research on mechanical weeder and its method.pptx

various methods of weeding and devices used to do the operation.

1. Mechanical weeding methods

2. Techniques used by mechanical weeders Uprooting Severing/breaking Burial

3. Uprooting Death of weed due to completely removal of root or loss of the root in soil. More suitable to dry soil.

4. Severing/breaking Cut the plant from hypocotyl or mesocotyl. Distance of cutting from hypo/mesocotyl < 1 cm For breaking, effort should be such that it stops the functioning of phloem or xylem.

5. Burial Intact weed is covered by soil to stop the entry of sunlight. Independent of type of soil to be applied. Not suitable for heavy rainfall areas.

6. Various mechanical methods Tillage Hoeing Hand weeding Digging Sickling and mowing Burning Flooding

7. Tillage Tillage removes weeds from the soil resulting in their death. It may weaken plants through injury of root and stem pruning, reducing their regenerative capacity. Tillage mainly using the uprooting technique to remove the weed and dry it out before planting new seed.(for certain long root weed, it use breaking technique.) The basic tilling width is 15 cm.

8. Hoeing Method depends on the tools name as hoe. hoe is long handled having light blade of metal at the end for destroying weeds. Less effort (compare to hand weeding) and less costly method for weeding. Technique of severing/breaking takes place by the to and fro motion of the tool.

9. Hand weeding Hand weeding – It is done by physical removal or pulling out of weeds by hand or removal by implements called khurpi, which resembles sickle . Price – 60 to 80 Rs. Labour rata – 300 to 350Rs. / 10 hr.

10. Digging Digging is very useful in the case of perennial weeds to remove the underground propagating parts of weeds from the deeper layer of the soil.

11. Sickling and mowing Sickling is also done by hand with the help of sickle to remove the top growth of weeds to prevent seed production and to starve the underground parts. Mowing is a machine-operated practice mostly done on roadsides and in lawns. Cost of sickle – 50 to 80 rs. Labour rata – 300 to 350Rs. / 10 hr.

12. Other methods Burning - Burning or fire is often an economical and practical means of controlling weeds. It affect on soil moisture contain, hardness of soil, nutrient value and life of micro-organism present in soil. Flooding - Flooding kills plants by reducing oxygen availability for plant growth. The success of flooding depends upon complete submergence of weeds for longer period.

13. Parameters affecting mechanical methods of weeding Type of soil – dry or wet Type of Weed and root size. Row spacing between crop Types of crops and crop rotation