping users to act on real-time information.
Individualized
Oﬀering personalized role-based tailored KPIs, actionable insights, news feeds, and
tasks.
Seamless
Delivering the same real-time insights and user experience across desktops, mobiles,
and tablets.
Beautiful
Combining simplicity, ease of use, and functionality with a completely reimaged user
interface.
Lesson: Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
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Figure 11: Analysis Path Framework (APF)
Analysis Path Framework (APF) is a framework for creating interactive, chart-oriented
analytical drilldown apps by conﬁguration. APF-based apps enable the user to view and
analyze the data of several key performance indicators (KPIs) from diﬀerent data sources.
Users can interactively explore data step by step from diﬀerent perspectives to analyze and
investigate root causes. In each analysis step, you can investigate KPIs or measures and
select relevant data to ﬁlter the information provided in subsequent steps. By combining
diﬀerent analysis steps and applying ﬁlters, you interactively create your own ﬂexible analysis
path.
Strengths of APF
●It is a SAPUI5 library for interactive data exploration.
●It is easy to use. For a given data model, you can conﬁgure analysis steps in a modeler.
●It is integrated into SAP Fiori launchpad to deﬁne KPI tiles.
●The SAP Fiori interaction allows Insight to Action scenarios where the status of an APF
application is transferred to an SAP Fiori app. APF bridges the gap between analytics and
operations.
Advantages of APF:
APF applications are only conﬁguration. If the SAP data model is deﬁned, you can run APF
conﬁgurations on the ﬂy.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Figure 12: SAP Analytics Cloud
All necessary analytical functions can be found in one product in this multiple client public
cloud solution:
●Business Intelligence (BI) Planning
●Simulation/Forecast (Predictive Analytics)
●Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC)
SAP Analytics Cloud is especially focused on business users and ensures fast and simple
execution of analysis and planning of data. Instead of jumping between diﬀerent applications
and systems, they can refer to all necessary reports, models, and functions directly. The
business users can administer and direct the cloud solution by themselves even without
support from the IT department.
●It is seamlessly integrated in SAP on-premise and Cloud applications.
●It is integrated and supports modern hybrid scenarios with existing and non existing SAP
and Non-SAP solutions.
●It is administered in SAP data centers. Customers can decide from which data center they
want to use the application.
●It can also be implemented in a private cloud in the SAP data centers.
Thanks to the modern and intuitive user interface dashboards, data models, and allocations
can be set up per drag-and-drop. The user can analyze historic and real-time data at any
granular level and execute the necessary simulations and forecasts.
Eﬀective visualization tools allow you to present results with only few mouse clicks in
spreadsheets, dashboards and info graphics. Integrated workﬂows and communication tools
facilitate the communication. SAP Analytics Cloud also contains predictive tools and
functions for GRC.
The SAP Digital Boardroom for the management makes it easy to make business decisions in
real time and to put them into action. They can be visualized at once. The creation of Power
Point presentations is no longer necessary. The digital boardroom delivers all data worldwide
in any granularity - referring to the latest transaction data combined with market data and
market trends and only few mouse clicks are necessary.
Lesson: Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
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Additionally eﬀective simulation tools are delivered. They allow you to go through diﬀerent
scenarios about the future and the resulting consequences. For example, what would be the
eﬀects of sinking raw material prices or changes in currency rates on turnover and
contribution margin? With the help of value driver trees these questions can be answered at
once.
Figure 13: SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 2.0 One Product with Two Clients
SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 2.0 is the next generation analytics with SAP BusinessObjects
Lumira and SAP Design Studio converged into ONE tool. This convergence helps bring IT and
Business together for agile innovation through a consumer-grade UX and impressive
capability to access all data in the moment.
The new product has one combined server and two desktops, named respectively Designer
and Discovery, and all fully governed. The information consumer accesses via a browser.
It is the only visualization tool that combines both self-service analytics with professional and
authored dashboarding. It will be the only single solution for both data discovery and data-
blending, combined with enterprise, managed dashboarding.
Business users now can personalize enterprise dashboards, IT and power users can promote
business user visualizations into enterprise dashboards.
These two self-service analytics styles will now not only share a server component, but will
only have one ﬁle format. This means your business users can actively prototype their
analytics applications and dashboards in an easy, intuitive environment. When complex
navigation or integrated planning is required, for example, your power users can open the
exact same ﬁle in SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer to add that capability.
In SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 2.0, that SAP BusinessObjects Lumira and Design Studio
inherit each other's strong points.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Note:
While SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 1.3x didn’t have a live connection to SAP BW
and Design Studio could, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 2.0 now lets the user
choose between a live (data stays in BW) or an oﬀ-line connection. The same
applies for connecting to SAP HANA.
Interoperability
A story board with blended data created in Discovery is brought to Designer with a single-click
to professionalize it into an enterprise dashboard.
In other words: business users who create their necessary insights can have these promoted
towards and enterprise dashboard in an extremely easy way.
Note:
It’s possible to export a data source (query) in SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 2.0
into Analysis for Oﬃce including:
●Filter information
●Variable values
●Navigation status
●Only SAP HANA and BW as back end is supported
●SSO Support for BW and SAP HANA.
Figure 14: SAP Analysis for Oﬃce (AfO)
Analysis for Oﬃce is a Microsoft Excel add-in, with which you can run on-demand analysis of
OLAP sources in Microsoft Excel. It is seamlessly connected with SAP Business Warehouse
and SAP HANA to power real-time analytics, and share your ﬁndings by embedding BI into live
Microsoft PowerPoint presentations.
Lesson: Describing SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
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Using Analysis for Oﬃce, you can access Core Data Services (CDS) view based queries and
view the report.
SAP Lumira 2.0 is the next generation analytics with SAP BusinessObjects Lumira and
SAP Design Studio split into two tools.
XTrue
XFalse
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe the available SAP S/4HANA UIs and SAP Analytics UIs
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Unit 1
Lesson 3
Describing Report Creation Tools for Power
Users and Expert End Users
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe the available report creation tools
Overview of Report Creation Apps
Figure 15: Report Design Modeler
The reports created with the help theReport Design Modelerapps are based on the Analytical
List Page Floorplan-Template.
TheReport Modelertool contains ﬁx structures which means that you can’t change the
positions of objects in the reporting tool.
If you select a column in a graphic, the table values are ﬁltered.
TheReport Design Modelerapps are a set of SAP Fiori apps that you use to create and
manage reports.
Based on this report, you can then create an evaluation using theCreate Report Evaluation
app.
When you have created an evaluation, you must choose a tile to visualize the reports in the
Publish Reportapp. This lets you deﬁne how the tile appears in the runtime environment (for
example, the SAP Fiori launchpad). You must then deﬁne what happens when the SAP Report
Design user clicks the tile at runtime. You deﬁne this using theConﬁgure Report Drill-Down
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app. You can manage all reports and evaluations that are available in the system through the
Report Workspaceapp.
Report Design Modeler apps are used principally by data analysts or operations oﬃce
employees. Business knowledge is required to conﬁgure the drill-down views correctly and as
a result, theConﬁgure Report Drill-Downapp is used mainly by data analysts and power users
that are close to business users who beneﬁt from and use the drill-down views at runtime. In
addition, technical knowledge and alignment with development teams that build CDS views is
required to link a report to a data source and provide the required input parameters.
IT administrative knowledge is required to authorize users and roles for evaluations and to
deﬁne navigation targets for tiles. Therefore, theCreate Report Evaluation, andPublish Report
apps are used principally by IT personnel.
Figure 16: View Browser (in SAP S/4HANA on Premise) 1 of 3
The SAP S/4HANA embedded analytics view browser allows you to explore thousands of
VDM views without the need for technical skills and are therefore very well suited for Business
Users.
TheView Browseris used to explore the Core Data Service (CDS) views supplied by SAP and
created by customers.
With theView Browser, you can exploreallCDS view types: Basic, Composite and
Consumption (Consumption View as well as the Analytical Query). In theView Browser, you can search for any views and queries using a wide variety of
methods, such as by using ﬁeld names (show me views that refer to ﬁeld COSTCENTER) or by
application. Users can also tag views so they are easy to ﬁnd in a search by key words or
synonyms. You can also add views to your favorites so that you will only see the view that you
need for your job.
You can search for keywords in VDM views for the following:
●ID
●Description
●Application components
●Annotations
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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●Field names
●Database table names
●Tags
Figure 17: View Browser (in SAP S/4HANA on Premise) 2 of 3
TheView Browseralso provides detailed information on the deﬁnition, the annotations, and
cross references of the selected view. You can explore Associations among views.
Note:
Annotation @Analytics.Query: true is set.
Annotation @OData.publish: true is not set.
To use the Analytical Engine, the Analytical Query C_COSTCENTERPLANACTQ2001 from the
ﬁgure, View Browser (in SAP S/4HANA on Premise) 2 of 3, will have to be published ﬁrst.
Figure 18: View Browser (in SAP S/4HANA on Premise) 3 of 3
Lesson: Describing Report Creation Tools for Power Users and Expert End Users
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For Consumption Views of type Analytical Query Consumption Views, you can launch the
Data Preview which is a standard Design Studio template.
Figure 19: KPI Design Modeler
SAP Smart Business is the new user experience for SAP S/4HANA, combining modern
working models with a consumer-grade usability. This allows key roles to stay on top of their
business, make better and faster decisions by letting end users touch, analyze, share, and act
in real time.
SAP Fiori Smart Business enables customers to create their own analytical apps based on
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Using these selection criteria for business data, users can
visualize an evaluation using a drill-down, adapt the visualization of the data, apply ﬁlters and
facets, export the data to Microsoft Excel, and share everything as a tile or e-mail.
SAP Smart Business applications use SAP Fiori as a user interface and are a set of SAP Fiori
apps that you use to create and manage SAP Smart Business entities. Smart Business
Cockpits can be personalized and bring the analytics into the business process when the user
needs it.
Note:
The KPI modeler is only supported on desktop computers that are equipped with a
mouse or a similar pointing device.
In SAP S/4HANA, an additional app calledQuery Browseris available. It shows
CDS views, which are deﬁned as analytics queries and, therefore, act as a source
for KPIs conﬁguration.
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Figure 20: Query Browser for Ad-hoc Reporting
The Query Browser is a default Design Studio app that is available in the standard SAP Fiori
content. No additional installation is required as this application is shipped with the standard
SAP Fiori content.
The app has its own business catalog called SAP_CA_BC_VDM. The Query Browser is not part
of the default view in the SAP Fiori launchpad and it has to be added to the "My Home" group.
Note:
In contrast to the View Browser, the Query Browser can only show consumption
views that were annotated as Analytical Query and can therefore act as a source
for KPIs (in the KPI Design Modeler).
The Query Browser application allows the end user to select an Analytical Query and perform
on-demand reporting on it. The analytical query is speciﬁed via a URL parameter, so it is
possible to create a tile that directly starts the analytical query.
In the Query Browser, you see a long list of analytical queries. In real life, you will only work
with some of these. You can search for the required query and mark it as a favorite.
It is also possible to add a custom tag to the query, making it easier to ﬁnd the required query
again. Select View Name to see the details on the analytical query.
In View Details, the header shows the name, application component, tags, and the
description.
TheDeﬁnitiontab shows the technical details like Column Name, Data Element, Description,
Data Type, and Length of all columns.
TheAnnotationtab shows additional details about access control, Virtual Data Model (VDM)
view type, analytical query, end user label, and the ABAP catalog view name. The CDS in front
of the ABAP catalog view name means it is a CDS view.
ChooseOpen for Analysisto open this query in the SAP BusinessObjects Design Studio
template.
Lesson: Describing Report Creation Tools for Power Users and Expert End Users
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The query is then started in a SAP BusinessObjects Design Studio template and will prompt
you for the required query variables.
The resulting screen shows the selected data in a table and in a chart if you conﬁgure it. The
look and feel of this result page can be customized. The query can also be saved as an SAP
Fiori tile by clicking theActionsbutton on the bottom right and then selectSave as Tile. In the
Save as Tiledialog box, you can specify the Title and Subtitle to be displayed in the SAP Fiori
launchpad.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe the available report creation tools
Unit 1: SAP S/4HANA Analytics - Next Generation Reporting in a Next Generation Business Suite
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Unit 1
Learning Assessment
1. SAP Lumira 2.0 is the next generation analytics with SAP BusinessObjects Lumira and
SAP Design Studio split into two tools.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. The term “ﬂoorplan” represents diﬀerent layout types for whole pages. The ﬂoorplan
deﬁnes the structure of the controls used, and how to handle diﬀerent use cases.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. In contrast to the View Browser,onlythe Query Browser can show consumption views
that were annotated as Analytical Query and can therefore act as a source for KPIs (in the
KPI Design Modeler).
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
4. The Report Design Modeler apps are a set of SAP Fiori apps that you use to create and
manage KPIs.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 1
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. SAP Lumira 2.0 is the next generation analytics with SAP BusinessObjects Lumira and
SAP Design Studio split into two tools.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. SAP BusinessObjects Lumira 2.0 is the next generation analytics with SAP
BusinessObjects Lumira and SAP Design Studio combined into ONE tool.
2. The term “ﬂoorplan” represents diﬀerent layout types for whole pages. The ﬂoorplan
deﬁnes the structure of the controls used, and how to handle diﬀerent use cases.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The term “ﬂoorplan” represents diﬀerent layout types for whole pages. The
ﬂoorplan deﬁnes the structure of the controls used, and how to handle diﬀerent use cases.
3. In contrast to the View Browser,onlythe Query Browser can show consumption views
that were annotated as Analytical Query and can therefore act as a source for KPIs (in the
KPI Design Modeler).
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. In contrast to the View Browser,onlythe Query Browser can show consumption
views that were annotated as Analytical Query and can therefore act as a source for KPIs
(in the KPI Design Modeler).
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4. The Report Design Modeler apps are a set of SAP Fiori apps that you use to create and
manage KPIs.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The Report Design Modeler apps are a set of SAP Fiori apps that you use to
create and manage reports.
Unit 1: Learning Assessment - Answers
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UNIT 2SAP Fiori Basic
Knowledge A
Prerequisite for
Reporting in SAP S/
4HANA
Lesson 1
Describing the SAP Fiori Launchpad - High Level Introduction 29
Lesson 2
Using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer 35
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Describe the beneﬁts of SAP Fiori
●List the main conﬁguration elements of the SAP Fiori Launchpad and describe how they
work together
●Conﬁgure a catalog and a group using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
●Create a role that refers to your catalog and group
●Use the diﬀerent possibilities to empty the cache
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Unit 2
Lesson 1
Describing the SAP Fiori Launchpad - High
Level Introduction
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe the beneﬁts of SAP Fiori
●List the main conﬁguration elements of the SAP Fiori Launchpad and describe how they
work together
SAP Fiori Launchpad Overview
Figure 21: SAP Fiori UX Role-Based Applications
SAP Fiori oﬀers a uniﬁed user experience for a variety of clients. Users should have a
consistent, coherent, simple, intuitive, and delightful user experience on all devices to be able
to work better and more eﬃciently. These ﬁve design principles of SAP Fiori are at the core of
every SAP Fiori app to fulﬁll these goals.
The SAP Fiori launchpad is the single-entry point for the user to interact with the system.
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It is role-based and person centric. The role-based approach is the biggest change in
comparison with classic user interfaces. A role-based user experience means that end users
have all the information and functions they need for their daily work, but no more. The classic
SAP User Interface (UI) often oﬀers a single complex transaction for many user roles. The
tasks of a single user then make it necessary to use multiple transactions or additional
applications.
As SAP Fiori is browser-based, it works with multiple operating systems and all modern
browser applications on multiple platforms.
It oﬀers active tiles, through which you can get updated information directly from the
launchpad front page without even opening the application.
SAP Fiori decomposes these big transactions in several discrete apps suited to the user roles.
All apps are connected to each other so all the tasks of the transaction are still possible.
However, they are only performed if the user really wants them. The SAP Fiori launchpad then
serves as the central entry-point for all of the apps of a user.
SAP Fiori is, therefore, a shift from monolithic solutions to activity-based apps and a role-
based simpliﬁcation of business processes.
Figure 22: SAP Fiori Apps Reference Library
SAP Fiori apps can be categorized by line of business, industry, and most important user role,
as well as technical foundation.
All available apps can be explored using the SAP Fiori apps reference library. You can ﬁnd the
SAP Fiori apps reference library here:http://www.sap.com/ﬁori-apps-library.
Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP S/4HANA
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Figure 23: SAP Fiori Launchpad
The SAP Fiori launchpad is a shell that hosts SAP Fiori apps, and provides services such as
navigation, personalization, and the App Finder.
End users can personalize their own variant of the SAP Fiori launchpad. The settings can be
accessed via theMe Area. The user can personalize the layout of the home page, by grouping,
moving, and removing tiles. The user can also add, delete, rename, and reorder groups. To
add tiles to groups, the launchpad provides a tile catalog, which displays all the tiles that are
available to a user.
The SAP Fiori launchpad is the entry point to SAP Fiori apps on mobile and desktop devices.
Figure 24: SAP Fiori Launchpad Elements: Tile, Catalog, Group, and Role
As well as changing general settings, such as language, users can rearrange groups and tiles,
create new groups, and add or delete tiles to or from an existing group.
Atileconnects the SAP Fiori launchpad with the app implementation in the system. This
includes starting the correct app with the correct parameters and the information shown on
the tile.
Lesson: Describing the SAP Fiori Launchpad - High Level Introduction
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A tile is a container that represents an app on the SAP Fiori launchpad home page. All apps
have at least one tile.
Tiles are only used for launching apps and presenting them on the launchpad.
Tiles can contain an icon, a tile, an information text, numbers, and charts.
There are various types of tiles:
●KPI tile
●Comparison Chart tile
●Mini-Charts like Bullet Chart, Trend Chart, Column Chart
●Basic Launch tile
●Monitoring tile
●SAP Jam tile
●Feed tile
Tiles are created and organized incatalogsthat collect all apps of one solution area. The
catalogs hold all technical information to start an application.
The users can access the tile catalog directly from the launchpad home page. To show a tile in
the SAP Fiori launchpad, it must be embedded in agroup.
Groups can be created centrally in the system and then added to the launchpad, or the user can create an own group and add tiles from catalogs.
Groups do not add any additional settings to the tiles and have no direct connection to the
apps.
Both catalogs and groups can then be assigned to user roles (transactionPFCG). This works
like adding transactions to user roles and grants the user role access to all tiles of the catalog
or group.
Figure 25: Semantic Object Action
Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP S/4HANA
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There are many SAP Fiori Apps on the market, and they all have the SAP Fiori launchpad as a
single entry point. The SAP Fiori launchpad needs a mechanism to determine which of the
SAP Fiori apps it has to launch, and how to ﬁnd the details to launch that application.
A semantic object is the way to navigate from SAP Fiori launchpad to SAP Fiori app. When you
select a tile, there is a semantic object and action associated with that tile. The launchpad
takes that semantic object and action to determine which application to launch, and then calls
a service to fetch details about how to launch that application.
Semantic Objectsrepresent a business entity, such as a customer, a sales order, or a cost
center. Using semantic objects, you can bundle applications that reﬂect a speciﬁc scenario. They allow you to refer to objects in a standardized way, abstracting from concrete
implementations of these objects. You can either use semantic objects shipped by SAP, or
create new semantic objects.
A list of all semantic objects delivered by SAP can be accessed using the transaction/UI2/
SEMOBJ_SAP. If customers want to deﬁne their own semantic objects, they can do so using
the transaction/UI2/SEMOBJ. By deﬁning an entry with the same key, customers can
overwrite the attributes of a semantic object delivered by SAP.
Figure 26: Intent-Based Navigation
The most important part of a tile is its navigation information, which contains an intent that
connects to atarget mapping. An intent is short for intention and consists of a semantic
object like a cost center and an action like display.
If the user wants to see the details of a cost center, their intention is to display a cost center.
SAP Fiori adds this intention behind the FLP URL separated by a # to call a target mapping
having this intent deﬁned. By that it is possible to call an application using HTTP without
showing the real URL of the application, but, instead, mapping the request to an internally
deﬁned target.
