research definition, samples and explanation.pptx

A sample ppt on research intro

1. What is Research?

2. Index Meaning of research T y p es of r esea r ch Signi f ic a n c e of r esea r ch Research methods versus methodology Research process Criteria of good research Problems encountered by researchers in India Research problems in management

3. Meaning of research Research is a process steps used to collect and analyse information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. I t c onsists of th r ee s t ep s : P ose a question Collect data to answer the question Present an answer to the question

4. T ypes of research BASIC RESEA R CH Applied R es e a r ch Q U A L I T A TI V E RESEARCH . Q U AN T I T A TIVE RESEARCH

5. Basic Research It is the research which is done for knowledge enhancement and for the welfare of human, animal and plant kingdom not for commercial potential. The main motivation is to expand man's knowledge, not to create or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research. Basic research lay down the foundation for the applied research.

6. Applied Research Applied research is designed to solve practical problem of the modern world. The goal of applied research is to improve the human condition. It focus on analysis and solving social and real life problems. It is conducted on large scale basis and is expensive. Eg: improve agriculture crop production, treat or cure a specific disease, improve the energy efficiency homes etc. A pplied r esea r c h ca n b e fu r t her classi f i ed as: problem oriented research problem solving research.

7. Problem oriented research Problem oriented research is done by industry apex body for sorting out problems faced by all the companies. Eg:- WTO does problem oriented research for developing countries, in india agriculture and processed food export development authority (APEDA) conduct regular research for the benefit of agri-industry.

8. Problem solving Problem solving is type of research which is done by an individual company for the problem faced by it. Eg : - Videocon international conducts research to study customer satisfaction level, it will be problem solving research.

9. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Qualitative research presents non-qualitative type of analysis and is used for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by observing what people do and say . It is much more subjective and uses very different methods of collecting information , mainly individual, in depth interviews and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is exploratory and open ended. I t ca n b e f u rthe r clas s i f ie d a s : Phenomenology Ethnography Case study

10. Phenomenology It is the type of research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. Eg:- We might interview 20 victims of bhopal tragedy.

11. Ethnography This type of research focuses on describing the culture of a group of people. A culture is the shared attributes, values, norms, practices, language, and material things of a group of people. Eg:- The researcher might decide to go and live with the tribal in Andaman island and study the culture and the educational practices

12. Cas e stu d y It is the form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases.

13. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH This research aim to measure the quantity or amount and compares it with past records and tries to project for future period. The process of measurement is central in it as it provides fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Statistics is most widely used in it. Objective: T o de v e l op and e mp l o y m a the m a tica l mode l s , theorie s or hypothesis pertaining to phenomena.

14. Significance of research T o Gat h er N e c e s sa r y In f o r mation T o M a k e Chan g es Improving Standard Of Living F or A Sa f er Li f e T o Kn o w Th e T ruth Explore Our History Understanding Arts

15. Resear c h met h o d s v er s u s metho d ology Research Methods 2) It involves conduct of experiments, tests , survey and the like. 1 ) R esea r c h method s a r e th e 1) methods by which you conduct research into a subject or a topic. I t e x plains th e method s b y w hich you may procced with your research. 2) It involves the learning of varoius techniques that can be used in the conduct of research and the like. 3) I t aims at f indin g solut i on 3) to the research problems. I t aims at f indin g th e empl o yme n t of the correct procedure to find out solutions. Research Methodology

16. Researc h Process It is series of various actions which are necessary t o ef f ect i v e r esea r c h w o r k. The steps involved in research process are not mutually exclusive nor they are separate and distinct.

17. Step s o f th e r esearc h process F ormula t e y our que s tio n . Get background information. R e f i n e y our sea r c h t o p ic. C o n sider y our r esou r c e o p tio n s . Select the appropriate tool. Use the tool. L oca t e y our ma t erial s . Analyze your materials. Organize and write. C om p ose y our bibli o g r a p h y

18. Criteria for good research The aim of the research should be clearly mentioned, along with the use of common concepts. The procedures used in the research should be adequately described, in order to permit another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement, while maintaining the continuity of what has already been done. The researchs procedural design should be carefully planned to obtain results that are as objective as possible. The flaws in the procedural design should be sincerely reported by the researcher to c or r ect l y est ima t e their ef f ects up o n the f i n d i n g s . The data analysis should be adequate to reveal its significance. The methods used during the analysis should be appropriate. The reliability and validity of the concerned data should be checked carefully. The conclusions are needed to be confined and limited to only those data, which are justified and adequately provided by the research. In case, the researcher is experienced and has a good reputation in the field of research, greater confidence in research is warranted .

19. Problems encountered b y r ese a rch e r s Lack of Scientific Training. Lack of Confidence: Insufficient Interaction. Lack of Code of Conduct. Inadequate Assistance. Improper Library Management. High Cost of Publishing.

20. Researc h problem s i n m a nageme n t 1. Will your research contribute to knowledge and practice? It fills a void or extends existing research It replicates a study with new participants or a new site Problem has not be studied or understudied It gives “voice” to people not heard, silenced, or rejected in society It informs practice Accessed to people & sites. Time, Resources and skills. Therapy. To prove what your already know.

