Research Methodology: Review of Literature.pptx

Literature

1. Dr. Virendra R. Nagarale Professor and Head, Department of Geography, S.N.D.T. Women’s University Pune Campus, Pune INDIA 411038 [email protected] Literature Review

2. The documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from Primary and Secondary sources in the areas of research topic. What is literature review? A literature review is an overview of the previously published works on a specific topic. The term can refer to a full scholarly paper or a section of a scholarly work such as a book, or an article. 

3. Literature Review focuses on a specific topic and includes a critical analysis of the relationship among different works ( print and non-print) and relating it to Researcher’s work. Summary of current empirical and theoretical knowledge published in past about particular research problem that provides a basis for the study being conducted by the researcher Literature Review Includes: Description of current knowledge base. Gaps in knowledge base. Contribution of present study to knowledge base.

4. An Important Step in the Research Process

5. Why do we write literature reviews? When you write a thesis, dissertation, or research paper you have to review the existing literature to situate your research within existing knowledge or to fill gaps in the knowledge . Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic . For professionals, they are useful reports that keep them up to date. For scholars, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation. Comprehensive knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most research papers .

6. The literature review allows you to: To convey previous knowledge and facts established on a topic & their strength and weaknesses To identify and clarify concepts, vocabulary and keywords related to the research topic To justify the gap in research and how current research will fill that gap Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and scholarly context Develop a theoretical framework and  methodology for your research Position yourself in relation to other researchers and theorists

7. To understand research methodology adopted by past researchers To identify other scholars in the area of research To ensure that no past research has been done on the current research topic selected S how that you have learnt from others’ work and that your research is a starting point for new ideas. The literature review allows you to:

8. Steps in Literature Review

9. Writing a Literature Review Narrow your topic and search for literature accordingly . Read the selected articles and evaluate . Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics . Develop a thesis or purpose statement . Plan a concept map on the research topic Define your topic : do a general reading and prepare a list of terms to search Scope : What is time frame Desired outcomes: What do you want from the search Managing the results Decide sources

10. Disaster Management in Landslide zones of Maharashtra Types of Disaster Man-made Natural Flood Earthquake Terrorism Disaster Plan Content Emergency Contact No. Emergency Kit Preservation measures Disaster Events in Maharashtra/Gujarat Cities damaged in flood 26 July 2005 Earthquake on Gujarat 26 January 2001 Disaster management Department Disasters in World Concept Map on the topic

11. Sources of Literature Literature can be reviewed from 2 types of sources: 1. Primary sources: Primary sources are books, research ports, articles written by the person/s who have actually worked on the study or developed by the theory etc Primary sources are generally printed published work 2. Secondary sources: Secondary sources are those which are written by others who are quoting from the original work or they are compiling the primary work

12. Sources of Literature Print Resources Scholarly Journal articles Thesis & Dissertations Books, Chapters in Books Conference Proceedings Digital Resources E-books E-journals E-databases Websites

13. Each Subject will have different resources How to Search and where to search? Print + Digital Published from Anywhere Published in Multiple Languages Multidisciplinary in nature Published in past OPAC of Libraries Periodicals Subscribed by Libraries Bibliographies Indexing and Abstracting Sources References given in books, journal articles

14. How to Search and where to search? General Bibliography Subject Bibliography Periodicals Directories Databases Subscribed- Emerald, Ebsco , Scopus, Sage, Proquest , Jstor , EconLit , Web of Science, N-list Free- DOAJ, DOAB, Google Book Project, National Digital Library of India, Google Scholar, Eric

15. Online Literature Sources

16. Online Literature Sources

17. Online Literature Sources

18. Online Literature Sources

19. http://infolibrarian.com/index.html https://www.sociosite.net/index.php https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/ https://scholar.google.co.in/ https://doaj.org/ https://www.doabooks.org/ https://eric.ed.gov/ http://infoport.inflibnet.ac.in/ https://shodhgangotri.inflibnet.ac.in/ http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ Some Useful Websites

20. Minimum 100 references Focus should be on Scholarly Journal Articles, thesis, Conference research papers References published in last five years Indian and Foreign Publications Language of references Writing a Literature Review What is Needed?

21. Writing a Literature Review Step I Annotated Bibliography At this stage read articles, books, and other types of literature related to the topic of research and write a brief critical synopsis of each review . After going through the Reading List, you will have an annotation of each source of related literature.