Intent-based navigation is highly ﬂexible. It is not important how the intent is created. It can be
a tile in the FLP or any other function in any other app the user is working with.
Lesson: Describing the SAP Fiori Launchpad - High Level Introduction
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Apps need to start a navigation using an intent and the target mapping available for the
current user is called. Which intent is called depends on the user role of the user starting the
navigation. That means that the same intent can lead to diﬀerent results for diﬀerent users.
Conclusion
Target mappingscontain the information about which app to start, with what parameters, and
on what device types. They are identiﬁed by its intent, the combination of semantic object and action. If the user chooses a tile, the intent-based navigation deﬁned in the tile is started. The suitable target mapping then calls the target app that is deﬁned.
In the target mapping a navigation target is mapped to the combination of a semantic object
and an action, also known as an intent. A target mapping contains the intent, the navigation
target, the device types supported by the target, and additional parameters.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe the beneﬁts of SAP Fiori
●List the main conﬁguration elements of the SAP Fiori Launchpad and describe how they
work together
Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP S/4HANA
© Copyright. All rights reserved. 34Librer?a ERm https://libreriaerp.com/us [email protected] Librer?a ERm https://libreriaerp.com/us [email protected]

Unit 2
Lesson 2
Using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Conﬁgure a catalog and a group using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
●Create a role that refers to your catalog and group
●Use the diﬀerent possibilities to empty the cache
SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
Figure 27: SAP Fiori Launchpad Designer
The SAP Fiori LaunchPad designer is used to manage catalogs, groups, and tiles. It is the
standard tool for:
●Conﬁguring the tiles for static app launchers, dynamic app launchers, and target mapping.
●Creating pre-conﬁgured groups and catalogs for the home page.
●Transporting the conﬁgurations via correction requests or packages or customizing
workbench.
The launchpad designer is designed to work optimally on the desktop. This application can be
launched in any of the following browsers:
●Internet Explorer 9 and above
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●Safari
●Mozilla Firefox
●Google Chrome
Figure 28: Create a Catalog and Reference Tiles from Other Catalogs (1 of 2)
Catalogs can be created by clicking the plus symbol in the lower left corner of the catalog
overview. This opens a dialog box for entering the catalog title and technical ID and specifying
if the catalog should be pulled from another system as a remote catalog.
The catalog title can be changed at a later point via the pencil next to the heading of the
catalog, but not the catalog ID.
Catalogs created by customers should start with Z_ and contain the shortage Business
Catalog (BC).
Note:
The catalog ID has to be written in capital letters.
Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP S/4HANA
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Figure 29: Create a Catalog and Reference Tiles from Other Catalogs (2 of 2)
SAP delivers numerous catalogs containing many tiles and target mappings. All deﬁnitions
are tested and distinguish, for example, the diﬀerent device types the app is working in or
include dynamic information in the tiles. All of these can also be referenced in other catalogs
such as a new one created by a customer.
To create a reference of a tile or a target mapping, select it and chooseCreate Referencein
the lower part of the SAP Fiori launchpad designer. A dialog box then appears with a request
for the target catalog. This is followed by a success message if all works correctly.
Figure 30: Create a Group and Add Tiles and Links from Catalogs (1 of 2)
Groups can be created by clicking the plus symbol in the lower left corner of the group
overview. This opens a dialog box for entering a group title and technical ID and specifying if
users are allowed to change the group using personalization.
The group title and group personalization can be changed at a later point via the pencil next to
the heading of the group, but not the group ID.
Lesson: Using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
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Groups delivered by SAP follow the naming schema SAP_<area>_BCG_<topic>. Groups
created by customers should start with Z_ and contain the shortage BCG (Business Catalog
Group).
Note:
The group ID must be written in capital letters.
Figure 31: Create a Group and Add Tiles and Links from Catalogs (2 of 2)
Catalogs can also be referenced in the launchpad designer to create a copy of the catalog
consisting of references to tiles and target mappings of the source catalog. It is a good
starting point when deﬁning your own catalogs to start with referencing a catalog shipped by
SAP. If SAP ships a new version of a catalog, all references immediately use the new version.
To create a reference of a tile or a target mapping, select it and chooseCreate Referencein
the lower part of the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer. A dialog box then appears with a request
for the target catalog. This is followed by a success message if all works correctly.
Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP S/4HANA
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Figure 32: Assign Catalog and Group to a Role
Catalogs and Groups can be added to user roles using the role maintenance transaction
PFCG. In theMenutab, use the small triangle beside theTransactionbutton and chooseSAP
Fiori Tile CatalogorSAP Fiori Tile Group. In the dialog box that appears, enter the Catalog ID
and continue. If you had selected theSAP Fiori Tile Group, enter the group ID in the dialog box
that appears and continue.
Note:
If a newly-created group is not available in the dialog box, restart the PFCG.
Figure 33: How to Empty the Cache
After changes in the SAP Fiori launchpad, and when the end user works in the SAP Fiori
launchpad, it is often helpful to empty the cache. There are two ways to empty the cache.
Both are described in the ﬁgure, How to Empty the Cache.
Lesson: Using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
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Possibility 1 deletes the cache for all open web pages. Possibility 2 only deletes the cache for
the web page for which you execute the refresh.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Conﬁgure a catalog and a group using the SAP Fiori LaunchPad Designer
●Create a role that refers to your catalog and group
●Use the diﬀerent possibilities to empty the cache
Unit 2: SAP Fiori Basic Knowledge A Prerequisite for Reporting in SAP S/4HANA
© Copyright. All rights reserved. 40Librer?a ERm https://libreriaerp.com/us [email protected] Librer?a ERm https://libreriaerp.com/us [email protected]

Unit 2
Learning Assessment
1. Groups can contain an icon, a tile, an information text, numbers, and charts.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. There are various types of tiles: - KPI Tile - Comparison Chart Tile - Mini-Charts like Bullet
Chart, Trend Chart, Column Chart - Basic Launch Tile - Monitoring Tile - SAP Jam Tile -
Feed Tile.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. Actions represent business entities.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
4. An intent consists of a semantic object like a cost center and an action like Sales Order.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 2
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. Groups can contain an icon, a tile, an information text, numbers, and charts.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. Tiles can contain an icon, a tile, an information text, numbers, and charts.
2. There are various types of tiles: - KPI Tile - Comparison Chart Tile - Mini-Charts like Bullet
Chart, Trend Chart, Column Chart - Basic Launch Tile - Monitoring Tile - SAP Jam Tile -
Feed Tile.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. There are various types of tiles: - KPI Tile - Comparison Chart Tile - Mini-Charts
like Bullet Chart, Trend Chart, Column Chart - Basic Launch Tile - Monitoring Tile - SAP
Jam Tile - Feed Tile.
3. Actions represent business entities.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. Semantic Objects represent business entities.
4. An intent consists of a semantic object like a cost center and an action like Sales Order.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. An intent consists of a semantic object like a cost center and an action like
display.
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UNIT 3SAP S/4HANA
Embedded Analytics
Architecture
Lesson 1
Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM) 44
Lesson 2
Describing CDS Queries, Analytical Queries, and Transient Queries 55
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Describe the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
●Describe how to publish, release, and activate an OData Service for an Analytical Query
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Unit 3
Lesson 1
Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
Virtual Data Model and CDS View Types
Figure 34: Remove Complexity with SAP S/4HANA
Traditional applicationswere built on a hierarchical data model. Detailed data was
summarized into higher-level layers of aggregates to help system performance. On top of
aggregates, we built more aggregates and special versions of the database tables to support
special applications. So, as well as storing the extra copies of data, we also had to build
application code to maintain extra tables and keep them up-to-date. Database indexes
improve access speed, because they are based on common access paths to data. However,
they must be dropped constantly and rebuilt each time the tables are updated and, therefore,
more code is required to manage this process.
The traditional data model is complex, and a complex data model causes the application code
to be complex. It has been found that up to 70% of application code is built speciﬁcally for
performance of an application and adds no value to the core business function. With a
complex data model and complex code, integration with other applications and
enhancements are diﬃcult. They are simply not agile.
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Using the raw power of SAP HANA, we can aggregate on the ﬂy, in milliseconds, from any line
item table. We don't need pre-built aggregates. SAP HANA can generate any view of the data
at runtime, all from the same source tables.
SAP HANAorganizes data using column stores, which means indexes are usually not needed,
they can still be created but usually oﬀer only minor improvement.
So, in addition to losing the aggregates and indexes from the database, we can remove huge
amounts of application code that deals with aggregates and indexes. We are left with a
simpliﬁed core data model and also simpliﬁed application code. Now, it is much easier to
enhance the applications and integrate additional functions.
The simpliﬁed data model reduces the redundancy of data, so more space is available to keep
a longer data history. The simpliﬁed data model reduces the number of tables, making it
easier to create Virtual Data Models.
Figure 35: SAP S/4HANA Real-Time Analytics Architecture
With SAP Business Suite powered by SAP HANA, SAP started blending transactions and
analytics allowing operational reporting on live transactional data.
SAP S/4HANA comes with pre-built content in the form of SAP Core Data Services for real-
time operational reporting. The content is represented as a virtual data model (VDM), which is
based on the transactional and master data tables of SAP S/4HANA. The enabler of
Embedded Analytics is the Virtual Data Model realized in SAP S/4HANA by Core Data
Services.
Core Data Services (CDS)is an infrastructure that can be used by database developers to
create the underlying (persistent) data model, which the application services expose to UI clients.
With CDS, you deﬁne a persistence model that includes objects such as tables, views, and
structured types. The database objects specify what data to make available for consumption
by applications and how that data is made available.
CDS views are built using the ABAP editor for Eclipse using the ABAP Development Tools
(ADT) in Eclipse of the SAP S/4HANA System. They are stored in the ABAP repository. When
the CDS view is activated, an SQL-Runtime-View is generated in the SAP HANA database in
order to actually execute the data read and transformation inside the SAP HANA Database
Layer.
Lesson: Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
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The beneﬁts of CDS views are:
●All ﬁeld names in CDS Views are named in English, for example COSTCENTER instead of
KOSTL. All texts are language-dependent which means that the German user will see
Kostenstelle, the English user will see Cost Center, and so on.
●CDS Views are not application-speciﬁc but across-applications due to Joins but without
redundant physical data.
●Build consistent calculations like deviations, margins, and so on.
●Full ABAP-integration, allowing for instance the re-use of existing reporting authorizations.
The runtime for CDS Views is ABAP, so an SAP NetWeaver stack is required to execute CDS
views. SAP S/4HANA is built on an SAP NetWeaver stack, so it is perfectly suited to this
scenario.
The SAP focus is to create a Virtual Data Model using Core Data Services (CDS views) to
support (and replace all other standard ABAP-related standard) operational reporting in the
context of SAP S/4HANA.
Note:
SAP S/4HANA Analytics supports not only generic operational OLAP reporting,
but also scenarios of built-in Analytics for hybrid transactional and analytical
applications (for example, SAP Embedded BW or SAP Smart Business Cockpits),
based on the same models. So, we can also use the Analytical Engine (built-in BW
functionality) to support elaborate hierarchy display. Integration with BW is also
available.
Figure 36: The Virtual Data Model - A Foundation for SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics
The core data model was greatly simpliﬁed for SAP S/4HANA. Huge numbers of tables that
were used for materialized aggregations and unnecessary indexes have been removed.
Hierarchical models have been ﬂattened down to the line item. We store only what is
absolutely needed, and nothing else. Database tables are generally not built for direct
consumption by analytical applications. They do not have to be beautiful and, in fact, many
tables are complex and ugly. However, they were never meant to be on show.
The reason that tables are ugly is that the main goal of a table model is to provide a physical
store of data, and this does not take the consumption of analytical applications into account.
Optimal storage is the main goal, and this cannot always coexist with beauty. However, this
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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eﬃcient core data model is too complex for direct consumption by analytic applications that
need more business context to explain the meaning of the data.
A layer that sits above the application tables is needed. This is a logical layer that exposes
business-ready views of the table data and adds extra meaning to the data, such as how it can
be consumed (transactional or analytic), how the measures should be aggregated, and which
measures are currently relevant. This layer is called the Virtual Data Model (VDM) and it uses
ABAP-managed core data services (CDS) which are developed, maintained, and extended in
the ABAP layer of the SAP S/4HANA system.
A Virtual Data Model (VDM) is a hierarchy of views, in which each layer adds more business
context, until the top layer is consumed by the application. The lowest VDM layer sits on top
of the database tables and consumes the most important data directly from the tables. The
next VDM layer consumes from the ﬁrst virtual layer to reﬁne the data, apply ﬁlters, add
calculations, convert currencies, change the description of the columns, and so on. There is
no technical, ﬁxed limit to the number of layers in a VDM. However, for consistency and
governance, the number of layers and their purpose are usually well-deﬁned.
The VDM represents the simpliﬁed and harmonized business-oriented model. The term
"Virtual" refers to the fact that the VDM may deviate from the traditional persistent model of
database tables, in a way that makes it easier to understand. The VDM is a semantic model of
the application data, represented in ABAP CDS views. The VDM is a reusable, stable, and
compatible platform for SAP internal development, partners, and customers, increasing
development eﬃciency and fostering ease of consumption.
This additional layer makes it possible for the diﬀerent applications and frontend tools to
reuse the coding and database logic created in the VDM, simplifying the implementation of
new features and keeping the costs down.
The VDM presents the business data of an SAP system as an understandable,
comprehensive, and executable model for consumers in transactional and analytical
applications and external Interfaces.
The VDM has the following beneﬁts:
●Improved performance
●Extensibility
●Security and privacy
●Consistency
The virtual data model contains views that are fully reusable in any application, and can be
extended by customers. At all layers, extensions can be added. Customers can also add their
own views at any layer and combine them with SAP-delivered views.
This layering model is strictly enforced by SAP to provide governance and promote controlled
extensibility.
Lesson: Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
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Figure 37: Layers in the Virtual Data Model - High Level on VDM
The key principle of the virtual data model is to build a semantic layer on top of the existing
database model, so CDS views in the VDM are built in layers. Technically, all views are deﬁned
as ABAP Core Data Services (CDS) views. The idea is to provide a set of base layer views
(called private views) to oﬀer a high degree of reusability of common views. Then you
combine these private views to make them more useful at the next layer (interface views).
The most important component in the VDM is the Interface View. It consists of a consistent
model of reusable entity views, which focus on business semantics. Interface views are
subdivided into two view types: the Basic interface views and the Composite interface views.
Basic (Interface) Viewsform the low-redundancy model on top of the Suite database tables.
They are deﬁned independent of their potential consumers. Core entity views contain the associations to other core entity views. They are further categorized into Core Entity views, Text views, and Hierarchy views. Core Entity views carry business semantics, along with all
data that semantically belongs to the Core Entity. Independent from clients, Core Entity views
contain the keys that represent the core entity. Core Entity views also contain the
associations to all other business objects ('external relationships') and to the other directly-
related BO nodes if they exist ('internal BO structure'). The Core Entity views are often used
for master data like Cost Center, Controlling Area.
Text views contain language-dependent texts for a speciﬁc business entity. Hierarchy views
contain hierarchy nodes (including parent/child assignments) for a speciﬁc business entity.
The following rules apply to Basic Interface views:
●They expose all relevant business data.
●They are free of redundancies.
●They can directly access database tables and other basic views.
●They can have associations to other basic views.
Analytical data categories are as follows:
●#DIMENSION
●#FACT
●#CUBE
●#HIERARCHY
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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●#TEXT
Composite (Interface) Viewsmust not directly access database tables. You have several
Basic Interface views for the Virtual Data Model. These basic views now need to be combined
in a Composite view, that will allow cube-like reporting. Composite Interface views can be
recognized by the fact that they do not connect directly to the database tables. The
Composite view only use the Basic Views and data provided by the associations in the Basic
Views.
They may project, calculate, join, ﬁlter, and aggregate data based on Basic views or other
Interface views. Composite views can have associations to other Basic or Composite views
and so a Composite view provides data derived and/or composed from the other Basic views.
Multiple analytical queries may be based on the same analytical view. It is therefore expected
that an analytical view is rather broadly deﬁned containing a lot of even redundant
information.
The following rules apply to Composite Interface views:
●They can access Basic views and other Composite views.
●By nature, they introduce data redundancy.
●They should be reusable.
●They can have associations to other basic views.
Analytical data categories are as follows:
●#CUBE
●#DIMENSION
●#FACT
●#HIERARCHY
●#TEXT
Composite Interface views can be recognized by the fact that they do not connect directly to
the database tables.
In the top layer, the
Consumption Viewsare deﬁned. Consumption views are created on top of
Interface views, and they address speciﬁc application requirements. They add more
semantics (such as ﬁlters) to provide a view that is optimal for consumption by the
application code or analytic engine (consumption view).
An important consequence of the layered architecture of the VDM view model is that
database tables must not be accessed directly by consumer views of the VDM, by-passing the
Interface layer.
Lesson: Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
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Figure 38: Consumption Views
A Consumption View can be a Consumption View/CDS View or a CDS Query. CDS Queries
have the same functionality as CDS Views but since the CDS Query uses the Analytical
Engine, more complex calculations in the ABAP Analytical Engine are possible at runtime.
Note:
As a BW component the Analytical Engine is available in Business Suite SAP S/
4HANA and you can work with Pivot tables, hierarchies, aggregations, formula
calculations and so on. This functionality is not (yet) available in SAP HANA.
What makes a consumption view a CDS Query - alternatively called Analytical Query or
Transient Query?
If in the Consumption View, the annotation @Analytics.query: true is set, the consumption
view is an Analytical Query. The report is executed in the Analytical Engine. In this case, it is
also necessary to expose the Consumption CDS view as an OData Service. This Service
enablement is expressed in annotation @OData.publish: true. Once the service is registered,
you have the oData Service available for consumption in the browser which means the entire
tables are available as an oData Service for generating or developing the UI artifacts.
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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Note:
In general,Annotationsexpress aspects that are intended to be exposed to, and
interpreted/evaluated by, consumers of the model and are not already covered by
the plain CDS model itself. They enrich the data models with additional (domain-
speciﬁc) metadata.
Annotations are added to the native SQL to enrich the data when it arrives at the
ABAP layer. The annotations describe how the view can be used (for example, for
OLAP use only), restrictions (for example, for country France only), and business
context (for example, this account is a supplier, not a customer). Therefore, they
are important CDS extensions to the core SQL view model.
When the CDS source code is activated, the metadata deﬁned by the annotations
is saved in internal database tables in ABAP Dictionary. These tables can then be
accessed to evaluate the data. This is done for every annotation with the correct
syntax regardless of name and value.
For more information on CDS view:http://help.sap.com/hana/
SAP_HANA_Core_Data_Services_CDS_Reference_en.pdf.
Figure 39: Front-End Tools and Consumption Views
On the top layer of the Virtual Data Model (VDM), Consumption Views are deﬁned. They can
be used by diﬀerent front-end tools.
Lesson: Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
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Note:
All front ends, except for the SAP BusinessObjects Analytics UIs like Analysis for
Oﬃce, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira
Designer, SAP Analytics Cloud, and Multidimensional Reporting, can, alternatively,
be built on top of Consumption Views and CDS Queries.
The decision to either directly report on the Consumption CDS View or on top of a
CDS Query is, therefore, based on the question of whether or not you need the
Analytical Engine.
If the Analytical Engine is not needed, you should build your reporting on the
Consumption CDS View directly. This has a positive eﬀect on the performance.
The Analytical Engine produces an overhead of 300 milliseconds, and, in addition,
a View can be used in further views.
In other words, only use the Analytical Query for complex calculations that cannot be set up in
SAP HANA Eclipse, or if you want to use one of the SAP BusinessObjects Analytics UIs.
Figure 40: Virtual Data Models (VDM) or Embedded BW for SAP S/4HANA Analytics Reporting?
Using Embedded BW for Reporting instead of Virtual Data Model (VDM) has the following
disadvantages:
●No Extensibility is possible. The Extensibility Tool used in Planning is only a workaround.
●No Power User Tools can be used.
