Resource_Sharing_(2).ppt

Library resource sharing

1. Resource Sharing, Library
Networks and Consortia
National Conference on
Collection Management in Changing
Context: Problems and Prospects
Dr B R AmbedkarBhavan
KuvempuUniversity, Shivamogga
August 19-20, 2011
Dr. PoornimaNarayana
Scientist Information and Head
Information Centre for Aerospace Science and Technology
CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore

2. INFORMATION
CENTRE/ LIBRARY
LIB 1 LIB 2 LIB 3 LIB n
RESOURCE SHARING/
LIBRARY COOPERATION
LIBRARY CONSORTIUM
LAN /MAN /WAN
INTERNET
Library Group of Libraries Resource Sharing (Library Cooperation) Consortium User
Similar Discipline
Geographical Location
Broad Interest

3. Contents
Resource Sharing
•Need for Resource Sharing
•Objectives of Resource Sharing
•Areas of Resource Sharing
•Resource Sharing through Networks
•Characteristics
•Objectives
•Advantages
Networks
•Types of Networks
•Library Networks
•Important International Networks
LibraryConsortia
•Salient Features of Library Consortia
•Need of Library Consortia
•Purpose
•Objectives
•Major issues of consortia approach
•Consortium initiatives in India

4. Introduction
Theso-called‘InformationRevolution’hasmadeLibraries
aroundtheworldtoadoptnewphilosophiesand
technologiesforinformationdisseminationandalsoreduce
thecostofinformation.Maintainingthedeptanddepthsof
collectionofasinglegreatestchallengeconfrontinglibraries,
beit,academic,special,nationalorpublic,Librarieshave
realizedthatalthoughtheyarewellfunded,itisdifficultto
acquireallthematerialsneededbytheclientele.Infact
partnershipandcooperationinlocal,nationaland
internationalhavebecomeenviableforalllibraries.In
achievingresourcesharing/librarycooperationisthrough
theestablishmentofconsortiumovernetworks.

5. Phases Of Development
•Firstphase:severallibrariescometogether
forthemutualbenefitoftherespectiveusers
–LibraryCooperation/Resourcesharing…
•Secondphase:Librariesarelinkedtogether
withthehelpofICT
–LibraryNetwork
•Thirdphase:Librariescometogetherto
acquireandsharee-resources
–LibraryConsortium

6. Resource Sharing
Resourcesharingisamodeoflibraryoperationwhereby
allorpartofthelibraryfunctionsaresharedincommon
amongseverallibraries,asthegoalofresourcesharingis
tomaximizetheavailabilityofmaterialsandservicesat
theminimumexpense.Libraryresourcescomprise
manpowermaterial,function,methodandservices.
Resourcesharingencompasses information,
bibliographicalandtextualdatabase,cooperative
acquisition,cataloguing,manpower,equipment,
expertiseandservices.Resourcesharingvianetwork
impliesautomation,datacommunicationandeffective
cooperation.

7. Need for Resource Sharing
Proliferationofliteratureineachandeveryfieldofknowledge;
Multiplicityofdocumentsindifferentsubjects,languagesand
formats;
Developmentofnewsubjectsandsubjectspecialization;
Increaseofreadingcommunityandinformationseekers;
Diversityofusergroupsandtheirinformationneeds;
Demandofpinpointed,exhaustiveandexpeditiousinformation
services;
Increasedaccesstoinformationandservicesatexistingcost;
Accesstoexistinginformationandservicesatlesscost;
IncreaseinQuantity/Cost;
Demandforexpertiseandraredocuments;
Spaceconstraint;
Budgetconstraint.

8. Objectives of Resource Sharing
Optimizationofinformationresourcesthrough
sharedcataloguing,ILLservices,collection
developmentandavoidingduplication.
Pooledresourcescanhelptoarrangegreater
resourcecenters.
Documentselection.
Provide,throughcooperativeacquisitionby
voluntaryorganization,materialsbeyondthe
reachofindividuallibraries.

9. Areas of Resource Sharing
Inter-library loan
Cooperative acquisition
Specialized purchasing programs
Centralized processing
Shared Cataloguing
Sharing of bibliographical data
Centralized periodical collection for loan purposes
Cooperative microfilming
Preparation and maintenance of union catalogue and union
list of serials
Exchange of publications
Exchange of expertise.

