RESEARCH---------------------REPORT.pptx

Report

1. RESEARCH REPORT READING & WRITING SKILLS

2. WHAT IS A RESEARCH REPORT? A research report is an expanded paper that presents interpretations and analyses of a phenomenon based on experiments and previous information so that the readers can better understand it. It is a laborious work produced through formal investigation and scientific inquiry.

3. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 1. Title Page – contains an informative title that describes the content of the paper, the name of author/s, addresses or affiliations, and date of submission. Examples of an informative title are the following: Effects of Facebook on the Academic Achievement of first Year Students Development and Validation of a Software for Detecting Plagiarism

4. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 2. Abstract – contains the summary of the research findings and conclusions. It briefly presents the context of the study, research questions or objectives, methodology, major findings, conclusions, and sometimes implications. An abstract does not contain any citation or a great deal of statistical results. Its length ranges from 100 to 250 words.

5. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 3. Introduction – explains the current state of the field and identifies research gaps. It is also the part where the research focus is presented by addressing the identified gaps in the topic. It puts the research topic in context. It is usually three to five paragraphs long.

6. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 4. Literature Review – contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related to the study. In a research report, the literature review is divided into two sections: related concepts and related studies. Related concepts present some of the fundamental concepts needed by the readers to better understand the study. Concepts and theories are defined, explained, and described. Unlike related concepts, related studies are based on previously conducted studies directly related to the paper.

7. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 4 . Literature Review – Both the related concepts and studies will help the writer explain the phenomena that may arise in the study. This section ends with a paragraph that synthesizes all of the studies presented and puts the study in context. Hence, the last paragraph may include the topic and specific research problems. The length may range from two to three pages. Note that some cases, the literature review is integrated in the introduction section.

8. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 5. Methodology – describes how the experiments or tests in the research were conducted. It presents the context within which the study was conducted, the participants, the instruments used, data gathering procedure, and the data analysis. In discussing the context of the study and the participants, the number and the demographic profiles of the participants are explained as well as the place where the study was conducted.

9. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 5. Methodology – The discussion of the instrument used presents the tools in gathering data. These tools may be in the form of a questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, survey, and tests, among others. All of the instruments used should be described in detail, along with the explanation of how they were validated. The data gathering sections presents the details on how the data were collected while the data analysis section presents how the data were analyzed, either qualitatively (coding scheme) or quantitatively (statistical tools). The past tense is used in writing the methodology.

10. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 6. Results – factually describes the data gathered and the tables and graphs that summarize the collected data. Along with the tables and graphs are their respective interpretations. The flow of the results section should follow the flow of the research questions/problems/objectives. It is expected that for each research problem or objective, corresponding results are presented.

11. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 7. Discussion – provides an explanation of all the results in relation to the previous studies presented in the literature review. In this section, the research problems or objectives, as well as the major findings, are restated in the first paragraph. The succeeding paragraphs should explain whether the study supports or rejects the previous findings and explain the reasons for this. New findings uncovered in the research should also be stated. Similar to the flow of the results, the discussion part follows the flow of the research problems or objectives.

12. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 8. Conclusion – contains the restatement of the major findings, the limitations of the study, the recommendations, and the implications. Note that in some cases, the conclusion is integrated into the discussion.

13. PARTS OF RESEARCH REPORT: 9. References – contains the different sources used in the study. These may be academic books, journals, and other online sources. Its format depends on the school, teacher, or field of study.

14. STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: Writing a research report may seem like a daunting task, but if you break down the process into small steps, you will be able to accomplish it effectively. The stages of writing a research report also follow the basic writing process, with the few additions to accommodate and address the different parts of the report.

15. STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: Select and narrow down the topic. Use any of your preferred prewriting activities to generate ideas. Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial references. Formulate the thesis statement and research questions. A good thesis statement effectively guides and controls the flow of your paper. Prepare a preliminary outline. Gather additional references. Use the preliminary outline as a guide for this stage.

16. STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: 6 . Prepare the pre final outline. 7.Prepare your instruments, such as your questionnaire. Below are some guidelines in preparing a survey instrument. 8. Implement the instrument and gather the data. 9. Analyze the collected data and interpret it through tables and graphs. 10. Write the methodology and result sections.

17. STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: 11. Write the introduction and literature review. 12. Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to the discussion section. 13. Write the conclusion. 14. Prepare the reference list. Be sure to list all the items citied in the body of your paper. It is useful to keep a separate word document or physical notebook where you can list your reference as you come across them to make sure you do not leave anything out when you have to prepare the reference list 15. Edit and format your paper. Observe the proper mechanics.

18. GUIDELINES IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: Now that you are aware of the steps in writing a research report, follow the writing guidelines below to ensure that your report is well-written. Fifty to seventy-five percent of the paper should be devoted to results and discussion. Be sure to cite all your sources whether they are paraphrased or directly quoted.

19. GUIDELINES IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: 3. As with the previous types of written works, use direct quotations sparingly; paraphrase as much as possible. 4. Strictly follow the required documentation style. 5. Topics should be relevant, interesting, current, and manageable in terms of resources, skills needed, and time. They should not be too sensitive and too controversial. 6. Research questions should directly address the given topic or thesis statement.

20. GUIDELINES IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: Example: Title: Effect of Facebook on the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students. Thesis statement: Facebook has an effect on the academic performance of senior high school students.

21. GUIDELINES IN WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT: Research questions: (1) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ performance during examination? (2) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ attention span during class activities? (3) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ participation in curricular activities?

22. IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER ABOUT RESEARCH REPORT: In writing a research report, you must: Choose a topic that is interesting and relevant to your audience; use the accepted format; A ccomplish the purpose of each part of the report; A cknowledge the sources of the information you used in your report; and Be consistent with the citation style that you use. You must also keep in mind the properties of a well-written text to make your writing appear more academic.

23. activity : Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if false. 1. The research report follows a format similar to that of an academic essay. 2. The abstract should be written prior to writing a conclusion. 3. An informative title is preferred when writing a research report. 4. The conclusion contains the details of the finding obtained from the study. 5. Gathering references can be done recursively.

24. activity : 6. It is better to have as many direct quotations as possible. 7. Majority of the paper content should be devoted to literature review. 8. Survey instruments should be aligned to research questions. 9. Tables and graphs for the gathered data are presented under the introduction section. 10. The discussion section presents the procedure undertaken to complete the study.

25. activity : 1 1. The introduction contains the purpose of the study and the current state of the field of the study. 12. The literature review contains the explanation of relevant concepts and related studies. 13. The methodology contains the description of participants and instruments. 14. Title and thesis statement are written differently. 15. Two different documentation styles can be used in one research report.