●IT department creates BW Queries and until created and transported it often takes too
much time until the end user in the LoB can use the Queries. Using the VDM Reporting
tools instead Business Users can create reports by themselves when needed and the end
users can consume the report immediately.
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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Note:
Content CDS Views for Actual/Plan comparison are delivered. All Content CDS
Views only read plan data from transparent table ACDOCP.
SAP BW has been included in SAP ERP systems automatically since SAP
NetWeaver 7.0 and is called Embedded BW.
Embedded BW supports all BW native functionality and also certain business processes in the
SAP Business Suite and in SAP S/4HANA, for example, SAP BPC Optimized for SAP S/
4HANA.
However, embedded BW refers to BW on SAP HANA, and not SAP BW/4HANA. The version of
BW used in the embedded scenario is SAP BW 7.5 (BW on SAP HANA), which is not on the
innovation codeline and is missing the improvements already delivered with BW/4HANA.
There are currently no plans to enable SAP BW/4HANA for embedded BW.
Figure 41: Dependency Analyzer
Using the Dependency Analyzer in the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP HANA Studio, you get a
top-down sight on the structure of the Virtual Data Model (VDM).
In the example above, the Consumption View of type Analytical Query
C_ProﬁtAndLossPlanAct2903 is linked to Interface View I_ActualPlanJrnEntryItemCube. This
interface view is linked to the next Interface View I_ActualPlanJournalEntryItem, which is
linked to Private View P_ActualPlanJrnEntryItm. This Private View is a Basic View that refers
to database ACDOCA.
Looking at the complete Virtual Data Model for this Content Analytical Query, you can see
that it reads data from ACDOCA and ACDOCP in parallel.
Note:
This content Analytical query has not been published yet. You can see this since
annotation @OData.publish: true is missing in the SQL script in the ﬁgure,
Dependency Analyzer.
Lesson: Describing the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
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Figure 42: Data Dictionary
You can also check the View in the Data Dictionary using transaction SE80.
Note:
In the Data Dictionary, it is read-only. Editing a view in general is only possible in
Eclipse.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe the Virtual Data Model (VDM)
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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Unit 3
Lesson 2
Describing CDS Queries, Analytical Queries,
and Transient Queries
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe how to publish, release, and activate an OData Service for an Analytical Query
Analytical Query - Release and Publish
Figure 43: Scenario 1: Duplicate Content Analytical Query, Add Missing Annotation, and Release and Publish
Query (1 of 2)
Note:
All Content Analytical Queries are delivered without publishing annotation.
The ﬁrst concept to publish an Analytical Query is described in the two Scenario 1 ﬁgures.
As adeveloper, you do this when, as well as publishing, you want to set up complex
calculations in the ABAP Analytical Engine and add further annotations.
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Figure 44: Scenario 1: Duplicate Content Analytical Query, Add Missing Annotation, and Release and Publish
Query (2 of 2)
After the activation, the Custom Analytical Query has to be released.
Note:
When a CDS View has the status released, ﬁelds can no longer be removed from
this view. As a consequence, the administrator can be sure that, when upgrading
the system, none of these ﬁelds will be missing in the CDS View after the upgrade.
Therefore, releasing a view is a kind of stability contract.
When the Analytical Query is released, use transaction/N/IWFND/MAINT_SERVICE in your
Frontend/Gateway system. Here, you can activate the OData Service in ABAP and add it to
the Service Catalog. To do so, do the following:
1.Choose theAdd Servicebutton.
2.Select the (back-end) system alias to which the service needs to be connected in the System Aliasﬁeld.
3.Search the OData Service name of your Custom Analytical Query according to the following naming convention: <CDS view name>_CDS in ﬁeld “Technical Service Name”.
4.From the result list, select your service and chooseAdd Selected Service.
This activates the OData Service and adds it to the Service Catalog.
Note:
If the Analytical Query is not released, the search function in theACTIVATE AND
MAINTAIN SERVICEStransaction will not ﬁnd the Analytical Query, and the query
can’t be published.
More information about using OData services can be found onhttp://www.odata.org.
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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Figure 45: Scenario 2: Copy the Content Analytical Query, Adapt, Publish and Release It, Activate the Service.
As a key user, you can copy the content Analytical Query using the Custom Analytical Queries
app.
If necessary, you adapt the query. By publishing, the annotation is automatically added to the
SQL code of the Custom Analytical Query.
Note:
It is not possible to manually add the annotation to the SQL code in Eclipse when
the Analytical Query is “created” using the Custom Analytical Query app.
Finally, release the Custom Analytical Query and then activate the OData Service.
TheCustom Analytical Queriesapp transforms and organizes raw data delivered from
business documents into a meaningful grid. It abstracts the process of writing structured
queries in such a way that you don’t have to understand the query language or the technical
details.
Lesson: Describing CDS Queries, Analytical Queries, and Transient Queries
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Figure 46: Scenario 3: Create a Custom Analytical Query from Scratch Referring to Underlying Interface View.
Publish and Release It. Activate the Service.
As a key user, you can refer to an Interface View and create the Analytical Query from scratch
using theCustom Analyticalapp. When publishing it, the @OData Service: true annotation is
automatically added to the SQL code of the Custom Analytical Query.
Note:
It is not possible to add the annotation to the SQL code in Eclipse manually when
the Analytical Query is “created” using theCustom Analytical Queryapp.
Finally, release the Custom Analytical Query and then activate the OData Service.
Figure 47: Naming Convention for CDS Views, Analytical Queries, and OData Services
The ﬁgure, Naming Convention for CDS Views, Analytical Queries, and OData Services,
describes the naming convention for CDS Views, Analytical Queries and OData Services.
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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In the ABAP Development Tools for Eclipse, the SQL View Name of the CDS view ("ABC" in
the example) is created. The view annotation @Analytics.query: true automatically creates an
Analytical Query for this view as a separate DDIC object. The analytical query gets the preﬁx
2C, so the generated name for the analytical query/transient query becomes: 2CABC or
generally speaking 2C <SQLViewName>.
The Analytical Query/Transient Query can be tested in the ABAP system using the
transaction: RSRT.
Adding the view annotation @OData.publish: true to an Analytical Query automatically creates
an OData Service via SADL framework, which is already active and can directly be used. This
service is also a separate object that consists of diﬀerent DDIC objects. The OData service
name is generated by adding the postﬁx _CDS to the CDS View name.
Figure 48: Process Workﬂow for an SAP S/4HANA Analytics Key User
In which order should the SAP S/4HANA UIs be used to avoid double work?
1.View Browser
2.Custom CDS View
3.Custom Analytical Queries
4.Multidimensional Report (View Browser)
5.KPI Design
6.Report Design
Lesson: Describing CDS Queries, Analytical Queries, and Transient Queries
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Note:
With the Custom CDS View app, you as a key user can model company-speciﬁc
data access on top of public CDS views. You can build Custom CDS views (for
example, “Cube”-Views) on top of:
●Public views of the SAP delivered Virtual Data Model (VDM)
●Your own custom CDS views
What is possible with Custom CDS View?
●Display a list of all pre-delivered data sources and already existing custom CDS views
●Preview the details of the available data sources and custom CDS views if they don't
contain parameters
●Search for a particular data source or a custom CDS view
●Filter by data source name, description and by the user, who performed last changes on
the view
●Create a CDS view
●Use custom ﬁelds created within the Custom Fields and Logic app in the modeling of the
new custom CDS views
●Edit custom CDS views
●Export a list of CDS views to a spreadsheet
●Delete custom CDS views
Note:
Extension Views also exist. The idea is to add ﬁelds to existing views.
The delivered standard application remains unchanged and hence the extension is
considered to be modiﬁcation free.
The custom application becomes the start-up project, which then launches the
delivered standard application with the additional customizing conﬁguration.
For more details, seehttps://sapui5.netweaver.ondemand.com/sdk/#docs/
guide/Customization.html
White Paper:https://blogs.sap.com/?p=128608
Use Case Overview:https://blogs.sap.com/2016/09/12/s4hana-extensibility-
use-case-overview/
The Key User Extensibility Tools of SAP S/4HANA:https://blogs.sap.com/
2015/09/30/the-key-user-extensibility-tools-of-s4-hana/.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe how to publish, release, and activate an OData Service for an Analytical Query
Unit 3: SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture
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Unit 3
Learning Assessment
1. All Frontends except for the SAP BusinessObjects Analytics UIs like Analysis for Oﬃce,
SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer, SAP
Analytics Cloud, and also Multidimensional Reporting can alternatively be built on top of
Consumption Views as well as CDS Queries.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. All Content Analytical Queries are delivered with publishing annotation.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. With the Custom CDS View app, as a key user you can model company-speciﬁc data
access on top of public CDS views. You can build Custom CDS views (for example,
“Cube”-Views) on top of private views of the SAP delivered Virtual Data Model (VDM) as
well as on top of your own Custom CDS views.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 3
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. All Frontends except for the SAP BusinessObjects Analytics UIs like Analysis for Oﬃce,
SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer, SAP
Analytics Cloud, and also Multidimensional Reporting can alternatively be built on top of
Consumption Views as well as CDS Queries.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. All Frontends except for the SAP BusinessObjects Analytics UIs like Analysis for
Oﬃce, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer,
SAP Analytics Cloud, and also Multidimensional Reporting can alternatively be built on top
of Consumption Views as well as CDS Queries.
2. All Content Analytical Queries are delivered with publishing annotation.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
X
True
XFalse
Correct. All Content Analytical Queries are delivered without publishing annotation.
3. With the Custom CDS View app, as a key user you can model company-speciﬁc data
access on top of public CDS views. You can build Custom CDS views (for example,
“Cube”-Views) on top of private views of the SAP delivered Virtual Data Model (VDM) as
well as on top of your own Custom CDS views.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. You can build Custom CDS views (for example, “Cube”-Views) on top of private
views of the SAP delivered Virtual Data Model (VDM) as well as on top of your own Custom
CDS views.
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UNIT 4SAP S/4HANA
Extensibility Tools
Lesson 1
Setting Up the SAP Fiori Extensibility Tools 64
Lesson 2
Creating a Custom CDS View 69
Lesson 3
Using the Data Source Extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App 84
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Describe how to install the SAP Fiori extensibility tools
●Create a Custom CDS View
●Use the data source extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
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Unit 4
Lesson 1
Setting Up the SAP Fiori Extensibility Tools
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe how to install the SAP Fiori extensibility tools
Conﬁguration of the SAP Fiori Extensibility Tools
Figure 49: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
Extensibility covers a broad spectrum of topics that allows customers and partners to adapt
standard business software to their business needs.
The SAP S/4HANA key user extensibility tools are completely web-based (developed along
the SAP Fiori principles and technology) and targeted for the key users and therefore easy to
use.
The artifacts created with key user tools are lifecycle-stable. This means that they are based
on public, stable APIs and technology, so that they will continue to work without adaptation
after the next upgrade.
Key users can adapt the user interface (UI) of their apps at runtime in a modiﬁcation-free way,
for example, by adding, removing, or moving ﬁelds.
Note:
Only an on-premise customer can use the extensibility tools. For Cloud users,
extensibility tools are not available.
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Custom Fields and Custom Business Logic
Create your own ﬁelds and enhancement implementations to customize applications and
their UIs, reports, e-mail templates, and form templates. You, as a business expert or
implementation consultant, can use this app to create your own ﬁelds and implementation
descriptions to customize applications and their UIs, reports, e-mail templates, and form
templates.
After the ﬁeld has been deﬁned, all necessary software artifacts are generated by the
extensibility tool: SAP database tables and application structures are enhanced by using the
“DDIC extension include” concept. Assigned SAP core data service (CDS) views, SAP Fiori
search, and OData services are extended as well. As the applications are prepared for this
kind of extensibility, they do consider these extension ﬁelds in their business logic, so the
generated ﬁelds can be used directly.
Custom Views
Create custom CDS views to merge the data from diﬀerent data sources and rearrange the
table ﬁelds according to your needs.
If you need access to data in your system in a way the system does not oﬀer so far, you can
create your own data access by making use of a Custom Core Data Services view (Custom
CDS view).
Usually, the data of an application is distributed across several database tables. Using CDS
views allows you to model the data access without changing underlying database tables. You
can rearrange the table ﬁelds and describe the metadata of the ﬁelds that belong to one
object but are located in diﬀerent databases. In general, CDS views are intended to be
consumed by a UI, analytics or other systems.
You can use this app to create custom CDS views, based on the predelivered data sources
that are built on the virtual data model. In addition to this, you can use already created custom
CDS views as a basis for new custom CDS views.
Create custom business objects to create database tables for segmentation in marketing.
Custom Business Objects
You can use this app to create custom business objects for segmentation in marketing, and to
generate UIs and applications based on custom business objects.
The ﬁelds can be used as table columns on the initial page of a custom application that you
create based on a custom business object. The ﬁelds that you create for a custom business
object can furthermore be used for database tables by marketing professionals for
segmentation.
Manage Software Collection
Add the extension items you want to export to your software collection and export it.
You can use this app to add extension items to your software collection, and export your
software collection to transport extension items.
A software collection contains custom extension items such as custom ﬁelds, custom logic, e-
mail templates, form templates, or queries that you have created and want to import into your
production system. You need to manually add these extension items to your software
collection. With this app, you can then export the extension items that you have added to your
software collection for import into your production system.
Custom Catalog Extensionsis a central tool that the administrator can use to assign your
extension objects, such as custom business objects to the required business catalogs. After
Lesson: Setting Up the SAP Fiori Extensibility Tools
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you have created a new extension object with a particular app, you have to assign business
catalogs to it.
Note:
Alternatively, you can assign the application to the tile as described later in this
unit. In this case, the Custom Catalog Extension is automatically addressed in the
background.
Custom Communication Scenarios/Extension
You can use this app to create custom communication scenarios that you can later use to
create a communication arrangement using theCommunication Arrangementsapp. A
communication scenario bundles inbound and outbound communication design-time
artifacts and is a basis for communication between systems. Each communication
arrangement must be based on a communication scenario. Generally, this app is used when
you want to enable the CDS View for external consumption with OData. For example,
Microsoft Excel is a program that can consume OData.
Note:
The installation of the extensibility tools is also necessary as a prerequisite when
you work with theReport Designerapp.
The following ﬁgures describe how to install the extensibility tools.
Figure 50: Installation of the Extensibility Tools 1 of 4
First, activate the ICF nodes and the OData services from the ﬁgure, Installation of the
Extensibility Tools 1 of 4, in the front-end system.
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Figure 51: Installation of the Extensibility Tools 2 of 4
Then, copy the technical catalog SAP_BASIS_TCR_T into your own catalog. This has to be
done in the SAP Fiori launchpad Designer.
Figure 52: Installation of the Extensibility Tools 3 of 4
Open your own Extensibility group in the SAP Fiori Launchpad Designer and choose+for
Show as Tiles, especially when you don´t want to use all extensibility tools. Select the
applications from your copied catalog choosing+.
Lesson: Setting Up the SAP Fiori Extensibility Tools
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Figure 53: Installation of the Extensibility Tools 4 of 4
Create a role for the extensibility tools and add your catalog and your group in theMenutab.
Assign your user.
If you can’t see your extensibility tiles in your extensibility group, or you can’t select your
catalog in the App Finder, execute the report from the ﬁgure, Installation of the Extensibility
Tools 4 of 4, in both your front-end and your back-end system.
Note:
This report can decrease performance when executed.
Also, check whether there is a customizing layer for the catalog. If the catalog was changed in
the designer in CUST mode (customizing mode), a layer is created that hides new apps
coming into the catalog in CONF mode (conﬁguration mode). To check if such a layer exists,
use the SAP Fiori launchpad content check (transaction/N/UI2/FLC). Use the report ﬁrst
with the setting for Conﬁguration. If the report does not display any error for the app that
causes the problems, run it for Customizing.
Call the SAP Fiori launchpad designer in CUST mode (URL extension scope=CUST). Catalogs
that diﬀer between the customizing and conﬁguration layers are marked with a red icon in the
upper right.
Note:
You can easily identify which mode you are in by checking the upper right corner.
If you can see Client: ALL, you are in conﬁguration mode, and if a speciﬁc client is
displayed, you are in customizing mode.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe how to install the SAP Fiori extensibility tools
Unit 4: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
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Unit 4
Lesson 2
Creating a Custom CDS View
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Create a Custom CDS View
Power User Tool: Custom CDS Views
Figure 54: The Custom CDS Views App The General Tab
Custom CDS views can be used to merge data from diﬀerent data sources. The custom CDS
views can later be used in other applications, for example, the Custom Analytical Queries App.
From the list of available data sources select one that you want to use as a primary data
source of your new custom CDS view. You can use either one of the predelivered CDS views
or one of the custom views that you have already created.
With the following ﬁgures, we want to show you how to create a Custom CDS view that refers
to the source Interface View, I_ACTUALPLANJOURNALENTRYITEM. This interface view is
transaction data based and we want to allow navigation from cost center actuals to the cost
center attributesPerson ResponsibleandUser Responsiblelater in reporting. The latter two
are (attribute ﬁelds) in the master data table of characteristic/dimension Cost Center.
There are several possibilities to set this up for reporting.
First, search the interface view I_ACTUALPLANJOURNALENTRYITEM using theCustom CDS
Viewsapp. When found chooseCreateon theGeneraltab to create a Custom CDS View based
on this interface view.
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Note:
A CDS view of type analytical query cannot be used as primary data source nor as
associated data source. A CDS View of type consumption view that is not an
analytical query can be the primary data source.
Enter aNameandLabelfor the new view. Characterize the new custom CDS view asCubeby
ﬁrst selectingAnalyticaland then choosingCubefrom the dropdown box. As a generic tool,
theCustom CDS Viewsapp does not know that the source interface view is transaction data
based and it is usually possible to either create a Dimension-based or a Cube-based custom
CDS view from this source interface view.
Then, you have to decide if the Custom CDS View you are going to create can later be used in
a further custom CDS view. This is only possible if you deselectOData. In this case, a later
activation (Publish) of your Custom CDS view will create an Interface (Custom) CDS view. In
this case, further views on top of these custom CDS Views can be built. Furthermore
Analytical Queries can be built on top of this Custom CDS View.
If you selectOData, the Custom CDS View you are just creating cannot be used in a further
Custom CDS View. This is explained in the ﬁgure, The Custom CDS Views App The General
Tab, for “Custom CDS View2”. In this case, the Custom CDS View is a Consumption View but
not an Analytical Query. In this case, the power user plans to create an SAP Fiori UI directly on
top of the view (The power user doesn't need the Analytical Query, because no Analytics
Reporting is needed).
Note:
Usually, with theCustom CDS Viewsapp, you cannot create analytical queries.
They are built using theCustom Analytical Queriesapp.
As a consequence, the OData ﬂag is a classiﬁcation ﬂag, that is, it classiﬁes the Custom CDS
View as interface or consumption view, even if this is not signaled in Eclipse (compare for this
comment ﬁgure, Custom CDS View from Eclipse Perspective of the ABAP Project Explorer of
SAP HANA Studio, at the end of this lesson).
Figure 55: Parameters in a CDS View Example: Content CDS View C_PROFITANDLOSSPLANACTQ2903
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You can only create and edit a Custom CDS View with parameters if the underlying primary
data source of the view contains parameters. If any of the source CDS Views contains
parameters, you can see this in theContains Parametersﬁeld on theGeneraltab. The
parameters are language, date, time, and user. They serve as a kind of variable that can be
restricted in the Custom CDS View.
If parameters are available, you can restrict them on theParameterstab. You can either set
the values manually or use the default system values.
The ﬁgure, Parameters in a CDS View Example, gives an example of a content CDS View,
which contains parameters.
Figure 56: Follow the Modeling Guidelines for the Custom CDS View
When creating a Custom CDS View that should be exposed for an analytical scenario, some
modeling constraints should be taken into account.
If the Custom CDS View should be exposed as Cube, take note of the following:
●The Primary Data source cannot be a Dimension.
●There must be at least one measure exposed; that is a ﬁeld where the Aggregation is ﬁlled
on theField Propertiestab.