22. For Journal articles Author/s , Title/subtitle Journal Title Volume No./Issue No. Date of Publication Pagination Website address Doi no. Date when accessed For Books/book chapters Author/s of book & book chapter, Title/subtitle of Book & book Chapter Place of Publication Year of Publication Name of Publisher Pagination Website address Doi no. Date when accessed For Thesis/Dissertations Name of the researcher Title/subtitle of thesis/ disseration Place of Publication Year of Publication Name of the University Pagination Name of the Guide Website address Doi no. Date when accessed Bibliographic Details If obtained Online

23. SR. No. Area/ Topic of Research Details of Research Publication Aim & Objectives Database & Methodology& Study area Main Findings Remarks 1. Development: Geographical Perspectives on A Contested Concept Author: Katie Willis Source: Geography, Vol. 99, No. 2 (Summer 2014), pp. 60-66 Published by: Geographical Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 43825382 Accessed: 09-04-2018 06:44 UTC Aim of this article is to highlight how development cannot be seen as a neutral concept. This article provides an introduction to three main ways in which geographers have approached the concept of development: modernisation, Marxist analysis and post- structuralism A key argument in this section is that in order to understand different approaches to development, networks of economic resources, ideology and political power need to be recognise Gross national income categories map: World Bank, 2012 Human development index world map: UNDP, 2013 Malawi, Mulanje district, South Africa It highlights the duopoly of development concept as a goal and process as well speaks about the 'scale' that to be considered in geographical approach for defining the concept of development. Describes Marxist ideology in geography by defining the turn from mapping to understanding inequalities The argument that development concept cannot be seen as a neutral concept and thus it has its own meaning according to the regional characteristics and the activities which are suitable for the particular region. It has been very well defined by a case study carried out by author in Malawi, Mulanje district. Aleva stove within Malawian households provided a very different perspective on development but the consideration of only one factor for the dynamic concept like development would not be sufficient and it should be studied at any level taking various other parameters into consideration. Sample Table for the Organization of Literature

24. What to write from the literature? Identify relevant information to your research Write summary Group this references according to Concept map/Categories One reference may appear in multiple categories Focus on research areas, methodology, findings Avoid general information like introduction

25. Step II Organization by theme Writing a Literature Review Organize literature under themes which co-relate to each other and are arranged in a chronological manner . Try to establish relation between themes and literature discussed under these themes.

26. Step III More Reading Writing a Literature Review Try to discover specific literature materials relevant to the field of study or research methodologies which are more relevant for their research . Look for more literature by specific authors on specific methodologies, etc.

27. Writing a Literature Review Step IV Organizing and Writing At this stage you should start writing the literature under each thematic section by using previously collected draft of annotations . Organize the related articles under each theme by ensuring that every article is related to each other. Related articles may be grouped together.

28. Writing a Literature Review Step V Integrate Sections Make a list of the Thematic sections and then put them together with an introduction, conclusion and some additions and revisions in the sections to show they relate to each other and to the overall theme.

29. Organization of Literature Review Topical General to specific OR Specific to General Chronological Problem to Solution Spatial (International, National, Regional)

30. 3 parts of the Literature review Introduction Body Conclusion

31. Introduction Define or identify the topic or area of research, providing appropriate context for reviewing the literature. Point out the overall trends, or conflicts in theory, methodology, gaps etc. Explain the criteria to be used.

32. Writing the Body Group studies together as per common denominators (methodology , qualitative vs quantitative etc ) Go from general to specific OR specific to general Summarize studies with as little or as much detail as required.

33. Writing the Conclusion Evaluate the work done summarize Point out the gaps in the study and how your work will look at filling these gaps

34. Be specific and to the point. Only take down methodologies and findings Be selective about the points If very old article has been chosen, then its importance and relevance must be mentioned . The information collected must be from reliable sources All references must be cited If any author has quoted another author, go to the original source or make this note in the bibliography Do not use abbreviations Language used must be simple and accurate. Grammar and spellings should always be checked

35. Word of Caution Do not be vague and write in general terms Be sure you have covered as much of the literature as possible Do not omit recent work Do not omit contrasting views Do not add irrelevant items

36. Sample Literature Review (Short Version) Thesis Statement: Service-learning programs implemented in American undergraduate universities since 2000 have not only proven beneficial for the individuals or organizations being served but also for the participating students by offering opportunities for academic, emotional, and social growth. Prior studies have identified many benefits for educational institutions from service-learning programs. These benefits include positive perceptions of the university by the community ( Miron & Moely , 2006), enhanced student retention rates ( Eyler et al., 2001), positive teaching and learning outcomes such as greater student involvement and participation in class (Caruso et al., 2007), and increased opportunities for meaningful research and scholarly activities (Strand et al., 2003). Summary of Key Research

37. Sample Literature Review (Short Version) Integrating concepts and theories learned in the classroom with everyday life makes students more capable of highlighting the importance of each course. Additionally, material learned in business courses can be applied to benefit the community through a variety of tangible services, such as business planning or marketing new programs. Service learning is an excellent way for students to apply their course lessons to real-world situations and concurrently benefit the community. Analysis and Synthesis

38. In this study and related research, the individuals serving are university students who are collaborating with the community partner. The studied benefits to individuals serving include cultural awareness sharing (Crabtree, 2008), as well as networking opportunities and application of classroom learning to real-world issues (Bowen et al., 2009). Ultimately, service-learning stimulates student learning and engages students in their surrounding communities. Service learning creates new goals for students such as personal development, career development, moral development, academic achievement, and “reflective civic participation” (Lamb et al., 1998). These types of projects allow students to utilize material learned in the classroom to improve societal conditions. Sample Literature Review (Short Version) Evaluation and application to thesis/topic