10. Resource Sharing Through Networks
Inthepasttwodecades,informationtechnology
hasmadesignificantprogress.Thecurrentstateof
informationhandlingisindeedsufficienttosupport
andencouragethesharingofresourcesamong
libraries.Thepaceoftechnologicalimprovement
showsnosignsofabatementandlibrarieswillfind
itrewardingtoexploretherealmofnetworking
possibilitiesthatthisnewtechnologymakes
feasible.Especially,thepresentdecadehasseena
greatlyrenewedinterestinlibrarycooperationand
mutualbenefits,prominentlyatnationaland
internationallevels.

11. Resource Sharing Through Networks
Characteristics
Two or more libraries
with a common desire
and goals;
Two way
communication system
for free flow of
information from one
source to another;
Objectives
Centralize the
information processing
system; and
Reduce communication
gap among libraries.

12. Resource Sharing Through Networks
Advantages
Bibliographicliteratureexplosioncontrolling
Avoiding duplication
Improvingthemobilityofdata
Flow of information among special
information centres

13. NUCSSI

14. Union Catalogue of CSIR-DST
Institutions

17. Networks
Alibrarynetworkisbroadlydescribedasagroupof
librariescomingtogetherwithsomeagreementof
understandingtohelpeachothertosatisfythe
informationneedsoftheirclientele.
AlphonseF.Frezaadefinesnetworkingas:
“Aformalorganizationamonglibrariesforcooperating
andsharingofresources,inwhichthegroupsasa
wholeisorganizedintosubgroupswiththeexception
thatmostoftheneedsofalibrarywillbesatisfied
withinthesubgroupsofwhichitisamember.”

18. Networks….
Objectives
Topromoteandsupportadoptionofstandardsin
libraryoperations;
Tocreatedatabasesforprojects,specialistsand
institutionstoprovideonlineinformationservices;
Toimprovetheefficiencyofhousekeepingoperations;
Tocoordinatewithotherregional,nationaland
internationalnetworksforexchangeofinformationand
documents;and
Togeneratenewservicesandtoimprovetheefficiency
ofexistingones.

19. Networks….
Advantages
Thenetworkingofcomputerspermitsthe
sharingofcomputingresourcesavailableat
geographicallydispersedlocations.
Networkingalsoprovidesstandbybackup
optiontoitsnodes.

20. Types of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Storage/System/Smart Area Network (SAN)

21. Library Networks
Objectives
Toprovideanationalplatformdesignedtobridgethe
gapamongvarioustypesoflibrariesandestablishlinks
amongorganizations,professionalsandusersinvolved
inR&Dandmanufacturingactivitiesinthecountry;
Establishlocal,regional,nationalandinternational
cooperationforexchangeofinformationandexpertise;
Evolveandimplementprogrammesoneducationof
usersandtrainingofinformationscientistsresponsible
Tobuildinformationresources,prepareuniondatabase
andtodeveloprelevantinformationhandlingtoolsand
techniques;

22. Library Networks….
Continuouslyassessinformationrequirements,createand
improvenecessaryinfrastructureincludingcomputernetwork
supportandtoprovideinformaticsbasedsupportand
servicestothespecializedcommunityofusersworkingin
varioussubjectareas;
Sharingofresourcesandservicesincludinginter-library
lendingofbooks,periodicals,bulletinboards,SDIservice,on-
lineunioncatalogueofbooks,periodicals,preprints/reprints,
documentdelivery,informationretrievalanddissemination,
exchangeofmaterialsandrequestsforphotocopying;
On-lineaccesstoforeigndatabases,subjecttotheuser’s
willingnesstopaythecostsincurred;
Buildingalowcostlibraryinformationsystemwhichcan
possiblybeusedasamodelforfutureexpansion;
Createunderstandingandconfidenceamongprofessionals
andauthorities.

23. Important International Networks
The International Nuclear Library
Network (INLN)
WHO Library and Information
Networks for Knowledge (LNK)
International Association of Aquatic
& marine Science Libraries &
Information centeres(IAMSLIC)
WorldCatof OCLC
International Nuclear Library
Network (INLN)
Networked Digital Library of Theses
and Dissertations (NDLTD)
STOU (SukothaiThammitharatOpen
Univ)
INASP
HINARI
AGORA
JSTOR’s Africa Access Initiative

24. WorldCat

25. INLN/IAEA

26. AGORA

27. HINARI

28. NDLTD

29. WHO LNK

30. Indian Networks
ADINET
BALNET
BONET
BTISNET
CALIBNET
DELNET
ERNET
MALIBNET
MYLIBNET
NICNET
PUNENET
INFLIBNET

31. INFLIBNET

32. DELNET

33. ERNET

34. NICNET

35. Library Consortia
“Consortiumiscooperativearrangementofgroups
withapolicyofsharingresourcesamongmembers.”It
isastrategicallianceofinstitutionshavingcommon
interest.
AccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,‘Consortia’
meansa“temporarycooperationofanumberof
powers,companies,etc.,foracommonpurpose.Itis
anassociationofsimilartypesoforganizations/
institutionswhoareengagedforproducingand
servicingcommonthingsforprovidingservicesfora
specificpurposeofitsusers.”