●Non-measure ﬁelds are automatically part of the grouping logic.
●One of the aggregations Sum, Max, and Min must be chosen for positive ﬂoating point
numbers.
●For each exposed master data ﬁeld an association to Master Data View must be
maintained on theField Propertiestab.
●The mapping on theAssociation Propertiestab must use the representative key of the
Dimension view.
●All required currencies and unit of measures (including their Master Data View
association) are exposed.
If the Custom CDS View should be exposed as Dimension, you have to take note of the
following:
●It must have one Representative Key.
●It must not contain any parameters.
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●It must not contain any language-dependent texts.
●A Text Association should be present.
●In time-dependency, the key ﬁeld with time semantics is annotated accordingly on the
Field Propertiestab, for example, BusinessDate.From.
The following is valid for both scenarios:
●Only Associations with Cardinality "Zero or One [0..1]" are exposed. That means that all
key ﬁeld of the Associated Datasource must be mapped on theAssociation Properties
screen.
●If a Date ﬁeld is part of the Key, it must be ﬁlled in the Filter Formula on theFilterstab. The
same holds true for a Text association.
Note:
If you later create and publish an Analytical Query on top of the Custom CDS View
and then decide to change the view, that is:
●Remove a ﬁeld from the view that is used in the query, you will get a
dependency error and will have to remove the ﬁeld from the query ﬁrst and
then from the view.
●Remove a ﬁeld from the view that is not used in the query, you can remove it
from the CDS view without any message.
Adding a ﬁeld to the CDS View after the creation of a query is no problem. The ﬁeld can then
be used in the query too.
If there are fundamental changes in a CDS View, the queries on top have to be deleted ﬁrst to
allow the changes in the CDS View.
Figure 57: Field Selection - Available Fields and Associations
On the left side of theField Selectiontab, you ﬁnd theAvailable Fields and Associationsarea.
This means that you will see all oﬀered ﬁelds of interface view
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I_ACTUALPLANJOURNALENTRYITEM. In the Field Typecolumn, you ﬁnd two types,Fieldand
Association.
You can see that theCost Centerﬁeld is listed twice, as ﬁeld (CostCenter) and as association
(_CostCenter). Cost Center as ﬁeld means that cost center is a ﬁeld in the source view and
can be used to report transaction data for cost centers. Cost Center as association means
that the source interface view already has a reference to the cost center master data view
I_CostCenter and that this view contains the attribute/property ﬁeldPerson Responsibleand
User Responsible.
Note:
An Association is not actually a join; it is metadata about a possible join
connection. It is Join on Demand.
SAP works with associations instead of joins because they are closer to
“conceptual thinking”.
The more associations there are, the more joins there are, and this reduces
performance of content CDS views and of custom CDS views.
Underscores are used as the naming convention for associations, for example _CostCenter
(ASSOCIATION).
As we stated, the source interface view already has a reference to the attributes of the cost
center. But this reference is not active in the source view becausePerson Responsibleand
User Responsibleare not selected in theSelectﬁeld.
Figure 58: How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 1
The easiest solution to reach the reporting goal, which is to navigate from the transaction
data for cost centers to the related Person Responsible and User Responsible, is to select
both (attribute) ﬁelds so that they are moved to theSelected Fields and Associationsarea of
theField Selectiontab.
When are you going to use solution 1?
If you only want to use both attributes in this one new custom CDS view.
Lesson: Creating a Custom CDS View
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If you later decide to create a further custom CDS view which refers to this custom CDS view,
then the reference to both attributes would have to be selected again if necessary.
As a consequence, both attributes won't have a reference to theMaster Data Viewon theField
Propertiestab.
Figure 59: How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 2
The next solution to reach our goal is to select the_CostCenter(Association) ﬁeld and then
both attributes. As a consequence, not only both attributes are moved to theSelected Fields
and Associationsarea of theField Selectiontab, but also the_CostCenter(Association).
As a further consequence, after saving a draft of the view, theCost Centerﬁeld automatically
has the reference _CostCenter in theMaster Data Viewﬁeld, which is on theField Properties
tab, as shown in the ﬁgure, How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 2. This allows
the navigation from Cost Center to both properties in reporting and allows access to all
attributes of CostCenter when creating the next view based on this view.
Note:
It is possible that you will only see this reference to the Master Data View after
having saved the new custom CDS view.
When are you going to use solution 2?
You would use this solution if you always want to oﬀer a navigation from cost center
transaction data to the attributes in this and all further Custom CDS Views that will be built
based on the Custom CDS View that you are creating.
As a consequence, theCostCenterﬁeld, as an association, has to be selected into the
Selected Fields and Associationsarea. Only then is navigation to all associated attributes/
properties in reporting will be possible for further views built on top of our Custom CDS Views.
Note:
For _InternalOrder and _SalesOrder in the ﬁgure, How to Get a Join to the Master
Data View Solution 2, it is the same idea.
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Figure 60: What About _InternalOrder and _SalesOrder?
If you have a look at _InternalOrder and _SalesOrder, which are both ﬁelds and associations in
theAvailable Fields and Associationsarea of theField Selectiontab, you see that
_InternalOrder and _SalesOrder were already selected in the source interface view. As a
consequence, both are in theSelected Fields and Associationsarea as Associations. It is not
possible to remove them from our new custom CDS view.
_InternalOrder and _SalesOrder had been selected in the content source Interface View. This
gives us the hard-coded possibility to select all attributes of Internal Order or Sales Order
when we are creating a Custom CDS View of our own. Therefore on theField Selectiontab,
you have to assign _InternalOrder and _SalesOrder in theMaster Data Viewcolumn to the
ﬁeldsInternal OrderandSales Order. Then, you can select _InternalOrder and _SalesOrder as
association. This is shown in the ﬁgure What About _InternalOrder and _SalesOrder?
(Available Fields and Associations area).
Figure 61: How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 3 (1 of 3)
There is a third solution to reach our goal. Here, a master data view has to be associated
which contains the relevant attributes.
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An associated data source in general is a data source that can be merged with the primary
data source. An associated data source contains data that should be used in the new custom
CDS view and which is not available in the primary data source. You can add one or more
associated data sources to your custom CDS view.
ChooseAddon theGeneraltab and thenAdd Associated Data Source. Assign the master data
Interface ViewI_CostCenter.
Having assigned the master data view you have to choose the buttonEdit Association
Propertiesmarked red in the ﬁgure, How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 3 (1
of 3).
Figure 62: How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 3 (2 of 3)
In the next screen, you have to connect the primary and the associated master data view.
Here, all key ﬁelds of the master data view (associated view) have to be mapped to the same
ﬁelds of the primary view.
Note that key ﬁelds that are Date ﬁelds, likeValidityEndDate, must not be mapped in the
Association Properties.
The goal is to establish a foreign key relationship.
Note:
Use theCardinalitydropdown list to specify the type of relation between the
source and the target of the association, for exampleExactly one hitorOne or
more hits. Choosing the appropriate cardinality improves the runtime
performance. The correctness of results is not inﬂuenced by the choice of
cardinality.
Unit 4: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
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Figure 63: How to Get a Join to the Master Data View Solution 3 (3 of 3)
In our scenario, you can now select attributes from the associated view,_CostCenter(in the
Primary View) and attributes from the associated view_I_CostCenter_1(in the Associated
View).
When Are You Going to Use Solution 3?
You normally only proceed according to solution 3 if the second view you add contains many
ﬁelds that the source/primary view does not contain (not even by association) and that are
needed for a new custom CDS view. Or you would use Solution 3 if an association in the
source view is not delivered.
Figure 64: Field Types and CDS Views of Type Dimension or Cube
For a transaction data CDS View (type Cube), a key ﬁeld represents the primary key ﬁeld of
the underlying database table, like ACDOCA. For ACDOCA Ledger, Company Code, Fiscal
Year, and Document Number are the primary key ﬁelds. Key ﬁelds are needed to grant unique
access to every record in a data table. Duplicates are avoided by working with key ﬁelds.
Lesson: Creating a Custom CDS View
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Note:
For views of type Cube, you can either assignKeyorFieldfor a ﬁeld in theSelected
Fields and Associationsarea.
Assigning ﬁeld type Representative Key is not relevant for a view of type Cube.
Recommendation
For views of type Cube, data is aggregated when key ﬁelds are not selected into the view. This
causes error messages. To avoid errors, keep the default setting Field for each ﬁeld even it is
a key ﬁeld in the underlying database table. This ensures that no error messages occur when
data is aggregated.
For a master data CDS View (type Dimension), you can diﬀerentiate between key ﬁelds and
representative key ﬁelds. If a ﬁeld like Cost Center contains several primary keys like Cost
Center, Controlling Area, and Validity End Date, one of these ﬁelds has to be assigned the
representative key instead of key. You should select the key that is the most speciﬁc one of
them as representative key. This ﬁeld should be the ﬁeld the CDS View is based on.
For master data table CSKS of ﬁeld Cost Center, the key ﬁelds are Cost Center Controlling
Area, ValidityEndDate. Because Cost Center is the most speciﬁc one and represents the
content of table CSKS best, you will assign ﬁeld type Representative Key. Generally, you use
representative keys to build up foreign key relationships.
As a consequence, associations can be created for representative keys.
Note:
Representative keys are only used in analytical scenarios.
Figure 65: Calculated Fields
You can use theCalculated Fieldsfunction to calculate your own ﬁelds based on other ﬁelds of
the view. Only simple calculations are possible. Following our scenario, a Calculated Field
could be a ﬁeld for the absolute deviation.
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As a result, a new ﬁeld is created that is only available in the CDS View, and not in the
database to which the view refers. The calculation is done at run time based on the
transaction data of the database and the formula in theCalculatedﬁeld.
What can you
notset up using the Calculated Fields feature?
●Working with variables is only possible in theCustom Analytical Queriesapp or when you
maintain CDS Views directly in Eclipse.
●It is not possible to have time-dependent deviations like the deviation between the prior year and the current year or the deviation between one month of the prior year and the same month of the current year.
●It is not possible to have year-to-date (YTD) calculations that need exception aggregation
and could, instead, be set up as Calculated Key Figures in theCustom Analytical Queries
App.
In the calculation editor, you have the following options:
●Use ﬁelds of primary data sources or associated data sources by selection or by typing
them
●Use arithmetic and logical expressions
●Use built-in functions.
Potential errors are highlighted in the Expression Editor.
Note:
The ﬁeld name consists of the whole path where the ﬁeld is located. It consists of
the path within the available ﬁelds and associations. The node names are put
together, separated by full stops.
Example: I_ActualPlanJournalEntryItem.ActualAmountInGlobalCurrency.
Hint:
If you can't ﬁnd the necessary ﬁeld when clicking Fields in the Expression Editor,
you can copy and paste the ﬁeld name from the relevantNamecolumn in the
Selected Fields and Associationsarea on theGeneraltab.
When the Calculated Field is created, you have to assign Aggregation, Semantic and Semantic
Value for the Calculated Field on theField Propertiestab.
Note:
It may be necessary to publish the Custom CDS View ﬁrst and then it will be
possible to assign the Aggregation. Before publishing it, the Aggregation ﬁeld is
grayed out for the Calculated Field.
Lesson: Creating a Custom CDS View
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Figure 66: Filters Tab
The Expression Editor is also used on theFilterstab.
To adjust the result set of a Custom CDS View, you can deﬁne a condition, similar to the SQL
WHERE clause, using the expression editor. When the Custom CDS View is accessed, the
result set contains only the data that meets the deﬁned condition.
The following rules apply:
●The relational operators =, <, >, <=, >=, !=, like can be used.
●The Boolean operators NOT, AND, and OR can be used.
●If Boolean operators are applied, the data sources are written within parenthesis.
At the beginning of the expression, a ﬁeld of the primary data source or the associated data
sources is expected. Fields of associated data source can only be used if the cardinality of the
CDS association is set to Exactly one hit in the association properties.
At the end of the expression, you can specify a ﬁeld of an underlying data source, a literal with
an optional domain preﬁx, a parameter, a session variable, or a built-in function. Exception:
The operator LIKE cannot be speciﬁed.
Example 1
When the ﬁeld Country of the data source I_Aps_Cke_Epm_BusiPartner_S is accessed in the
expression editor, the result set contains only those records where the country name of the
business partner is DE:
I_Aps_Cke_Epm_BusiPartner_S.Country='DE'
Example 2 The ﬁeldStreetNamebefore the Boolean operator belongs to the primary data source
Aps_Cke_Epm_Businesspartner_S, and the ﬁeldStreetNameafter the Boolean operator
belongs to the associated data source _Aps_Cke_Epm_Address_1:
( Aps_Cke_Epm_Businesspartner_S.StreetName = 'Any Street') AND
(_Aps_Cke_Epm_Address_1.StreetName = 'Any Street').
You can check the results of ﬁltering your data by ﬁrst saving a draft of the Custom CDS View
and then choosingPreviewas shown in the ﬁgure, Filters Tab.
Unit 4: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
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Figure 67: Field Properties Tab
All selected ﬁelds (and more) are listed on theField Propertiestab. Most assignments in the
Semanticand theAggregationcolumn as well as in theMaster Data Viewcolumn are
automatically ﬁlled.
Generally speaking, theSemanticcolumn explains if a ﬁeld is a Time ﬁeld, a Currency ﬁeld, or
a Unit ﬁeld. TheSemanticandSemantic Valuecolumns are normally ﬁlled automatically. For
ﬁelds which do not refer to Time, Unit, or Currency - like Cost Center - the Semantic ﬁeld can
stay empty. These ﬁelds are of type Text which is the default setting.
If the CostCenter hasn’t the related Master Data View assigned, add the assignment manually
by choosing CostCenter_I_CostCenter in the Master Data View dropdown.
For key ﬁgures the standard aggregation Sum is automatically set and the global currency
ﬁeld is selected as Semantic Value. For the currency ﬁeld Global Currency the Semantic Value
conﬁrms (true) that global currency is a currency ﬁeld.
If the ﬁeldPostingPeriodwas selected, chooseBusinessDate.ToasSemantic.
For the Calculated Field, you have to select Aggregation, Semantic, and Semantic Value
manually.
Note:
It may be necessary to publish the view ﬁrst before you can assign the
Aggregation to the Calculated Field.
For CDS View withODataselected on theGeneraltab, aggregation of type
Average, Count and Count Distinct are not allowed.
Lesson: Creating a Custom CDS View
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Figure 68: Save Draft, Preview, and Publish
When the creation of the CDS View is ﬁnished, chooseSave Draft. Then choosePreview. The
Data Previewscreen shows the raw line items data without any aggregation. Finally, choose
Publish. Otherwise, the Custom CDS View cannot be used for the creation of an Analytical
Query.
Note:
Publish means Activate.
Figure 69: Custom CDS View from Eclipse Perspective of the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP HANA Studio
The ﬁgure, Custom CDS View from Eclipse Perspective of the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP
HANA Studio, shows a Custom CDS View from the Eclipse perspective of the ABAP Project
Explorer in SAP HANA Studio after publication.
Unit 4: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
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Note:
The Custom CDS View is not classiﬁed as an Interface View or as Consumption
View.
Figure 70: Custom CDS View from the View Browser
With the View Browser, you can check your new Custom CDS View. The view is of type
Undeﬁned.
You can check the deﬁnition, the annotation, and the cross reference.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Create a Custom CDS View
Lesson: Creating a Custom CDS View
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Unit 4
Lesson 3
Using the Data Source Extensions in the
Custom Fields and Logic App
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Use the data source extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
Data Source Extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
Figure 71: Custom Fields and Logic App Data Source Extensions (1 of 2)
You can useData Source Extensionsfunctionality of theCustom Fields and Logicapp to
navigate from a ﬁeld to an associated property or attribute.
Using theCustom Fields and Logicapp, you want to enrich an existing source view by an
extension. An extension cannot change the original view structure, but you can add further
ﬁelds to the source ﬁeld and enable the use of existing ﬁelds in predelivered data sources. You
can select additional standard ﬁelds, which can already be reached by the extended data
source, but whose values are not yet retrieved by this data source.
An Extension is a special view of View Type Extend View whereas a Custom View compared to
an Extension is a new, autonomous view.
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Note:
Using the Data Source Extensions functionality of theCustom Fields and Logic
app, the Power User can only refer to a small collection of released Data Sources
in 1709. You can see this from the ﬁgure, where the dropdown to the right of the
Data Sourceﬁeld only oﬀers eight CDS Views.
Using this feature in Eclipse the application developer can refer to all existing data sources.
Why Should You Use an Extension Instead of a Custom CDS View?
●It's easier to use the Data Source Extensions feature than to create a Custom CDS View.
●A Custom CDS View is not a standard view. The Data Source Extension, on the other hand,
remains in the Standard view. It is not a modiﬁcation, but an enhancement of a content
view with the goal of adding further information (User Responsible and Person
Responsible), which is then also be available in Reporting, without the need to create a
modiﬁcation.
Figure 72: Custom Fields and Logic App Data Source Extensions (2 of 2)
Adding additional standard ﬁelds might enable end users to access restricted data in the
extended data source, without having the required authorization.
Depending on the ﬁeld path and the nature of the selected ﬁelds, data retrieval might become
slower after a data source extension has been added.
In the ﬁgure, Custom Fields and Logic App Data Source Extensions (2 of 2), the CostCenter
ﬁeld, the association _CurrentCostCenter, and its attributes, Person Responsible and User
Responsible were selected.
ChoosePublish(activate). This adds attributes to the source view by extension.
Lesson: Using the Data Source Extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
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Figure 73: Checking the Data Source Extension in the View Browser
Checking the extended CDS View I_GLACCOUNTLINEITEMCUBE in the View Browser, you
can see the extension of this view by the two new ﬁelds Person Responsible and User
Responsible both starting with ZZ1_...
You will also ﬁnd the Extension View E_COSTCENTER, which extends the I_COSTCENTER
master data view within the transaction data view I_GLACCOUNTLINEITEMCUBE.
Figure 74: Checking the Data Source Extension from the Eclipse Perspective of the ABAP Project Explorer
The ﬁgure, Checking the Data Source Extension from the Eclipse Perspective of the ABAP
Project Explorer, explains how to navigate to see the extension for content view
I_GLACCOUNTLINEITEMCUBE from the Eclipse perspective of the ABAP Project Explorer.
Unit 4: SAP S/4HANA Extensibility Tools
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LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Use the data source extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
Lesson: Using the Data Source Extensions in the Custom Fields and Logic App
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Unit 4
Learning Assessment
1. Which of the following SAP Fiori apps refer to SAP S/4HANA Extensibility?
Choose the correct answers.
X
ACustom Fields and Logic
X
BCustom CDS Views
X
CCustom Analytical Queries
X
DReport Builder Apps
2. When you create a Custom CDS View, you can select theODataﬁeld. If you select the
ODataﬁeld, the Custom CDS View that you create can't be used in a further Custom CDS
View because it is a Consumption View but not an Analytical Query.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 4
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. Which of the following SAP Fiori apps refer to SAP S/4HANA Extensibility?
Choose the correct answers.
X
ACustom Fields and Logic
X
BCustom CDS Views
X
CCustom Analytical Queries
X
DReport Builder Apps
Correct. The Custom Fields and Logic and Custom CDS Views apps refer to SAP S/
4HANA Extensibility.
2. When you create a Custom CDS View, you can select theODataﬁeld. If you select the
ODataﬁeld, the Custom CDS View that you create can't be used in a further Custom CDS
View because it is a Consumption View but not an Analytical Query.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. When you create a Custom CDS View, you can select theODataﬁeld. If you select
theODataﬁeld, the Custom CDS View that you create can't be used in a further Custom
CDS View because it is a Consumption View but not an Analytical Query.
