Research publications and ethics phD.pptx

Medicinal and aromatic plants, especially those with ethnopharmacological uses, have been utilized as a natural source of remedies and healthcare for millennia [1,2,3]. Initially, these popular medications were primitive formulations such as powders, tinctures, macerations, teas, infusions, percolation products, poultices, decoctions, tinctures, inhalations, and other herbal preparations [4,5,6]. The precise dose of the plant and the mode of administration for specific diseases have been transmitted by oral tradition from one generation to another, and traditional pharmacopeias eventually documented knowledge of medicinal plants [4,7,8]. Multiple disciplines of study and diverse investigation methods have been included in drug discovery from medicinal plants. Botanists, ethnobotanists, ethnopharmacologists, and plant ecologists often gather and identify the plants of interest [9]. New technological developments enable plants to be transformed into “factories” that create natural medical compounds for use in the production of biotech pharmaceuticals, medications, and treatments [10]. The application of plants as drugs has recently required the separation of active ingredients, starting with the early-19th-century isolation of morphine from Papaver somniferum [11,12]. The identification of early pharmaceuticals, such as digitoxin, cocaine, pilocarpine, codeine, and quinine, that are derived from medicinal plants marked a remarkable achievement in the field of medicine [13]. These compounds have been separated and analyzed for their medicinal characteristics and are still acknowledged for their therapeutic uses in the present day. Furthermore, apart from these initial findings, several additional molecules originating from plants have been identified in more recent times. These compounds have undergone extensive research and development and have subsequently been commercialized as pharmaceutical medications [14]. Scientists’ investigation of medicinal plants has been crucial in uncovering early drugs, each possessing distinct pharmacological characteristics. Paclitaxel, obtained from Taxus brevifolia, is used in the treatment of lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. The compound artemisinin, derived from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua, is used to battle malaria, which is resistant to many drugs [15]. Silymarin, derived from the seeds of Silybum marianum, is used for the treatment of hepatic disorders. Digitoxin, extracted from the foxglove plant, has been used in the management of cardiac ailments, specifically, congestive heart failure [16]. Cocaine, first known for its anesthetic effects, was traditionally used for local anesthesia and constriction of blood vessels. Pilocarpine, derived from the jaborandi plant, has been used in medicine for its ability to stimulate salivation and perspiration [17]. Codeine, an opioid alkaloid derived from the opium poppy, gained significant popularity due to its pain-relieving and cough-suppressing qual

1. Finding Solutions to the Main Problems Faced by a Researcher According to Wernher Von Braun (a German philosopher), “Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing”.

2. As Neil Armstrong said " Research is creating new knowledge ." Let new researchers bloom and create new knowledge.

3. Research means re-searching a fact that already exists. While doing a research you have to find out something new from the already existing facts . It is a structured inquiry to create a new knowledge . Researchers at present encounter many problems while doing their research in a unstructured manner .

4. Many researchers when they reach a midpoint in their research think about quitting research because they don’t understand what they are doing. Many questions like why am I doing this? what is the benefit in doing this? , Is it a research? And many more questions like this pop up in their mind

5. The first problem faced in a research is - To find a topic- Many of the students fail in the very first step because rather than focusing on their area of interest they hear opinions from different people. At last they get confused and they stop doing there research . A student who pursues to do research first should identify his area of interest and should start reading .

6. The more you read more you get ideas regarding the topic. After completing the reading phase discuss with your guide and select a topic. While selecting a topic always select an open end topic – A topic which has multiple perspectives . The benefit of taking an open end topic is that you can develop your research from any angle. If you get saturated in the middle of your research you can switch on to the next perspective . Hence always opting an open end topic is preferred while doing research

7. The second problem faced by the students - is that they are ignorant about research methodology- The third problem faced by the students - The third problem faced by students in doing their research is poor writing skills The fourth problem faced by the students - The fourth problem a researcher face is the habit of procrastination- Research is a burden if you do not plan it well, hence make a plan and enjoy doing research

8. The fifth problem faced by the students - is lack of motivation in doing the research work If you do not like your topic or you are doing your research to earn a degree the whole research process will be boring for you . There are so many students who drop out of their research because of their lack of interest and motivation. Supervisors and teachers should motivate their students in their journey of research . Communicate with your supervisor and seek his guidance in every step.