21. Importance of Research

22. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH Research is the process of making inquiries about a subject or topic, utilizing assets to discover the appropriate response, and communicating the findings of your research to others. Research benefits businesses - leaders analyze how their departments are performing, and then compare that performance against projections to determine if adjustments are needed. Knowledge gained through research needs to be continuously improved and increased within an organization, or the association risks working under the assumption of unessential or erroneous data (CSU, 2018).

23. RESEARCH PROCESS The research process involves identifying, collecting, evaluating, and presenting data regarding a specific topic or problem. Defining the problem, decision alternatives, and the research objectives Developing the research plan Collecting the information Analyzing the information Presenting the findings Making the decision (Kotler & Keller, 2012).

24. IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE RESEARCH For research to be effective, one must define the problem, develop a research plan, collect the information, analyze the information, and then present the findings (Kotler & Keller, 2016). Effective research will influence and shape the beliefs of others, is accepted by a community of scholars, and that the research benefits others or will allude to (Swanson & Holton, 2005). Organizations of all sizes participate in broad research to help enhance and extend their associations. Compelling, cost-proficient research can be an imperative advance toward long haul achievement.

25. USE OF RESEARCH METHODS Organizational Research Methods (ORM) was established to convey applicable methodological improvements to the consideration of a broad range of analysts working in areas represented within the domains of the organizational sciences. An essential objective of ORM is to advance a more viable comprehension of current and new procedures as applied in organizational research. Research helps sustain a company by enabling the management in its decision making process, through careful analysis of research outputs for organizational benefit.

26. TH E OR E TICAL ASP E CTS OF RES E ARCH METHODS Theoretical research is viewed as hypothetical. The researcher does not utilize observational information such as open-ended interviews or questionnaires to construct the hypothesis, but uses hypothetical examples. Nor does the researcher analyze concrete and specific works. It can be contended to be deductive but not necessarily, i.e. it is top down and draws upon or incorporates an assortment of hypothetical structures to clarify specific phenomenon (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2008).

27. PROCESS OF A RESEARCH STUDY Simple and effective research strategy: Identify and develop topic Preliminary search for information Locate materials Evaluate sources Make notes Organize information Cite properly and proofread (NHCC, 2017).

28. RESEARCH METHODS - ADVANTAGES Surveys Developed in less time Cost-effective Administered remotely via online, mobile devices, mail, email, etc. Experimental Research Aids in controlling independent variables to remove extraneous and unwanted variables Manipulating independent variables to easily determine the cause and effect relationship Experiments can be repeated and results can be checked Observation Research Accurate direct method for data collection Observations made continuously and for a longer duration of time Decreased dependency on respondents

29. RESEARCH METHODS - DISADVANTAGES Survey Participants may not provide accurate, honest answers Participants may not provide answers that present themselves in a unfavorable manner Participants may not be aware of reasons for any given answer on the subject Experimental Cannot do experiments at times because you cannot manipulate independent variables either due to ethical or practical reasons Controls irrelevant variables, can create artificial situation Subjected to human error Observational Can be viewed as too subjective Time consuming May affect situation and validity of findings

30. REPORTING RESEARCH RESULTS A formal report contains detailed information, research, and data necessary to make business decisions. Written as informational – gathers data and facts to draw a conclusion, or analytical – offers recommendations to solve a problem. A summary report provides a brief overview of the research performed. It not only tells the results but also gives information on what variables were examined and the outcome of interest.

31. REPORTING RESEARCH RESULTS (CONT.) Oral Presentations – Provide an overview of the research and to allow individuals the opportunity to ask questions Provides clarification, deeper understanding of raw data as well as the interpretation as applied to the organization (CSU, 2018).

32. PROBLEMS THAT COULD ARISE Ethical Considerations When conducting research, organizations need to refrain from allowing subjectivity into the research which could involve using biased interpretation, ignoring statistics, or conducting research with the idea of supporting a predetermined idea (CSU, 2018). Selling of research data to another organization. Respect right to privacy for the respondents. Reported abuse of participants.

33. PROBLEMS THAT COULD ARISE (CONT.) Respect for persons: Individuals should be treated as autonomous agents capable of making decisions – subjects should be allowed to enter research voluntarily with adequate information to base their decisions Persons with diminished autonomy in need of special protection – the degree of extra protection requires balancing potential harm and potential benefit (Swanson & Holton, 2005).

34. ADDRESSING RESEARCH PROBLEMS Research problems range from simple to complex, contingent upon the quantity of factors and the nature of the relationship. In some cases the connection between two factors is straightforwardly identified with an issue and different circumstances the relationship is altogether irrelevant. In the event that you comprehend the idea of the research problem as an analyst, you will have the capacity to better develop a solution. To understand all dimensions, consider focus groups of consumers, sales people, managers, or professionals to provide needed insight into a particular set of questions or problems (Smith, 2012).

35. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Choose right topic – develop a doable topic, read, and it must hold interest Choose right methodology - procedure for conducting your research Assemble research team – can’t be done in a vacuum, solo Finding study participants – reach out, network Getting institutions to participate – build relationships, be prepared Staying motivated – follow passion, monitor attitude Dealing with data - make sense of the data you’ve collected (Walden, 2010).