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UNIT 5Custom Analytical
Queries App
Lesson 1
Setting Up Analytical Queries - Features and Functions 91
Lesson 2
Describing Additional Aspects on Analytical Queries 99
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Describe how to use the Analytical Queries app to create a report from scratch on top of a
Custom CDS View
●List the features available in the Analytical Queries app
●Check your Analytical Query in the View Browser, in the ABAP Project Explorer and the
Query Monitor
●Release your Analytical Query and activate the OData Service of your Query
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Unit 5
Lesson 1
Setting Up Analytical Queries - Features and
Functions
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe how to use the Analytical Queries app to create a report from scratch on top of a
Custom CDS View
●List the features available in the Analytical Queries app
Creation of a Custom Analytical Query
Figure 75: General Tab and Field Selection Tab
For building reports from scratch, SAP provides the built-in, easy-to-use,Custom Analytical
Queriesapp.
AlthoughCustom Analytical Queriesis an easy-to-use tool, it is aimed at key users, rather than
end users. An advantage of it is that you don’t have to understand the query language or the
technical details.
The prerequisites for the Custom Analytical Queries are:
●Required Business Role: SAP_BR_ANALYTICS_SPECIALIST
●Required Technical Catalog: SAP_BASIS_TCR_T
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●Activated ICF node: ANA_QDESIGN_MAN (ICF path /sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/
ana_qdesign_man)
The business role and technical catalog can be assigned to a user using the ABAP transaction
PFCG. The ICF node can be activated in the transactionSICF.
As soon as the Custom Analytical Queries application is started, the landing page displays and
shows the available Analytical Queries. The number of shown queries depends on your
authorizations.
If you chooseNew, theNew Querydialog box appears. Specify the technical name of the
Analytical Query. The query name will be automatically preﬁxed with ZZ1.
Then, choose the data source for which the query has to be deﬁned. The views available as
data source are the list of Interface views released by SAP.
TheGeneraltab then shows the basic details of the Analytical Query.
You can enter a more meaningful name for the query in theLabelﬁeld.
On theField Selectiontab, the available ﬁelds from the Data Source (Interface View) are
shown.
Field types are symbolized by diﬀerent icons as measure and dimension. To add a ﬁeld from
the Data Source into the analytical query, select the checkbox in the columnSelectionnext to
the ﬁeld that you want to add. This ﬁeld is automatically added as a display ﬁeld and can be
used in the ﬁlters. The ﬁeld order can later be changed on theDisplaytab.
Figure 76: Display Tab and Field Properties
TheDisplaytab has several functions. First, you can rearrange the display order of the
selected ﬁelds. You can move the ﬁeld up and down the list by selecting a ﬁeld and use theUp
andDownbuttons.
A newly added ﬁeld automatically inherits the label from theData Viewﬁeld. If required, you
can change this label in thePropertiesfor this ﬁeld. You can enter a new ﬁeld label name into
theOverride Labelﬁeld.
Selecting theAddbutton gives you the option to add one or moreRestrictedorCalculated
measures.
Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
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TheDisplayicon indicates whether a column is shown in the report. TheFiltericon indicates
whether a ﬁxed value ﬁlter is deﬁned for this ﬁeld on theFilterstab.
By selecting a ﬁeld, you can change the properties of the ﬁeld:
●Deﬁne the label
●Change the display status
●You can choose to hide or show the aggregated results when the query is executed in the
design studio template (in the Preview for example)
ChooseUporDownto reorder the ﬁelds within an across Row/Column/Free section.
In theAxisﬁeld of the Properties of a ﬁeld, chooseRow,Column, orFreein to move across the
sections quickly.
Figure 77: Display Tab and Add Restricted Measure
Restricted Measures can also be deﬁned in the query. The list of all (Basic) Measures is
retrieved from the Data Source.
The ﬁgure, Display Tab and Add Restricted Measure, shows two restricted measures. One of
them contains a customer-deﬁned variable for theCategoryﬁeld. According to the
conﬁguration of the variable, the end user will ﬁnd the default variable value in the variable
prompt but is also allowed to enter a diﬀerent key for Category.
Lesson: Setting Up Analytical Queries - Features and Functions
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Figure 78: Display Tab and Add Calculated Measure
Using the Custom CDS View app, you can easily deﬁne Calculated Fields, whereas for a
Custom Analytical Query, you can create Calculated Measures.
Calculated Measures cost more performance than Calculated Fields because the Analytical
Engine uses the Analytical Query.
Calculated Fields can be used in several Analytical Queries; Calculated Measures can only be
used in the one Analytical Query in which it was created.
Note:
As only simple formulas can be created using Calculated Fields, the more complex
formulas, like YTD scenarios or comparisons between similar cost centers
(Benchmarking) or time deviations (Prior Year versus Actual Year or month x of
prior year versus month x of actual year), must be created as Calculated
Measures in the Analytical Query.
In the ﬁgure, Display Tab and Add Calculated Measure, two Calculated Measures are set up:
one for absolute deviation and one for deviation in percent.
Note:
In theExpression Editordialog box, you can choose any measure from the Data
Source as well as other Calculated or Restricted Measures. You can also refer to
the User Input Filters, for example, to all variables you had deﬁned in the Analytical
Query.
Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
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Figure 79: Display Tab and Add Converted Measure
Using the Converted Measure Feature, you can execute a currency translation at runtime.
Note:
Accounting in SAP S/4HANA already stores data in parallel in ten currencies. So,
the question is whether a further currency translation at runtime is needed.
If you have the Accounting Document Number Field in your Custom CDS View as
well as in your Analytical Query, but you do not execute a drilldown to the
Accounting Document Number, data is aggregated and the currency translation
works with aggregated data.
If you have the Accounting Document Number Field in your Custom CDS View as
well as in your Analytical Query and you execute a drilldown to the Accounting
Document Number, the currency translation is executed for each single set of
data. The performance of currency translation depends on whether you aggregate
data or not:
●If every single data set has to be translated, the currency translation costs
performance.
●If you work with aggregated data, the currency translation is not performance
relevant.
Lesson: Setting Up Analytical Queries - Features and Functions
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Figure 80: Add Calculated Measure Expression Editor and Exception Aggregation
The ﬁgure, Add Calculated Measure Expression Editor and Exception Aggregation, explains
how to activate the Content Assistant in the Expression Editor dialog box, and gives an
overview of the delivered functions.
The editor supports syntax highlighting, code completion, and displays error messages when
the expression is incorrect. When you are ﬁnished using the Expression editor, the expression
that you created is listed in the expression list.
You can also deﬁne variables (User Input Filters) in the Expression Editor.
For calculated measure, Exception Aggregation is possible. The ﬁgure, Add Calculated
Measure Expression Editor and Exception Aggregation, gives an example and shows which
functions for exception aggregation are available.
Figure 81: Filters Tab
Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
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On theFilterstab, you can deﬁne certain parameters or conditions to ﬁlter the results of the
analytical query upon execution. Only those records that match all the ﬁlters are displayed.
By default, the newly added ﬁelds do not have any ﬁlters.
Note:
You can apply ﬁlters only to dimensions and user input ﬁlters.
TheMultiple Selectionoption enables the end user to choose multiple values as an input
during query execution.
TheMandatoryoption ensures that the end user must make an entry.
Finally, choosePublishto activate the OData service for the Analytical Query. ChoosePreview
to launch and test the new query in the Design Studio template.
Figure 82: Preview
In thePreview, you can chooseSettings→Show Prompts. You then see the variable prompt
with the default values assigned in the Filter of these ﬁelds.
In theSettings, you can also conﬁgure additional charts, swap axes, or set Totals.
If you chooseSettings→Information, you can see the Analytical Query ID.
You can set the Filter and the Filter Bar in the Preview as described in the ﬁgure, Preview.
Note:
When you open the Analytical Query in Preview, it opens in a preconﬁgured Design
Studio template. In this content template, the Filter Bar is closed by default. There
is no setting for the user to keep the Filter Bar open permanently; instead, you
have to chooseShow Filter BarandHide Filter Bar.
It is possible to save the executed Analytical Query as a tile.
Lesson: Setting Up Analytical Queries - Features and Functions
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LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe how to use the Analytical Queries app to create a report from scratch on top of a
Custom CDS View
●List the features available in the Analytical Queries app
Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
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Unit 5
Lesson 2
Describing Additional Aspects on Analytical
Queries
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Check your Analytical Query in the View Browser, in the ABAP Project Explorer and the
Query Monitor
●Release your Analytical Query and activate the OData Service of your Query
Analytical Queries - Technical Perspective
Figure 83: Checking the Analytical Query in the View Browser
The ﬁgure, Checking the Analytical Query in the View Browser, shows the Analytical Query
from the View Browser perspective.
The type of the analytical query is Undeﬁned, although it is a consumption view of type
Analytical Query (Annotation).
In theCross Referencesection, you have a reference to the underlying Custom CDS view.
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Figure 84: Checking the Analytical Query in the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP HANA Studio (1 of 2)
The ﬁgure, Checking the Analytical Query in the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP HANA Studio (1
of 2), gives an example of the SQL code for an Analytical Query from the ABAP Project
Explorer.
Note:
The automatically created view in the above ﬁgure does not contain annotation
@VDM.viewType: #CONSUMPTION.
This is a missing feature, and the Analytical Query represents a consumption view
of type Analytical Query.
The Annotation @VDM.viewType has no technical relevance in a view, it is only information for
the user. In theView Browser, we ﬁndType Undeﬁnedfor the Analytical Query.
Figure 85: Checking the Analytical Query in the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP HANA Studio (2 of 2)
Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
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The ﬁgure, Checking the Analytical Query in the ABAP Project Explorer of SAP HANA Studio
(2 of 2), gives an example of the SQL code for an Analytical Query from the ABAP Project
Explorer.
You can see the SQL code for both restricted measures as well as for both calculated
measures and the ﬁx ﬁlter values.
Figure 86: Manual Release and OData Service Activation
When the Analytical Query is published, and the system administrator has released the
Analytical Query, the OData service can be activated.
Figure 87: Query Monitor
TheQuery Monitorcan be used to test the correctness of the Analytical Queries for diﬀerent
UIs.
Enter the technical name of the Analytical Query and chooseEnter.
Lesson: Describing Additional Aspects on Analytical Queries
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In the Preview of the Analytical Query, you can chooseSettings→Informationand you ﬁnd
the ID of the Analytical Query.
You also ﬁnd the SQL View Name for the CDS View in the Information box, but only if no label
for the Analytical Query had been maintained.
In theQuery Monitor, type the Analytical Query ID and chooseHTMLasQuery Display.
As an output, you get the result screen as speciﬁed in your Analytical Query.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Check your Analytical Query in the View Browser, in the ABAP Project Explorer and the
Query Monitor
●Release your Analytical Query and activate the OData Service of your Query
Unit 5: Custom Analytical Queries App
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Unit 5
Learning Assessment
1. When you open the Analytical Query in Preview it’s opened in a pre-conﬁgured Design
Studio template. If you modify the Design Studio template from the Preview you can adapt
it to your needs.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. Calculated Measures cost more performance compared to Calculated Fields.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. If every single data set has to be translated the currency translation costs performance,
but if you work with aggregated data the currency translation is not performance relevant.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 5
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. When you open the Analytical Query in Preview it’s opened in a pre-conﬁgured Design
Studio template. If you modify the Design Studio template from the Preview you can adapt
it to your needs.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. You can’t adapt an Analytical Query opened in Preview.
2. Calculated Measures cost more performance compared to Calculated Fields.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. Calculated Measures cost more performance compared to Calculated Fields.
3. If every single data set has to be translated the currency translation costs performance,
but if you work with aggregated data the currency translation is not performance relevant.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. If every single data set has to be translated the currency translation costs
performance, but if you work with aggregated data the currency translation is not
performance relevant.
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UNIT 6SAP Fiori Smart
Business Framework
The KPI Designer
Lesson 1
Setting Up the Smart Business Framework 106
Lesson 2
Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer 110
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Describe the beneﬁts of a Smart Business Cockpit
●Describe how to install the KPI Designer
●Describe how to use the KPI tiles in the SAP Fiori launchpad
●Create a KPI tile conﬁguring all necessary KPI Modeler apps
●Describe the drill down from a KPI tile from an end user perspective
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Unit 6
Lesson 1
Setting Up the Smart Business Framework
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Describe the beneﬁts of a Smart Business Cockpit
●Describe how to install the KPI Designer
●Describe how to use the KPI tiles in the SAP Fiori launchpad
Enablement of the Smart Business Framework
Figure 88: SAP Smart Business Cockpits
SAP Smart Business is the new user experience for SAP S/4HANA, combining modern
working models with a consumer-grade usability.
This allows key roles to stay on top of their business, make better and faster decisions by
letting end users touch, analyze, share, and act in real time.
SAP Fiori Smart Business enables customers to create their own analytical apps based on
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Using these selection criteria for business data, users can
visualize an evaluation using a drill-down, adapt the visualization of the data, apply ﬁlters and
facets, export the data to Microsoft Excel, and share everything as a tile or e-mail.
SAP Smart Business applications use SAP Fiori as a user interface and are a set of SAP Fiori
apps that you use to create and manage SAP Smart Business entities. Smart Business
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Cockpits can be personalized and bring the analytics into the business process when the user
needs it.
Figure 89: Enable SAP Fiori Smart Business (1 of 2)
When you have developed an Analytical Query to analyze your company’s business data, you
want to create an SAP Smart Business KPI using the KPI Designer tool on top of the query.
The created KPI should also be available as a tile in the SAP Fiori launchpad.
The KPI Modeler refers to several apps provided in the SAP Fiori launchpad which enables the
user to bring KPI Tiles on the Launchpad. On the tile the information is updated every 10
seconds with the new status in the SAP S/4HANA system. If you want to see more details
about the KPI, click it and the drill-down page displays.
Note:
The KPI Modeler is only supported on desktop computers that are equipped with a
mouse or a similar pointing device.
The KPI modeler user interface is only provided in English, regardless of the
language in which you log on.
However, you can add the KPI title, the report title, the evaluation text, and the
drill-down application view title in additional languages when you conﬁgure a KPI,
a report, an evaluation, or a drill-down view.
When you delete a KPI, you remove all active and draft versions of not only the KPI, but also all
active and draft copies of the associated entities (that is, evaluations based on the KPI,
associations of which this KPI was part, tiles that you have built on the evaluations associated
with this KPI, and all drill-down conﬁgurations). This deletion is irreversible and immediately
comes into eﬀect in the runtime environment.
Lesson: Setting Up the Smart Business Framework
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Figure 90: Enable SAP Fiori Smart Business (2 of 2)
SAP Smart Business applications provide insight into the real-time operations of your
business by collecting and displaying KPIs directly in your browser.
KPIs are used to monitor current performance against goals that have been predeﬁned by
your organization. Using the KPI modeler, you can deﬁne a KPI so that it is available to users
of SAP Smart Business at runtime.
With theKPI Modeler, you can deﬁne KPIs to which you can apply numerous diﬀerent
evaluations so that you can respond to the ever-changing business landscape. You can also
conﬁgure drill-down views that are accessed through the KPI tiles and oﬀer additional
perspectives on the relevant data.
TheKPI modelerallows you to deﬁne KPIs that are crucial to the performance of your
organization. You can visualize these KPIs by choosing from a range of options according to
the type of KPI.
The central app is calledKPI Workspace. This is used to manage all KPIs and all its sub-
elements in the system. In addition, ﬁve connected apps exist to create everything needed for
SAP Smart Business.
During the creation of a KPI, you jump from one Smart Business app to another in the
following order:
1.Create KPI
2.Create Evaluation
3.Create Tile
4.Conﬁgure Drill-Down
5.Manage KPI Associations (optional)
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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Note:
TheKPI Workspaceshows a list of all KPIs in the system and their details such as
data source, associations to other KPIs, and, most importantly, evaluations. KPIs
can be edited, copied, or deleted, and the evaluations can be opened or added.
The KPI Workspace app allows you to manage all of your KPIs and their
evaluations.
A
KPI Evaluationconsists of a data source, thresholds, tiles, and drill-downs. The
data source is an OData service (SAP Gateway for SAP S/4HANA) oﬀering all data
needed for the KPI. Threshold, target, and trend values add the semantic to the
data, which leads to the coloring of the numbers and graphs. The tiles oﬀer an
overview and short status of the data before the app is opened using graphs and
numbers. Drill-downs are responsible for the visualization of the data.
SeveralKPI Tilesare available. They are deﬁned as part of an evaluation and saved
in an SAP Fiori catalog. Tiles consist of a conﬁguration about how to visualize the
data on the tile and the navigation, which is the target mapping to start a speciﬁc
app or the generic drill-down.
The genericKPI Drilldownenables customers to visualize their business data in an
SAP Fiori app without the need for any development. Measures and dimensions
deﬁne what data is used and in which way, and the visualization deﬁnes how the
data is presented using diagrams and tables. Creating the drilldown is the last step
in the process of creating a KPI. The only thing remaining is to add the catalog and
all the KPI tiles it contains to a user role.
Note:
In SAP S/4HANA, an additional app, calledQuery Browseris available. It shows
CDS views, which are deﬁned as analytics queries and, therefore, act as a source
for KPIs. The app has its own business catalog called SAP_CA_BC_VDM.
The KPI modeler is only supported on desktop computers that are equipped with a
mouse or a similar pointing device.
The KPI modeler user interface is only provided in English, regardless of the
language in which you log on. However, you can add the KPI title, the report title,
the evaluation text, and the drill-down application view title in additional languages
when you conﬁgure a KPI, a report, an evaluation, or a drill-down view.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Describe the beneﬁts of a Smart Business Cockpit
●Describe how to install the KPI Designer
●Describe how to use the KPI tiles in the SAP Fiori launchpad
Lesson: Setting Up the Smart Business Framework
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Unit 6
Lesson 2
Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Create a KPI tile conﬁguring all necessary KPI Modeler apps
●Describe the drill down from a KPI tile from an end user perspective
KPI Modeler Apps
Figure 91: Create a KPI Create KPI Tile and KPI Workspace Tile
If you want to create a KPI, you can either start with theCreate KPIapp or theKPI Workspace
app.
The advantage of theKPI Workspaceapp is that you can edit your KPI afterwards, which is not
possible with theCreate KPIapp.
The ﬁgure, Create a KPI Create KPI Tile and KPI Workspace Tile, gives an example of how to
set up a KPI based on an Analytical Query, its OData Service, and the Entity Set that refers to
the OData Service.
Note:
If an OData Service contains parameters, the OData Service delivers two Entity
Sets: one for the parameters and one for the requested data.
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You should be able to select the OData Service using the Input Help, because the Analytical
Query has Annotation @OData publish: true and the service is published. If you cannot select
the OData Service, execute transaction/N/IWFND/MAINT_SERVICE for your service and
reactivate the service. Then, the Input Help in the KPI Workspace, for example, theCreate KPI
tile should work.
With theValue Measureﬁeld, you enter the measure that you want to monitor in the KPI or the
base for the KPI.
Figure 92: Create Evaluation Tile
To display the KPI, associate it with an evaluation. TheEvaluationﬁlters the data of the KPI
and is a combination of ﬁlter settings and input parameters, as well as thresholds. In this way
you deﬁne what information about the KPI is visible to the SAP Smart Business user at
runtime.
Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
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Note:
Several diﬀerent evaluations can be applied to a single KPI.
Only active evaluations are available at run time. To visualize an evaluation, you
must create a tile using theConﬁgure KPI Tilesapp.
Input Parameters - Filters:
If you use a content Analytical Query, the input parameter G/L Account
(Hierarchy) is presented. Before you select a hierarchy like YCOA, in 1709, it is
necessary in 1709, once, to either use transactionSE38to execute report
FINS_HRRP_MANUAL_REP or to execute the SAP Fiori appReplicate Runtime
Hierarchyfor your hierarchy. This copies the hierarchy in a runtime optimized
layer for hierarchies. As of 1802, this will no longer be necessary.
Only the Value TypeThreshold Relative to Targetallows working with percentages.
The KPI above contains a value of EUR 7200. The status color of the KPI is green
with a measure for target value “Plan in Euro‘“ of EUR 8280.
The KPI tile in this case shows the sum of all actual costs for all months of the
current year 2018 for cost center IBPF_CC20. If the end user wants more details
on the KPI, you must conﬁgure a drilldown.
The status coloring can only be seen in the KPI value in the KPI tile. If you add a
drilldown to the KPI tile, the status coloring will never be seen in the drilldown
results. AllTarget,Thresholds, andTrendﬁelds are optional ﬁelds. If you don´t
want any status coloring, you can leave them blank.
