Research Methods and primary and secondary data

It is about methods of research

1. Research Methods
Mr. ZhassulanKushebayev
Master of Science

2. Dominance of English Language

3. 3
What is Research?

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What is Research?
•Researchis the process of finding solutions to a problem after a
thorough study and analysis of the situational factors
•Business research, as we use it in this text, is a systematic inquiry
that provides information to guide managerial decisions. More
specifically, it is a process
of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data,
information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize
the organization to take appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize
performance (Cooper, 2015)

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The Excitement of Research
•Decision making is merely a process of choosing from
among alternative solutionsto resolve a problem and
researchhelps to generate viable alternativesfor
effective decision making.
•You can differentiate between good and bad studies
published in professional journals –after all its about
choosing between different alternatives

6. Общество
Universities/
Institute/
laboratories
Results of studies
in natural scienceCompanies
New
technologies,
goods, services
Think-Tank
Исследователь-
ские отделы,
советники
New Theories
or Approaches
Strategies, laws,
decisions,
Book etcSociety

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Types of Research
Research can be undertaken for two different purposes:
1.To solve a current problem faced by the manager in
the work setting. Such research is called applied
research.
2.To generate a body of knowledge about how to
solve problems that could be occurred in
organizations. This is called basic research or
fundamental research. It is also known as pure
research.

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Examples of AppliedResearch
•Apple’s iPod sales increased by 200% from 2018 to
2019. but the ROE decreasedby 6% in 2018-2019.
What is the reason for this decrease?
•The question is: what will apple do about this
problem?

10. Examples of Applied Research
•Xerox is insular and isn’t ready for the
increasingly competitive, high-tech world.
Xerox still relies on old-fashioned and slow-
selling analog copiers for more than half its
revenue and despite its double-digit growth in
digital products and services, its sales rose just
4%.
10

11. Examples of Applied Research
•In the Xerox situation, it needs to look into the
efficacy of the analog technology used in
copiers and examine what should be done to
increase efficiency and promote its sales.
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Examples of BasicResearch
•University professors engage in basic research in an
effort to understand and generate more knowledge about various aspects of businesses, such as:
-How to improve the effectiveness of information
systems.
-How to integrate technology into the overall strategic
objectives of an organization.
-How to increase the productivity of the employees.
-How to increase the effectiveness of small businesses.

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Examples of BasicResearch
•These findings laterbecome useful for application in
business situations.

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Distinction Between Applied and Basic
Research
•The main distinctionbetween applied and basic business research is:
-Applied research is specifically aimed at solving a currently experienced problem.
-Basic research has a broader objective of generating knowledge and understanding of phenomena and problems that occur in various organizational settings.
-Both types of research follow the same steps of systematic inquiry to arrive at solutions to problems.

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WHAT RESEARCH INVOLVES: A
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
•Social science research is central in a “reality-basedcommunity.” It relies on people carefully studying experiences, events, and facts in social reality. While social research helps us answer questions about thesocial world, it also raises new questions and maychange how we look at the world as well.
•It relies on the process and evidence of science as such, and it can differ from casual observation, common sense reasoning, and other ways to evaluate evidence, including pure logical-rational reasoning (mathematical or philosophical proof) or legal-judicial procedure.

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SCIENCE
•The social-cultural sciences (such as anthropology, economics, human geography, psychology,political science, and sociology) involve the studyof human social-cultural life: beliefs, behaviors, relationships, interactions, institutions, and so forth.
•Just as we apply knowledge from the physical andbiological sciences in related, more pragmaticfields (such as agriculture, aviation, engineering,medicine, and pharmacology), we apply social science knowledge to practical concerns in related applied areas (such as counseling, criminal justice,education, management, marketing, public administration, public health, social work, and urbanplanning).

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SCIENCE
•Science refers to both a system for producingknowledge and the knowledge that results from thatsystem.

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Data
•Data or empirical observations can bequantitative (i.e., expressed precisely as numbers)or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, images, orobjects).

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20. Global Scientific Community
•Scientific community A collection of people who
share a system of attitudes, beliefs, and rules that
sustains the production and advance of scientific
knowledge.