Research Methodology as for M.Tech by Research Students

this is a explaination of Research Methodolpogy with post graduation

2. The term RESEARCH DESIGN is used to describe an
overall plan of how you intend to go about conducting
a study to address the issue you are interested in.
A Good research design ensures that you obtain the
best evidence to validly and reliably answer your
research question.
In the Research process once the research project is
identified and defined clearly, the next stage is to
design the research.

3. A Research process involves the following sequence of steps:
Problem Definition
(General Research Topic)
Objectives of
the Research
(Aim of the
study)
Research
Design
Data Collection
Data Analysis,
Interpretation &
Validation
Writing the Report,
Presentation &
Publication

4. A Research Design is said to be Good Research Design if it has the
following features:
Each problem/research work is unique and demands unique research
design and unique combination of methods & techniques.
A good research design is half the battle.
No ideal design TRADE OFF between efforts & fruits.
It may consider different aspects (COMPREHENSIVE)
FLEXIBLE
APPROPRIATE (Purposive/Objective)
EFFICIENT

5. ECONOMICAL
MAXIMUM RELIABILITY
MINIMUM BIASES
SMALLEST ERROR
Delimit the variables of study
Cautious about differences concerning cause & effect (Illustration)
Chooses appropriate contribution of methods and techniques based on:
(i) Objectives; (ii) Possible implications of the results;
(iii) Overall environment; (iv) Current Knowledge; (v) Suitability to
Problem; (vi) Available Resources; (vii) Competence of
Researchers; and (viii) Kind of Data required.

6. The research design provides a complete guidelines
for data collection. The following are the essence of a
research design:

Selection of Research Approach
Design of Sampling Plan
Design of Experiment
Design of Questionnaire

7. Prof. Ronald A. Fisher pioneered the study of experimental designs.
According to him, the basic principles of the experimental designs are:

Replication;
Randomisation; and
Local Control.

8. The subject matter of the Design of Experiments include:
(i) Planning of the Experiment
(ii) Obtaining relevant information
(iii) Making Statistical Analysis of data
Experience has shown that proper consideration of the
statistical analysis before the experiment is conducted.
The observations obtained from a carefully planned and well-
designed experiment in advance give entirely valid inferences.