In a scenario where you setFixed ValueasValue Type, it can make sense to deﬁne
Trend,Target, andReference Value. In this case, the three of them would be ﬁxed
values, for example a margin of 25% or a DAX index value.
You can only use theTrendﬁeld, if you create a tile of typeActual versus Target
Tilein theCreate Tileapp.
When you select a measure in theCreate Evaluationapp, there is an option to
choose the requiredScalingandDecimalprecision. If you need theScalingand
Decimalprecision properties applied on measures other than the main KPI
measure, you must enter all thoseMeasuresinSelect Additional Measures.
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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Figure 93: Create Tile App
There are several ways that the tile presents the KPI value. This is deﬁned in theAdd Tileapp.
Depending on the selectedTileformat, diﬀerent values can be seen on a KPI tile. For example,
theActual vs. Targettile shows the Actual value, the Reference value, and the Target value on
one common tile. It is the only tile that uses theTrendﬁeld from theCreate Evaluationtile.
You can choose from one of the following tile formats in the Library:
Numeric
Data is presented in a number format. The aggregate value of the KPI main measure of
the evaluation is displayed on the tile. The color of the value indicates whether the value
is in conformance with the threshold values deﬁned for the evaluation.
Comparison
You select a dimension for which to show the top KPI values in comparison to each other.
For example, if you select Customer as the dimension, you see a comparison of the
values for the top customers contributing to this KPI.
Trend
Data is presented as a line chart illustrating the trend over time. You must enter a time
dimension representing a duration (for example, month or week) to visualize this tile.
Actual vs. Target
Data is presented graphically in the form of a bullet chart that shows the current value of
the KPI in relation to the target value and its thresholds.
Comparison Tile Multiple Measure
You select multiple measures to be displayed on the tile. You must select at least two
measures. Only a maximum of three measures are allowed. You must select at least two
measures or a maximum of three measures. The measures should be either the
evaluation main measure or threshold measures or one of the additional measures
deﬁned for the evaluation using the Create Evaluation modeler app. You can associate
semantic coloring with each of the measures that you choose.
Dual
Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
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You can create a dual tile, which is a 2x1 tile. In the dual tile, the left part always shows the
KPI measure in numeric format, but the right part can show any one of the mini chart
visualizations supported by Smart Business.
Figure 94: Target Navigation (1 of 3)
If a target navigation for the KPI tile is deﬁned, you can jump from the KPI tile to the target
app. This is shown in the ﬁgure, Target Navigation (1 of 3). In this case, theOpenbutton is
active and allows the jump to another application.
Note:
If you want to navigate from a Smart Business app (KPI tile) to another Smart
Business app (KPI tile), you can create a mini tile while conﬁguring the drilldown.
For moving from a Design Studio app, like theCost Centers Plan/Actualtile to
other apps (using theJumpTobutton), there is no special logic available. The SAP
Fiori launchpad APIs tell Design Studio which navigation targets are available for a
certain semantic object.
Jumping from a Design Studio app to other apps is not oﬀered for targets with
mandatory parameters.
Because Smart Business apps like KPI tiles need an Evaluation ID to launch the
app, they are not oﬀered as navigation targets underJump To.
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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Figure 95: Target Navigation (2 of 3)
To useOpen tofrom a KPI tile, the target mapping (semantic object and action) either has to
be assigned to the KPI Deﬁnition or the Evaluation, depending on whether the target app is the
same for all evaluations of a KPI or whether the target app has to be diﬀerent per evaluation of
the KPI.
Therefore, if, for example, you have two tiles (one for Evaluation 1 (France), and another for
Evaluation 2 (Germany) based on the same KPI deﬁnition, you could centrally set the
navigation target in the KPI deﬁnition instead of setting it per Evaluation.
Note:
If there is a mandatory parameter in the target mapping of the app, then those
parameters won’t be listed inOpen In.
You can check whether a mandatory parameter exists in the SAP Fiori Launchpad
Designer.
Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
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Figure 96: Target Navigation (3 of 3)
Using the SAP Fiori launchpad designer, you can check target mappings for existing
applications as described in the ﬁgure, Target Navigation (3 of 3).
Figure 97: Create Drill-Down Tile
TheCreate KPI Drill-Downapp allows you to conﬁgure the generic drill-down application that
you navigate to when you choose the KPI tile in the runtime environment.
There are several diﬀerent kinds of charts available, and you can conﬁgure aspects such as
the color, how the data is sorted, and whether data from associated KPIs should be displayed.
A drill-down conﬁguration can consist of many views in either the chart or table format. You
can reorganize the views, and edit or delete them as required.
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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Note:
It is necessary to create at least one drill-down for an evaluation of your KPI. A
drill-down conﬁguration can consist of many views in either the chart or table
format.
In the upper right corner of theDrill Downapp, you can add furtherViewsand also
addMini Charts.
Hide in Table
You can hide the measure or dimension in the table view.
Visualization Type
If you conﬁgure a chart visualization, then, at run time the SAP Smart Business, users
can toggle to a table view. However, if you conﬁgure a table visualization, there is no
option to toggle to a chart view at runtime. To view and edit chart stacking settings, the
threshold value speciﬁed (in case of auto semantic color scheme) at a chart level, click
theGearicon beside the visualization type. Other chart settings in this section, such as
conﬁguring the axis, the values, and the color scheme, are disabled if they are not
relevant for the selected chart type.
Single or a Dual Axis
This is applicable only to bar or column charts. In a dual axis chart, only two bars or
columns are present, therefore all measures must either be part of the ﬁrst bar or column
(Stack 1) or second bar or column (Stack 2). Dimension stacking is not possible in a dual
axis chart.
Conﬁgure the Color Scheme
Default Colors: These colors are applied directly by the SAP Fiori framework
Auto Semantic Colors: You must mark one measure as the threshold measure. At run
time the other measures are automatically colored with the good semantic color or the
bad semantic color based on how the value of the measure compares to the value of the
threshold measure.
Note:
The User has no inﬂuence on the chosen color.
It is not possible to refer to the Status colors deﬁned for the KPI using the
Color Scheme.
Scaling
Absolute value charts display the exact value in the graph. Percentage value graphs
display the scale of the axis from 0 to 100 and all measures are stacked. Dimension
staking is not possible here, and the sum of the percentage values of all the bars or
columns for each dimension in always 100. In a percentage value chart, the value inside
the bar or column represents the absolute value. Only the axis values are in percentage
basis.
Scaling - Percentage-Based Main Measures
If the evaluation for which the drill-down is conﬁgured has a percentage-based (%) main
measure, then all threshold measures are also considered to be percentage-based
measures. All other measures are assumed to be non-percentage-based measures.
Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
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When displaying the values of the percentage-based measures, the value fetched from
back end is multiplied by 100. For example, if back end returns 0.70, then it is displayed
as 70%.
Set the Data Limit
By default, theSet Data Limitcheckbox is unchecked. Selecting this checkbox opens a
textbox where you can enter a valid integer representing the number of records to be
retrieved. By default this value is set to200. Changing this number is only necessary if
the data source is set to Runtime Mode (see Data in this document). If you set the data
limit, this is the maximum number of records that the system retrieves at run time. If you
do not set the data limit at design time, at run time the system retrieves all data in the
back end.
Data
This setting is only for the preview mode of the visualization at design time. At run time,
SAP Smart Business always retrieves the real-time data from the back end. By default,
the data shown in the design time chart conﬁguration is dummy data. If required, you can
selectRuntime Modeto use the real-time data. This setting is not saved, therefore, each
time you visit this screen, the data source points to dummy data.
Figure 98: Preview
If measure-based threshold values are deﬁned for the evaluation, the KPI aggregate value
shown in the drill-down header section is colored at runtime. The color indicates how the KPI
aggregate value is performing with respect to the deﬁned thresholds. In the case of ﬁxed value
thresholds, the KPI aggregate value is not colored.
At runtime, the legend is not displayed for a chart view. However, the user can enable the
legend using theLegendicon on the chart toolbar. If only the evaluation’s main measure is
displayed in the view, the name of the measure is not shown in the axis.
At runtime, users can export all data in Excel format. The data set used for the export is the
complete data set in the back end, but considers any speciﬁed data limit. The sort order, if
speciﬁed, is also preserved. Data in any hidden columns (in the table view) is also exported.
At runtime, users can choose to deselect some of the measures displayed in the chart view.
The deselected measures only apply to the view that is currently displayed.
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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At runtime, the SAP Smart Business user can carry out the following adjustments to the ﬁlter:
●Toggle the visibility of the ﬁlter bar.
●Reset the applied ﬁlter values toAllfor all of the dimensions currently added to the ﬁlter
bar.
●Add any of the remaining dimensions present in the VDM to the ﬁlter bar, or hide
dimensions that are currently visible.
The ﬁx ﬁlter settings were set in theCreate Evaluationapp, likeControlling Area A000.
You can choose theAdd Filtericon to select further ﬁelds and dimension values. You can reset
this ﬁlter at any time.
A change in ﬁlter values triggers a refresh of the KPI aggregate value, the mini charts, and the
view currently being displayed. The data is displayed with the ﬁlter values applied. Mini charts
for which the ﬁlter dimensions are not suitable are not displayed.
Figure 99: Add Mini Charts to the Drilldown
It is possible to add additional information in mini-format to the drill-down. This means adding
a further KPI to the Launch page.
Due to performance reasons, the mini charts are only shown when you click them.
This means that, when you add mini charts to the drill-down, the additional load on the
system aﬀects performance.
If the SAP Smart Business user applies a value ﬁlter for any of the dimensions, the values in
the mini chart are updated based on the ﬁlter. If it is not possible to apply the ﬁlter, the mini
chart is overlaid by a gray area to indicate that it might be outdated.
The following types of mini chart are supported:
●Number
●Bullet
●Trend
Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
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●Comparison
●Comparison multiple measures
Any or all of these visualizations can be added to the header for all evaluations related to the
current evaluation for which the drill-down is conﬁgured. This includes the current KPI’s other
evaluations, as well as all evaluations of the KPIs associated with the current KPI.
Note:
Navigation from one Smart Business (KPI) generic drill-down to another Smart
Business (KPI) generic drill-down is only possible via the mini charts for which the
Smart Business generic drill-down has been conﬁgured.
Generally, if you want to navigate from a Smart Business app (KPI tile) to another Smart
Business app (KPI tile), you can do it by creating a mini tile while conﬁguring the drilldown.
Figure 100: Manage KPI Associations
TheManage Associationsapp allows you to create associations between KPIs. Two types of
association are available: supporting or conﬂicting.
You deﬁne a supporting association between two performance indicators whenever a change
in one aﬀects the other in the same direction (for example, theManufacturing Cost KPI
supports theNet Cost of Goods Sold KPI). If the two performance indicators inﬂuence each
other negatively (for example, theNet Cost KPIimpacts negatively on and theNet Sales KPI),
you deﬁne a conﬂicting association.
You can use these associations later in theConﬁgure KPI Drill-Downapp to add the tile
visualizations of associated evaluations to the mini charts.
As with all other SAP Smart Business modeler entities, you must activate the association
before it can be accessed by the other apps.
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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Figure 101: Add KPI Tile to SAP Fiori Launchpad Group
The ﬁgure, Add KPI Tile to SAP Fiori Launchpad Group, describes how to add the KPI tile to
your group in the SAP Fiori launchpad.
Note:
It might be necessary to empty the cache before you can open your new tile.
Figure 102: Navigation in the Drill Down Views
The ﬁgure, Navigation in the Drill Down Views, explains the navigation.
Lesson: Conﬁguring a KPI Tile Using the KPI Designer
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Note:
If you select a value in the selected Drill Down View and navigate to the next
detailed view, this target view automatically shows detailed data only for the
selected source value. In this example, Actuals in Euro and Plan Data in Euro are
only shown for G/L Account 63004000.
To return to undo the navigation, chooseBack.
Figure 103: Filter Drill Down View to Person Responsible
The ﬁgure, Filter Drill Down View to Person Responsible, shows how to get some information
about the Person Responsible for the By G/L Account View only.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Create a KPI tile conﬁguring all necessary KPI Modeler apps
●Describe the drill down from a KPI tile from an end user perspective
Unit 6: SAP Fiori Smart Business Framework The KPI Designer
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Unit 6
Learning Assessment
1. SAP Smart Business applications use CDS Views as user interface.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. The KPI Modeler is only supported on desktop computers that are equipped with a mouse
or a similar pointing device.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. Navigation from one Smart Business generic drill-down to another Smart Business
generic drill-down isnotpossible via the mini charts for which the Smart Business generic
drill-down has been conﬁgured.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 6
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. SAP Smart Business applications use CDS Views as user interface.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. SAP Smart Business applications use SAP Fiori as a user interface.
2. The KPI Modeler is only supported on desktop computers that are equipped with a mouse
or a similar pointing device.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The KPI Modeler is only supported on desktop computers that are equipped with
a mouse or a similar pointing device.
3. Navigation from one Smart Business generic drill-down to another Smart Business
generic drill-down isnotpossible via the mini charts for which the Smart Business generic
drill-down has been conﬁgured.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. Navigation from one Smart Business (KPI) generic drill-down to another Smart
Business (KPI) generic drill-down isonlypossible via the mini charts for which the Smart
Business generic drill-down has been conﬁgured.
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UNIT 7Report Designer
Lesson 1
Building Graphical Visualizations of Reports using the Report Designer Apps 126
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Use the Report Designer apps
●Navigate in your Reporting tile
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Unit 7
Lesson 1
Building Graphical Visualizations of Reports
using the Report Designer Apps
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Use the Report Designer apps
●Navigate in your Reporting tile
Report Designer Modeling Apps
Figure 104: Report Design Modeling Apps
TheReport Designer Modelingapps are a set of SAP Fiori apps that a key user uses to deﬁne,
manage, and leverage consistent reports across all your business apps (for example,
reporting tools, dashboards, and custom-built apps).
These Reports are based on the Analytical List Page Smart Template.
Note:
To create new reports, you must understand related reports from the same and
from diﬀerent business areas. You must also be aware of the implications from a
business perspective of introducing the new report.
Therefore, theReport Designer Modelingapps are used principally by data
analysts or operations oﬃce employees.
In addition, technical knowledge and alignment with development teams that build
CDS views is required to link a report to a data source and provide the required
input parameters.
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IT administrative knowledge is required to authorize users and roles for evaluations and to
deﬁne navigation targets for tiles. Therefore, theCreate Report Evaluation, andPublish Report
apps are used principally by IT personnel.
Business knowledge is required to conﬁgure the drill-down views correctly and. as a result,
theConﬁgure Report Drill-Downapp is used mainly by data analysts and power users that are
close to business users who beneﬁt from and use the drill-down views at runtime.
Figure 105: Create Reports App and the Create Report Evaluation App
Use theCreate Reportsapp to create reports based on measures of the related Analytical
Query.
In theCreate Reportsapp,TitleandDescriptioncan also be maintained in additional
languages. The ID appears automatically when you open theCreate Reportapp. Enter the
relevant data source details such as the Core Data Services (CDS) view, the OData service
path, and the entity set that corresponds to the CDS view.
ChooseActivateandAdd Evaluation. You are taken to theCreate Report Evaluationapp.
Use theCreate Report Evaluationto deﬁne a single report evaluation, which is a combination
of parameters, ﬁlter settings, and input parameters that are applicable to a report. The
evaluation deﬁnes what information about the report is visible to the user at runtime.
Note:
Instead of using theCreate ReportsandCreate Report Evaluationapps, you can
use theReport Workspaceapp to manage all reports and evaluations that are
available in the system through theReport WorkspaceWorkspace app.
TheReport Workspaceapp allows you to access all of your reports in one place.
You can create, activate, edit, delete, or duplicate a report, as well as add it to your
favorites.
Lesson: Building Graphical Visualizations of Reports using the Report Designer Apps
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Figure 106: Conﬁgure Report Drill-Down App and Publish Report App
Use theConﬁgure Report Drill-Downapp to deﬁne what happens when the user clicks the tile
at run time. You use this app to conﬁgure a chart and a table for an active evaluation. For the
chart, you can conﬁgure the color and how the data is sorted.
Note:
A drill-down conﬁguration can consist of a maximum of two views, which is a
combination of one chart and table.
There are several diﬀerent kinds of charts available and you can conﬁgure aspects such as
the color, how the data is sorted, and display them as charts and tables.
Single or a Dual Axis
This is applicable only to bar or column charts.
If you conﬁgure a dual axis, then you must also select the measure against which each axis
should be created.
In a dual axis chart, only two bars or columns are present, therefore, all measures must either
be part of the ﬁrst bar or column (Stack 1), or second bar or column (Stack 2).
As part of dual axis conﬁguration, at run time you can specify which measures should make
up the Stack 1, all other measures are then added to Stack 2. Dimension stacking is not
possible in a dual axis chart. In case of dual axis, stacking is applied by default.
Absolute or Percentage Values
Absolute charts display the exact value in the graph. Percentage graphs display the scale of
the axis from 0 to 100 (based on possible percentage values).
Facet Filter
At design time, you can choose the default dimensions that appear in the facet ﬁlter bar at run
time; however you cannot pre-select default values for each of the dimensions. The facet ﬁlter
allows the end user to ﬁlter the information shown on the screen at run time. The user can
ﬁlter based on any of the dimensions present in the entity set of the virtual data model (VDM)
in the back end.
Unit 7: Report Designer
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Use thePublish Reportapp to createone and only onetile for the report. You conﬁgure this
tile for an active evaluation. The tile is the starting point for further analysis in the report. Here
you must specify the semantic object and action with which the SAP Fiori framework can start
the Report application.
The Analytical List Page is launched on publishing the report.
Figure 107: Add the Report Tile from Your Catalog to Your Group in the SAP Fiori Launchpad
The ﬁgure, Add the Report Tile from Your Catalog to Your Group in the SAP Fiori launchpad,
describes how to add theReporttile to your group in the SAP Fiori launchpad.
Note:
It may be necessary to delete the cache before you can open your new tile.
Figure 108: Report Navigation
Lesson: Building Graphical Visualizations of Reports using the Report Designer Apps
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When you execute the Report tile, you see theInput Parameterand the parameter values of
your variable in theFiltersection.
For ﬂexible analysis, the user can always select from all ﬁelds of the underlying Analytical
Query. You can select further dimensions into theFilter Barusing theAdapt Filterslink and
restrict the selection for these dimensions. The reported data automatically adapts to the
changed selection.
The Table view and Chart view are always shown together.
Using theDrilldownbutton in the Chart View, you can decide in how much detail you want to
analyze your data, and which dimensions your drilldown has to contain.
TheSettingsicon can be used separately, oneSettingsicon exists for the Chart View, one for
the Table View. Using theSettingsicon, you can select additional ﬁelds from the underlying
Analytical Query for on-demand reporting. You can decide where to position them. You can
sort and ﬁlter the additional ﬁelds.
Figure 109: “Show All Items” Versus “Only Show Items Selected on the Chart”
Use theShow all ItemsorOnly Show Items selected on the Charticons in the table view to
decide whether you still want to see all data of the table view, or only the data that you
selected in the chart.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Use the Report Designer apps
●Navigate in your Reporting tile
Unit 7: Report Designer
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Unit 7
Learning Assessment
1. The Create Report Evaluation app and the Publish Report app are used principally by IT
personnel. The Conﬁgure Report Drill-Down app is used mainly by data analysts and
power users.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. The Report Workspace app is used to create Threshold Coloring for the Report measures.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. In the Publish Report app, you have to conﬁgure the tile to which you want to jump by
specifying the semantic object and action of the target app.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 7
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. The Create Report Evaluation app and the Publish Report app are used principally by IT
personnel. The Conﬁgure Report Drill-Down app is used mainly by data analysts and
power users.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The Create Report Evaluation app and the Publish Report app are used principally
by IT personnel. The Conﬁgure Report Drill-Down app is used mainly by data analysts and
power users.
2. The Report Workspace app is used to create Threshold Coloring for the Report measures.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
X
True
XFalse
Correct. The Report Workspace app isnotused to create Threshold Coloring for the
Report measures.
3. In the Publish Report app, you have to conﬁgure the tile to which you want to jump by
specifying the semantic object and action of the target app.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. In the Publish Report app, you have to conﬁgure the tile to which you want to
jump by specifying the semantic object and action of the target app.
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UNIT 8Analysis Path
Framework (APF)
Conﬁguration Modeler
Lesson 1
Creating an APF Conﬁguration 134
Lesson 2
Creating an Analysis Path 142
Lesson 3
Launching the APF Conﬁguration in a KPI Tile 150
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Use the Analysis Path Framework (APF) framework
●Set up an Analysis Path
●Describe the ﬁlter possibilities that you have in an Analysis Path
●Navigate to a target app from your Analysis Path
●Execute the APF conﬁguration from an end user perspective
●Integrate an APF conﬁguration into a Smart Business KPI tile
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Unit 8
Lesson 1
Creating an APF Conﬁguration
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Use the Analysis Path Framework (APF) framework
Introduction to the APF Conﬁguration Modeler
Figure 110: Analysis Path Framework (APF)
Analysis Path Framework (APF) is a framework for creating interactive, chart-oriented
analytical drilldown apps by conﬁguration. APF-based apps enable the user to view and
analyze the data of several KPIs from diﬀerent data sources. APF is the oldest of all analysis
tools and can be compared to the Report Modeler.
Users can interactively explore data step by step from diﬀerent perspectives to analyze and
investigate root causes. In each analysis step, you can investigate KPIs and select relevant
data to ﬁlter the information provided in subsequent steps. By combining diﬀerent analysis
steps and applying ﬁlters, you interactively create your own ﬂexible analysis path.
APF can consume OData services that are based on the following data sources:
●Calculation views
●ABAP CDS views
●BW OData queries
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Using the APF tool you can’t create tiles. Tiles have to be created using the KPI Modeler app,
Conﬁgure KPI Tile. Therefore APF is integrated intoSAP Smart Businessas an advanced KPI
drilldown option.
Strengths of APF
●It is a SAPUI5 library for interactive data exploration.
●It is easy to use: for a given data model you can conﬁgure analysis steps in a modeler.
●It is integrated into SAP Fiori launchpad to deﬁne KPI tiles.
●The SAP Fiori interaction allows Insight to Action scenarios where the status of an APF
application is transferred to an SAP Fiori app. APF bridges the gap between analytics and
operations.
Use Case
A typical application is SAP Smart Business cockpits that give the user insight in operational
data (think of days sales outstanding calculations, work items, open insurance claims for
example) and navigate into transactional SAP Fiori apps to work on this data.
Advantages
APF applications are only conﬁguration. If the SAP data model is deﬁned, you can run APF
conﬁgurations on the ﬂy.
Disadvantages
There is no free analysis but there are deﬁned steps the user has to follow.
Figure 111: APF Conﬁguration Modeler
If you open the APF Conﬁguration Modeler, you are led to theApplication Overviewand can
ﬁnd all of the applications that you have deﬁned.
For each application, you can deﬁne several versions.
Lesson: Creating an APF Conﬁguration
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Note:
The application description here is like a structuring note that helps to organize
the relation conﬁgurations. It is only used to distinguish the diﬀerent applications
at design time. The description is visible in the APF Conﬁguration Modeler only
and not at run time. It is not translated.
To add an application, click the + icon.
Semantic Object
Preﬁlled withFioriApplication. Keep this default entry if you use the generic APF runtime
application. You can change the semantic object any time, but the entry here must be the
same as the one you make when conﬁguring the Smart Business KPI tile or an SAP Fiori app
launcher tile.
Figure 112: Create a New Conﬁguration and Create a New Category
Once you have created an application, you can add a conﬁguration to it.
Conﬁguration Title
Text used as title at run time. This title is translated.
Conﬁguration ID
Generated GUID that is required for conﬁguring an SAP Fiori app launcher tile. This ID
cannot be changed.
Semantic Object
Inherited from the application. It is displayed for information only and cannot be changed
here.
An application can have several conﬁgurations. Often these conﬁgurations are diﬀerent
versions of the same app as in the ﬁgure, Create a New Conﬁguration and Create a New
Category, where we have an executive version and an expert version.
Categories help to group and organize analysis steps. A category only needs a title before you
can continue to assign steps to it.
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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At run time, the categories are displayed in the same order as they appear here.
Figure 113: Create Analysis Steps
To create an analysis step, select the category you want to create the step in and choose
Add→Step→New Step.
Analysis steps can be assigned to multiple categories. To assign a previously created step to
another category, proceed in one of the following ways:
●Select the category you want to assign the step to and chooseAdd→Step→Existing
Step.
●Select the step and add the category in theCategory Titleﬁeld.
Note:
When you edit an analysis step that is assigned to multiple categories, the
changes take eﬀect in all categories in which this step is used.
Step Title
The title displayed in the analysis step gallery and with the thumbnails in the analysis
path display.
Step Long Title
The title displayed above the representation in the analysis step display. If no long title is
deﬁned, the title entered in theStep Titleﬁeld is used instead.
Category Assignments
The categories in which the analysis step is displayed in the analysis step gallery. At least
one category must be entered here. When ﬁrst creating a step, this ﬁeld is already ﬁlled
with the category in which you create the step. You can enter additional categories so
that the step is displayed in all of these categories.
Request
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Here, you enter information for the request that deﬁnes the data provisioning for the
analysis step.
Service
Path to the OData service root. If you use ABAP CDS views or BW OData queries, select a
service from the value help, which lists all services available on SAP Gateway. If you use
calculation views, you must enter the service manually.
Properties
When you select the Properties only pick those that you want to be displayed in the
presentation. You don´t have to take into consideration additional properties that may be
handed over from previous steps at runtime.
The drill-down dimensions, measures, and additional information, for example, the
currency, used in the step. Ensure that you select only those properties that shall be
displayed in the representation.
Selectable Property
When you enter a Selectable Property like customer the user can select customers in the
chart. If nothing is entered here, nothing can be selected in any representation of this
step.
If you have selected both a key property and the corresponding text property in the
Properties ﬁeld, you can deﬁne for the selectable property what is displayed at runtime:
the key only, the text only, or both key and text.
This takes eﬀect in the selection information dialog box, showing which elements are
selected in the current analysis step as well as in the ﬁlter information dialog box,
showing the ﬁlters that aﬀect the current analysis step.
Data Reduction
You can reduce the number of data records that are sent to the front end for this analysis
step. The Top N approach is useful if you know that for this analysis step it is suﬃcient to
look at the most relevant data records only instead of sending all data points to the UI.
Figure 114: Create a New Representation for an Analysis Step
To create a representation, select the step you want to create the representation for, then
clickAdd→New Representation. You can also copy an existing representation and modify it.
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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Visualization
Select a chart type or table representation from the value help.
Basic DataDepending on the chart type you chose, enter data such as the dimension for the horizontal
axis and the legend, and the measure. Some chart types oﬀer more ﬁelds, for example, the
stacked column chart, or fewer ﬁelds, for example, the pie chart.
If you have selected both a key property and the corresponding text property for a dimension
at step level, you can deﬁne for each representation what is displayed at runtime: the key
only, the text only, or both key and text.
The default label text for each property is derived from the sap:label annotation of the
property. You can see that the default text is used when you see Label (Default) in front of the
entry ﬁeld. You can overwrite the default text with your own label text as required. When you
delete the label text, the default label is displayed again.
Ensure that all properties of drill-down dimensions that are selected for the step are also used
in the representation for this step. Otherwise the data may not be displayed correctly.
Sorting
You can deﬁne whether certain properties are applied to the data request and subsequently
to the chart as sorting criteria. You can also specify the sorting direction (ascending or
descending) for each property. If you don’t specify a sorting ﬁeld, the data is displayed in the
order provided by the OData service.
If sorting criteria have been deﬁned in the Data Reduction section of the step conﬁguration,
they are copied to the representation and cannot be changed here.
Note:
Not all representations support sorting by more than one property to the full
extent.
Corner Texts for Thumbnails
The texts that are displayed in the four corners of the thumbnail in the analysis path display.
All of them are optional.
The ﬁelds are preﬁlled with the texts entered at step level, if applicable. When a text is entered
or changed on representation level, this text takes precedence over the corresponding text
entered at step level and is displayed at runtime. When you now again change the same text
at step level, this change is not copied to the representation and also not reﬂected at runtime.
This only applies to those representations where a change has been made on representation
level.
You can clickPreviewto see what the representation and the thumbnail will look like at run
time. The preview is based on dummy data and does not show the real data conﬁgured for the
step.
Note:
At run time, for each representation there is also an alternative table
representation available. The user can toggle between the chart representation
and the table representation.
Lesson: Creating an APF Conﬁguration
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Exception
The alternative representation is not available if the representation itself is a table. The
alternative table representation is created implicitly for each representation and you do not
have to deﬁne it in the APF Conﬁguration Modeler.
Figure 115: Create a New Filter
Filters appear at the top of an APF-based app and are used to narrow down the data of an
entire Analysis path.
The property is the ﬁeld for which you want to conﬁgure a ﬁlter. This property is also used as
the property displayed in the ﬁlter if an alias is not deﬁned. Values that the user selects in the
ﬁlter are handed over to the entire analysis path as ﬁlter.
To determine the values that are displayed in the ﬁlter, we have to specify a value help
request. The path to the OData Service root and the Entity Set that corresponds to the SAP
HANA View are set here. Finally, the properties that are shown in the value help are set. We
choose key and text here. If the ﬁeld name of the property is diﬀerent from the ﬁeld name in
Properties of the value help request you also have to enter an alias.
Do not Show Filter at Runtime
Select this checkbox if you do not want to expose this ﬁlter at run time. This is useful when a
request requires a mandatory ﬁlter or parameter that is not coming in from outside APF, for
example, with the Smart Business context, and if it is not necessary that users see or change
the ﬁlter.
Note:
When you select this checkbox, any information you may have entered for value
help request and ﬁlter resolution request is deleted. When you decide later on to
show the ﬁlter at runtime, you must ﬁll in this information again as required.
Selection Mode
Choose whether you want to allow single selection or multiple selections.
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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Default Value Mode
Select Automatic Values if you want the system to determine the default values
automatically. If there is single selection, the ﬁrst entry in the value help of the ﬁlter is selected
by default. If there is multiple selection, all values are selected by default.
SelectFixed Valuesif you want to list speciﬁc values that are preselected in the value help.
SelectFunctionif you want to specify a function that calculates the default values.
Note:
If a context is handed over from a Smart Business KPI tile for this ﬁlter property,
this context replaces the default values. The default values are used as a fallback
only. This is necessary because it is not possible to have an empty ﬁlter.
Value Help Mode
SelectValue Help Requestif you want to specify a request to generate the list of values in the
value help. If selected, the Value Help entries remain but cannot be edited. If deselected, the
Value Help entries remain but can be edited.
SelectConﬁgured List of Valuesif you want to enter the values for the value help manually.
SelectNoneif of the above options apply. The values in the value help can then result only
from default values or from a context that is handed over from outside, for example, from a
Smart Business KPI tile.
Values
Manual list of values for the value help. Displayed only when you selectConﬁgured List of
Values.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Use the Analysis Path Framework (APF) framework
Lesson: Creating an APF Conﬁguration
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Unit 8
Lesson 2
Creating an Analysis Path
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Set up an Analysis Path
●Describe the ﬁlter possibilities that you have in an Analysis Path
●Navigate to a target app from your Analysis Path
Setting Up an Analysis Path including Filtering and Navigating to Other Apps
Figure 116: Create an Analysis Path (1 of 2)
If you want to create an analysis path in an application that is based on APF framework, ﬁrst,
make your settings in the facet ﬁlters. You can select all members, one or multiple members
from the list of members. When selected, click outside the list to apply these selections.
If you change ﬁlter selections, all changes ﬁlter down to all the charts displayed in the current
analysis path.
Then, chooseAdd Analysis Stepto add your ﬁrst analysis step.
This takes you theAnalysis Step Gallerywhich is grouped according to categories. Choose a
category to display the available analysis steps for this category. Select an analysis step to
display the chart types available for the analysis step. Select the chart type that you want to
start your analysis with.
To ﬁnd out more, add further analysis steps.
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Figure 117: Create an Analysis Path (2 of 2)
A path is always saved including the selections that you made to ﬁlter the data and saving is
user-speciﬁc and client-speciﬁc.
Figure 118: Filter Data (1 of 2)
If you create the ﬁrst analysis step, and, here, select the customers where a closer look pays
oﬀ, the selections that you make are used as ﬁlters for any subsequent steps.
Therefore, the second chart is instantly updated to reﬂect the selection. The chart now only
shows the revenues for the materials sold to the selected customers.
If further charts below the second chart exist, they are all adapted instantly.
Lesson: Creating an Analysis Path
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Figure 119: Filter Data (2 of 2)
If you then select some of the materials and for further ﬁltering, the next step is updated
instantly. You can follow this idea of ﬁltering data for as many steps as you have.
To remove the ﬁltering, deselect the customers in the ﬁrst step and all subsequent steps are
updated.
Note:
If you remove the ﬁrst analysis step from the Analysis Path, the ﬁlter is also
removed and the remaining charts are instantly updated.
Figure 120: Change the Order of Analysis Steps
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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Start a new analysis selecting some materials in Analysis Step, Revenue by Material Sold.
Then, change the order of the step, so that the second step becomes the ﬁrst step.
As a consequence, the analysis path is instantly updated. The ﬁlter based on the selected
materials now also applies to the step, Revenue by Customer. You can now see to which
customers the selected materials were sold.
Figure 121: Setting Up the Smart Filter Bar (1 of 2)
In general, you have two options to conﬁgure global ﬁlters for an APF-based application, Facet
Filters and Smart Filters.
Facet Filters
TheFacet Filteronly shows the ﬁlter values for a dimension like Sales Organization, for which
actual data exists in the presented chart.
Smart Filter
TheSmart Filtershows all existing ﬁlter values for a dimension, for which a user is authorized.
TheSmart Filter Barcontrol uses the OData metadata of an entity type to create a ﬁlter bar. If
you use an entity type that provides all of the properties that you want to oﬀer as ﬁlters, you
can simply enter this entity type to conﬁgure the smart ﬁlter bar. As a result, all properties
coming from this entity type are available as ﬁlters in the ﬁlter bar. This saves you the eﬀort of
conﬁguring each ﬁlter individually.
Compared to the facet ﬁlters, the smart ﬁlter bar oﬀers further advanced options:
●Rule-based ﬁltering using operators such as “contains”, “between”, or “greater than”
●Use of The Date Picker control
●Paging for value lists, which can avoid performance issues in the case of very large lists
Lesson: Creating an Analysis Path
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Figure 122: Setting Up the Smart Filter Bar (2 of 2)
At run time, the smart ﬁlter bar is rendered based on the annotations of the speciﬁed service.
Whether certain ﬁlters are already visible or not depends on the metadata. You can add more
ﬁlters and select data as required.
The settings that you make are applied to the analysis path as soon as you do one of the
following:
●ChooseGo
●Make a change to the analysis path that triggers a path update, for example, add an
analysis step or change the sequence of the steps
Note:
When an external context is handed over to the APF-based app, for example, from
a Smart Business KPI tile, all properties from the context that are part of the smart
ﬁlter bar are preselected in the ﬁlter bar. All other properties are applied to the
analysis path in the background, like hidden ﬁlters.
When you have adjusted the smart ﬁlter bar, for example, you have added further
ﬁlters or selected data, you can save these settings as a variant. Saving a variant is
independent from saving a path. Therefore, if you use a certain variant for an
analysis path, change the settings in the ﬁlter and then save the path, the path is
saved including all ﬁlters, but the variant is not overwritten.
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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Figure 123: Conﬁgure Navigation Targets Insight to Action (1 of 2)
The concept of conﬁguringNavigation Targetsand using them is referred to asInsight to
Action.
Navigation Targetsare used to jump into SAP Fiori Applications quickly, for example, to
trigger counter measures for an issue detected in the analysis or, as in the ﬁgure above, to
allow a jump to theCustomer - Master DataSAP Fiori app to get some more detailed
information about the customers.
To conﬁgure Navigation Targets, clickAddand chooseNew Navigation Target. In theBasic
Datasection, deﬁne a Navigation Target. Semantic objects are deﬁned in the SAP Fiori
launchpad catalog. Add a semantic object. The value help for the action is then ﬁlled with all
actions available for the selected semantic object. Select an action.
Both semantic object and action form an intent, which determines theNavigation Target. The
title is automatically ﬁlled from the description of the intent and can be changed.
In the assignment type section, decide whether a navigation target is available for all steps or
only for speciﬁc steps. If you selectAssign to Speciﬁc Steps, a second input ﬁeld appears,
where you have to select the steps to which the navigation targets have to be assigned.
When theNavigation Targetsare conﬁgured, they are set in theAnalysis Stepsautomatically,
as shown in the ﬁgure, Conﬁgure Navigation Targets Insight to Action (1 of 2).
TheUse Dynamic Parameterscheckbox determines how single value ﬁlters and parameters of
the application context are handed over to the navigation target. The application context
contains all ﬁlter and parameter values coming from global ﬁlters set in the ﬁlter bar,
selections in analysis steps, and the context of another application from which the APF-based
application has been launched.
By default, the checkbox is not selected. In this case, the application context is handed over to
the navigation target using an xApp state container.
Select theUse Dynamic Parameterscheckbox to expose all single value ﬁlters and
parameters from the context also as URL parameters. This may be required, for example, if
the navigation target is unable to consume a context from the xApp state, or if the intent of
the navigation target has mandatory parameters that must be provided as URL parameters.
Lesson: Creating an Analysis Path
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Figure 124: Conﬁgure Navigation Targets Insight to Action (2 of 2)
Navigation Targets can be used by choosing theOpen inbutton, which contains all navigation
targets available in the context of a certain analysis step. In the ﬁgure above, by navigating the
target app, you can get some additional information about customers` master data.
Note:
Navigation targets that appear with all steps of an analysis path are listed at the
bottom of the list.
Navigation targets that are step-speciﬁc are only shown with certain step, and are
listed at the top of the list.
When you navigate to another app, the context is handed over to this app, including start ﬁlter
of current analysis path, selections made in the steps, and additional properties. The target
app may not need the complete context, but only use the relevant parts of it.
Navigating back to the APF-based app using theBackicon, theAnalysis Pathis reloaded in
exactly the same way as it was before you navigated away to the other app.
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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Figure 125: Assign Role to User to Allow Target App Navigation
Note:
If your Navigation Target app is theCustomer Master Dataapp, you have to
selectCustomerasSemantic Objectand displayFactSheetasAction. You can use
this intent to open the master data app for customers only if the
SAP_BR_Sales_Manager role had been assigned to your user.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Set up an Analysis Path
●Describe the ﬁlter possibilities that you have in an Analysis Path
●Navigate to a target app from your Analysis Path
Lesson: Creating an Analysis Path
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Unit 8
Lesson 3
Launching the APF Conﬁguration in a KPI Tile
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Execute the APF conﬁguration from an end user perspective
●Integrate an APF conﬁguration into a Smart Business KPI tile
Assignment of an APF Conﬁguration to a KPI Tile and Execution
Figure 126: Smart Business Integration - Create a KPI Tile (1 of 2)
APF-based applications are integrated with SAP Smart Business and launched by KPI tiles.
Choose theCreate KPIapp in the KPI Modeler and enter the settings of your choice as in the
example above. You can enhance the evaluation with Status Coloring necessary.
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Figure 127: Smart Business Integration - Create a KPI Tile (2 of 2)
When you create a tile for your KPI, navigate to theNavigationarea, and selectAnalysis Path
Frameworkas Drill-Down. The semantic object and the action have to be ﬁlled manually, as
shown in the ﬁgure, for your generic application.
Select your APF conﬁguration, which is the integration point between APF and KPI tiles.
You can enhance your KPI tile with Drill-Downs if necessary.
Figure 128: Assign KPI Tile from a Catalog to an SAP Fiori Launchpad Group
The ﬁgure above describes how to add the KPI tile to your group in the SAP Fiori launchpad.
Note:
It may be necessary to delete the cache before you can open your new tile.
Lesson: Launching the APF Conﬁguration in a KPI Tile
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Figure 129: Analysis Path from End User Perspective
When you click the KPI tile, you launch your APF-based application from the SAP Smart
Business KPI Tile.
You can set your ﬁlter selections as global or private View as shown in the ﬁgure, Analysis
Path from End User Perspective.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Execute the APF conﬁguration from an end user perspective
●Integrate an APF conﬁguration into a Smart Business KPI tile
Unit 8: Analysis Path Framework (APF) Conﬁguration Modeler
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Unit 8
Learning Assessment
1. Executed selections in one analysis step aﬀect subsequent analysis steps in the Analysis
Path.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
2. The Smart Business ﬁlter only shows the ﬁlter values for a dimension like Sales
Organization for which actual data exists in the presented chart.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. The Facet Filter shows all existing ﬁlter values for a dimension, for which a user is
authorized.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 8
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. Executed selections in one analysis step aﬀect subsequent analysis steps in the Analysis
Path.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. Executed selections in one analysis step aﬀect subsequent analysis steps in the
Analysis Path.
2. The Smart Business ﬁlter only shows the ﬁlter values for a dimension like Sales
Organization for which actual data exists in the presented chart.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The Smart Filter shows all existing ﬁlter values for a dimension, for which a user is
authorized.
3. The Facet Filter shows all existing ﬁlter values for a dimension, for which a user is
authorized.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The Facet ﬁlter only shows the ﬁlter values for a dimension like Sales
Organization for which actual data exists in the presented chart.
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UNIT 9SAP Analytics UIs
Lesson 1
Using SAP Analysis for Oﬃce 156
Lesson 2
Using SAP Lumira Discovery 163
Lesson 3
Using SAP Lumira Designer 168
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Use the Analysis as a reporting tool
●Create an SAP Lumira Discovery Story
●Set up a Lumira Designer Web Application
●Assign a Lumira Discovery Story to a Lumira Designer Web Application
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Unit 9
Lesson 1
Using SAP Analysis for Oﬃce
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Use the Analysis as a reporting tool
SAP Analysis for Oﬃce
Figure 130: Custom Analytical Query as Data Source
SAP Analysis for Microsoft Oﬃce (AfO), is a Microsoft Oﬃce Add-In that allows
multidimensional Analysis of Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) sources.
When you install Analysis for Microsoft Oﬃce on your local machine, you can connect directly
to the following:
●A SAP Business Warehouse (BW) system
●A SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence (BI) Platform
●SAP HANA
Using Analysis for Oﬃce you can also access Core Data Services (CDS) view based queries
and view the report.
The Query is added to the Workbook as Data Source which in the workbook will be identiﬁed
as alias DS_1.
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Figure 131: Design Panel Analysis Tab and Information Tab
The Analysis Design Panel is an additional element on the user interface that you can use to
create new views on your data, to ﬁnd information on the used data sources and on the
components of the workbook.
On theAnalysistab of the Design Panel, you can see the available ﬁelds for a single data
source and the ﬁelds currently used to display the data in a crosstab, in columns and rows.
You can build your entire report using the Analysis tab only.
On theInformationtab, you can see detailed information about a data source or the complete
workbook. You can also ﬁnd information on ﬁlters and variables on this tab. The general
information is displayed as text elements. In the Information list, you can select the complete
workbook or one of the inserted data sources. The information ﬁelds are displayed for the
selected object. You can drag and drop these ﬁelds in Analysis.
To show and hide the Design Panel, chooseDisplay. You can modify the size and position of
the Design Panel in Microsoft Excel. Your modiﬁcations of the Design Panel are preserved
even if you close Analysis or hide the Design Panel and show it again.
Working with the Design Panel, the crosstab is updated after each navigation step.
Lesson: Using SAP Analysis for Oﬃce
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Figure 132: Design Panel Components Tab
On theComponentstab, you can see a list of all components used in the workbook together
with the properties of these components. You can choose if the components should be listed
by data source or by sheet. In both cases, the highest node of the list is the workbook. Below
this, the data sources or the sheets are displayed with their components. You can use the
context menu to manage the components.
A set of properties is available for each component. To see and change the properties for a
component, select the component in the structure.
Regardless of where the data originates, the report axis and data is inserted into an Analysis
crosstab. When you insert a data source in the worksheet, the report generated depends on
the deﬁnition of the data source. When the data source changes, reset the data source to see
the changes in Analysis. Refreshing the data source will not update your analysis with the
changes.
Figure 133: Navigate in the Data Source - Calculated Measures - Restricted Measures
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Based on measures that are available in your analysis, you can calculate new measures. The
newly created measures are added to the crosstab and to the design panel. In the design
panel, you can change the sequence of the measures, edit their names or delete them. You
can also switch the sequence directly on the crosstab using drag and drop, and edit the
names and delete measures with context menus.
For dynamic calculations, you use only one available measure for the calculation. For
example, you can add a new measure that displays the rank of each division according to
sales volume. If you now ﬁlter out or add new divisions to your analysis, the rank numbers
change dynamically.
For advanced calculations, you can use the free-form editor to create formulas with the
available measures in the workbook and with mathematical functions.
For SAP HANA data sources, you can add a new measure by restricting an existing one.
Figure 134: Working with SAP Formulas
You can use Analysis-speciﬁc formulas to enhance the appearance of your workbook.
Choose the Insert Formula (fx) icon in Microsoft Excel, then select category Analysis and you
will ﬁnd all delivered AfO formulas.
Lesson: Using SAP Analysis for Oﬃce
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Figure 135: Create Push Buttons
The ﬁgure, Create Push Buttons, shows how to insert Push Buttons to the Excel Sheet. You
will have to deﬁne a macro to deﬁne what the push button has to do when clicking it. In the
ﬁgure, Create Push Buttons, clicking the push button aﬀects the variable prompt coming up.
Note:
In the macro code DS_1 refers to the Custom Analytical Query´s alias DS_1.
Figure 136: Create Dynamic Charts
You can use Charts to provide a graphical representation of the data in the crosstab.
By inserting a chart in Analysis, the data of the entire crosstab is visualized in the chart. If you
want to visualize only a subset of the crosstab data, you can use Microsoft Excel functionality.
For a graphical presentation, charts can be inserted into the worksheet. Normal Excel
charting settings can then be used for ﬁne-tuning.
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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If you change the data displayed in the crosstab, for example, ﬁlter data, the chart is adapted
automatically.
Figure 137: Formatting the Crosstab
You can also use conditional Analysis formatting to highlight important values or unexpected
results in your data.
With conditional formatting, you deﬁne rules to select diﬀerent or critical values in a crosstab.
Results that fall outside a set of predetermined threshold values are highlighted in color or
designated with symbols.
This enables you to identify any results that deviate from the expected results. For example,
you directly see answers to questions, such as which products have over 10% revenue
increase this year or which regions have sales volume higher than a deﬁned amount.
You can add one or more rules to a conditional format and prioritize the application of the
rules in your crosstab. You can also deﬁne more than one conditional format in a worksheet
and decide for each of them when it should be active by toggling it on and oﬀ. Existing
conditional formats can be edited or deleted.
Every style consists of nine members. The numbers 1 to 9 represent the priority of the rule.
The following styles are available:
●Background: The background of the cells are colored.
●Values: The text of the cells is colored.
●Status Symbol: A symbol is displayed in the cells.
●Trend Ascending: A colored arrow (green to red) is displayed in the cells.
●Trend Descending: A colored arrow (red to green) is displayed in the cells.
●Trend Gray: A gray arrow is displayed in the cells.
Lesson: Using SAP Analysis for Oﬃce
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Figure 138: Manage Style Sets
When you insert a data source, a new crosstab with the data of the selected data source is
inserted into the worksheet. The SAP style set SAP Black&White is used as default.
A style set is a collection of Microsoft Excel cell styles that is applied by Analysis to format the
cells of a crosstab. Whenever you insert a new crosstab in a workbook, the styles in the
current default style set are used to format the crosstab cells. You can change the applied
style set in your analysis.
By modifying the cell styles of these style sets, you can create your own style sets and share
them with other users.
SAP standard styles are available after installation of the Add-In. You can modify them in the
Styles group on the Home tab in Microsoft Excel.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Use the Analysis as a reporting tool
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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Unit 9
Lesson 2
Using SAP Lumira Discovery
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Create an SAP Lumira Discovery Story
Setting Up a SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Document
Figure 139: SAP Lumira 2.0 1 Product with 2 Clients
SAP Lumira 2.0 is the next generation Analytics with SAP Lumira and SAP Design
Studio converged into ONE tool. This convergence helps bring IT and Business together for
agile innovation through a consumer-grade UX and impressive capability to access all data in
the moment.
The new product has one combined server and two desktops, named respectively Designer
and Discovery, and all fully (!) governed. The information consumer accesses via a browser.
A user may have one or both tools installed on their computer. Non-IT users will most likely
have only SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery installed.
WhileSAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discoveryis typically used by non-IT business users
because no knowledge of computer coding or programming is required,SAP BusinessObjects
Lumira Designeris used by more technical users and application designers (typically working
in IT departments) to create corporate analysis applications and reports.
These apps and reports are predeﬁned and enable anyone with access to them to analyze the
data deﬁned in the app or report.
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SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer may require computer coding to create the analysis
functionality in a particular app or report.
Business users can get started in the easy-to-use SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery
component. They can publish directly to the SAP BusinessObjects BI Platform, or pass the
Discovery document over to more technical users who can use the SAP BusinessObjects
Lumira Designer component to add sophisticated scripting, actions, and integration with
other systems. SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer can be used to turn simple stories and
visualizations into full blown analytic applications.
Both tools, however, are powered by the same runtime engine, ﬁle format, and data access
stack.
The convergence of SAP Lumira and SAP Business Objects Design Studio, has the following
beneﬁts:
●Promotes business-user visualizations to enterprise dashboards.
●Supports changing requirements, without a tool switch.
●Improves ease-of-use, driving broad adoption with improved Discovery UX.
●Supports BW online analysis in Discovery (formerly SAP BusinessObjects Lumira).
●Supports oﬄine applications in Designer (formerly Design Studio).
●Combines server-side add-ons, and reduces IT administration cost.
●Respects existing customer investments in Design Studio and SAP BusinessObjects
Lumira.
Figure 140: SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery Creation of a new Document based on SAP BW Live Data
Start creating a new document to analyze your data, to build new charts, and create stories.
Each SAP Lumira document contains:
●One or more datasets,
●Charts built on the datasets,
●Stories created using boards that include charts, text, navigation points, and images.
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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When you acquire data, you are usually copying data from a data source to a local dataset in
SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery. A dataset is a set of columns and hierarchies used to
create the visualizations and stories in a SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery document.
When acquiring a dataset, SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery displays a preview of it,
parses the data, and analyzes columns to determine their data type. Objects representing the
columns are proposed as either dimensions or measures. You can optionally hide some types
of columns, based on column name and data properties.
Depending on the data source, data can be adapted before acquisition to include or remove
columns, dimensions, measures, and SAP HANA or SAP BW variables and input parameters.
For some data sources, you have additional options, such as formatting data, naming and
trimming columns, or specifying column-name preﬁxes.
After a dataset is acquired, you can edit it by adding or removing columns, dimensions,
measures, and variables.
Note:
The maximum number of cells that can be acquired for a dataset is determined by
the capacity of your computer. You will be warned when an acquisition includes 30
million cells for 64-bit operating systems, or 15 million cells for 32-bit operating
systems.
Using the Live Database connection, you can only use the functionality that is
supported for this connection type. This means that, for example, theCalculation
Monitorcannot be used.
Figure 141: Adding a Chart to your SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery Story
A story is a presentation-style document that uses visualizations, text, graphics, illustrations,
shapes, and other customizations to describe data. Users can explore and analyze the data in
the story using ﬁlters, controls, calculations, conditional text, and other tools. A story may
have a single visualization or pages full of visualizations and other content.
A page in a story is the area where you create SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery
visualizations. In addition, the DESIGN area contains content such as Images, Illustrations,
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and Shapes. Drag content from these areas onto sections of the story page to add more
meaningful information about the visualizations on the page.
Choose Preview to see how the story will appear when published. SAP BusinessObjects
Lumira Discovery can have more than one story per .lumx ﬁle.
Every story has one or more pages that can contain items such as visualizations, text,
graphics, and input controls. You can create new pages in a story and select between the
pages in the story.
You can quickly create a chart by dragging measures and dimensions to the Chart Canvas. A
chart must have at least one measure. When you add a dimension to the chart, its values are
calculated based on the chart's measures.
Each new chart that you create is automatically saved in the current session. However, to
access the chart the next time you open the story, you must save the document.
Figure 142: Insert Chart Insert Control Add Filter
Use controls to interactively ﬁlter data in your story's visualizations. Interactive ﬁlters in a
story make it easy to focus on speciﬁc data in the story. By default, the scope of the ﬁlter is
set to Current Page. However, you can choose the Edit Filter option by right clicking the
control and change the scope to All Pages.
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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Figure 143: Set Filter Set Dropdown Box for Filter
Once you have included a ﬁlter, there are diﬀerent options to control how it works and
appears. The default operator is "Equals" for all the control types. Depending on the Control
Type, you can allow the selection of a single value only or multiple values.
Note:
For the Text Box and Complex control type, you will not have the option to choose
single or multiple selections.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Create an SAP Lumira Discovery Story
Lesson: Using SAP Lumira Discovery
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Unit 9
Lesson 3
Using SAP Lumira Designer
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Set up a Lumira Designer Web Application
●Assign a Lumira Discovery Story to a Lumira Designer Web Application
SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer for Reporting
Figure 144: Create SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Document Create a Connection
When you log on to SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer, ﬁrst set your Preferences. Choose
SAP Lumira Documents.
The Documents mode is the default mode of the SAP BusinessObjects Lumira, designer
component. It can be considered the 2.0 mode. In this mode, you can create new applications.
This mode can handle both local documents and documents stored on the BI platform.
TheCreate Documentoption allows you to create a new, empty document on the BI platform
or locally.
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Note:
Local documents are for demo purposes only. Documents for productive use need
to be stored on the BI platform.
In SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer, ﬁrst create a connection to your back-
end system for your application.
Figure 145: Screen Elements of SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer Execute a Web Application
The SAP BusinessObjects Lumira, designer has the following main screen elements:
●Documents
●Components
●Outline
●Layout
●Properties
Additional views can also be added, such as the following:
●Additional Properties
●Script Problems
●Search Results
●Error Log
Modeling of the Web Application is done in the Outline View.
You can execute the web application using theExecute Locallybutton or theExecute on BI
Platformbutton.
Lesson: Using SAP Lumira Designer
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Figure 146: Add a Data Source and Assign the Custom Analytical Query
A Custom Analytical Query and its transaction data can only be used in the SAP
BusinessObjects Lumira Designer after adding the query as Data Source to the Application.
The system then addresses the query in the application with the alias DS_1, for example.
Figure 147: Add a Tabstrip Structure with Tab Cards
There are many components that help you set up your application. One is to use tab cards to
structure the elements in the web application.
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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Figure 148: Insert Crosstab
Having added a Custom Analytical Query as Data Source to the application, you can then
create a crosstab to present the query in the web application.
Add a crosstab and assign a Data Source, for example DS_1, to the crosstab.
Figure 149: Insert Chart
To create a chart component, perform the following steps:
1.Drag the Chart component into the canvas.
2.Assign a data source to it.
A default chart is generated, depending on the data contained in the data source.
To change the look of the chart, perform the following steps:
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1.Choose the Chart Conﬁguration property.
2.A conﬁguration dialog will appear, with the following options:
●Change the chart type.
●Deﬁne the chart look by dragging measures and dimension into diﬀerent feeds.
The Activated Conﬁguration menu of charts oﬀers additional settings:
●Chart properties can be changed.
●Chart type can be changed.
●Data can be assigned to diﬀerent parts of the chart.
●The Trellis component can be activated.
●All options of the chart can be handled.
●Colors can be changed.
●Views can be chosen.
●As well as many more formatting options.
Figure 150: Insert Story from SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery into SAP BusinessObjects Lumira
Designer Web Application
If you double-click your SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery story in theDocuments
section of the SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Designer, a new canvas with the technical name
of your story opens and, in theOutlinesection, you can see the structure of your story. Each
page of your story is transferred into a tab, each graphic becomes a chart. The analytical
query becomes a data source. All pages (tabs) are positioned under a tabstrip.
It is possible to copy the data source as well as the charts from the story to your SAP
BusinessObjects Lumira Designer application. Right-click and chooseCopy. It is also possible
to delete the SAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discovery Story in theDocumentssection.
In theDocumentsarea, switch to the Application again and, in the assigned Outline section,
you can paste the copied data source as well as the copied chart.
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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Figure 151: Refresh Data Source (Data) Button
You can add buttons to the web application. In this case, you have to write a script for this
event. The ﬁgure, Refresh Data Source (Data) Button, explains how to proceed. The button in
the ﬁgure is used to refresh data in the data source.
Figure 152: Show Filter Bar Add Filters
A ﬁlter bar can be added to the web application using the Filter Bar component. In this case
the user can decide to hide or show the ﬁlter bar in the web application. The design element,
for showing and using ﬁlter elements in a report, ensures more interactivity for users.
Filters for dimensions of the end user´s choice can be assigned to the Filter Bar. Each ﬁlter
can be administered individually.
Lesson: Using SAP Lumira Designer
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Figure 153: Push Button “Export to PDF”
Use theExport PDFtechnical component to export your application to PDF.
Note:
Using this feature, it is only possible to export what is currently visible on the
dashboard.
LESSON SUMMARY
You should now be able to:
●Set up a Lumira Designer Web Application
●Assign a Lumira Discovery Story to a Lumira Designer Web Application
Unit 9: SAP Analytics UIs
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Unit 9
Learning Assessment
1. When you install Analysis for Microsoft Oﬃce on your local machine you can connect
directly to which of the following?
Choose the correct answers.
X
AA SAP Business Warehouse (BW) system
X
BA SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence (BI) Platform
X
CSAP HANA
2. WhileSAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discoveryis typically used by non-IT business users
because no knowledge of computer coding or programming is required,SAP
BusinessObjects Lumira Designeris used by more technical users and application
designers (typically working in IT departments) to create corporate analysis applications
and reports.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
3. The Documents mode is the default mode of the SAP BusinessObjects Lumira, designer
component. This mode can only handle local documents.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
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Unit 9
Learning Assessment - Answers
1. When you install Analysis for Microsoft Oﬃce on your local machine you can connect
directly to which of the following?
Choose the correct answers.
X
AA SAP Business Warehouse (BW) system
X
BA SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence (BI) Platform
X
CSAP HANA
Correct. When you install Analysis for Microsoft Oﬃce on your local machine you can
connect directly to a SAP Business Warehouse (BW) system and a SAP Business Objects
Business Intelligence (BI) Platform.
2. WhileSAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discoveryis typically used by non-IT business users
because no knowledge of computer coding or programming is required,SAP
BusinessObjects Lumira Designeris used by more technical users and application
designers (typically working in IT departments) to create corporate analysis applications
and reports.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. WhileSAP BusinessObjects Lumira Discoveryis typically used by non-IT business
users because no knowledge of computer coding or programming is required,SAP
BusinessObjects Lumira Designeris used by more technical users and application
designers (typically working in IT departments) to create corporate analysis applications
and reports.
3. The Documents mode is the default mode of the SAP BusinessObjects Lumira, designer
component. This mode can only handle local documents.
Determine whether this statement is true or false.
XTrue
XFalse
Correct. The Documents mode can handle both local documents and documents stored
on the BI platform.
© Copyright. All rights reserved. 176Librer?a ERm https://libreriaerp.com/us [email protected] Librer?a ERm https://libreriaerp.com/us [email protected]

Reporting for Finance in SAP S/4HANA, S4F07 Col09

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