36. Salient features of Library Consortia
Toeliminateproblemsfacedbylibrariestoprovide
variousservicestousers;
Tomeetthethrustofinformationofpeopledueto
rapidgrowthofpopulationallovertheworld;
Tocopeupwithnewlygeneratedknowledgepublished
indifferentforms,suchasprintedandnon-printed
documents,electronicsmediaonvariousdisciplines,
multi-disciplinaryandnewgeneratedsubjectareas;
Tocollectalldocumentspublishedatthenationaland
internationallevel,becauseofthelibraryfinancial
crunch;and
Toovercomelanguagebarriers.

37. Need for Library Consortia
Thepressureofcompetitionintheinformationmarketis
enhancingandcompellinginformationproviders.
Reducethecostofcollectiondevelopment.
Providesmore,better,fasterandcheaperservicesforlessmoney.
Indianuniversitiesarefindingithardtomaintainsubscriptionsto
evencorejournalsduetoeverincreasingcostofthejournal
subscriptionsandalsoshrinkingbudgets.
Shrinkingfiscalresources,pricehikeinscientificandtechnical
journalsandalsosocialsciencetitles.
Recenttrendsanddevelopmentsintheareaofcommunication,
computerandinformationtechnology.
ImprovingthequalityandstandardofresearchinIndian
universitiesbyimprovingtheaccessbaseofliteraturetothemis
essential.

38. Need of Library Consortia…
Academicandresearchuserscannowhopetohaveaccessto
theirlearnedjournalarticlesinelectronicformaselectronic
accessiscomparativelycheaper.
Reductioninstaffstrengthandcostsavingsforlibrarybudget.
Abletochangethemselvesandre-engineertheirservicesand
operationsinsuchawaythattheymeetuser-expectationsbetter
forlessmoney.
Rationalutilizationoffundsoflittlemoreinvestmentpaysalot.
Qualitativeresourcesharingforeffectivedocumentdelivery.
Growthinnumberofusers,particularlyinacademicandresearch
institutions.
Increaseinuserdemandforqualityservices.
Emergingchangesinthepublishingindustryasmostpublishingis
nowdoneindigitalform.

39. Purpose
LibraryPerspectives:Thegeneralperceptionamonglibrariesis
thataconsortiumshouldenablelibrariestopurchaseandprovide
accesstomoreresourcesthantheycurrentlyhave,withlesser
spendingthanwhattheycurrentlyspendandgainnetsavingsin
currentspending.
PublisherPerspectives:Publisherslookatconsortiaasaninstant
mass-marketopportunitytoexpandtheirmarketbaseinmany
timesbothintermsofclientbaseandrevenues.
TruePerspectives:Consortiamodelsarestillinanevolvingphase,
constantlyaffectedbytechnologicalchanges.Hence,consortia
developmentrequiresanopendialoguebetweenthetwoparties-
librariesandpublishers/vendors,inaspiritofpartnershiptohelp
theircommonbeneficiary,theenduser,whoseneedsandusage
alonecanjustifythesustenanceofwhatevernewconsortia
modelsthatpublisherscanofferandlibrariescanadopt.

40. Objectives
Rationalutilizationoffunds-Alittlemorepaysalot.
Increasetheaccessbase-Moree-journals.
Ensurecontinuoussubscription.
Maximizethecostbenefitpersubscription.
Examineandreviewnationalandinternationalissuessuchaspricingpoliciesand
copyrightlaw.
Bringpressureoncommercialpublisherstoreducethe‘growthrate’inthecostof
informationandtobringdowntheunitcostofinformation.
Toprovidemorecoverageofcollectionsandfacilitiestoprovidewideraccessto
users.
Toavoidduplicationofresourcesamonglibrariesofinterest.
Encourageaccessandsharingofuniqueandspecialcollectionswhichareavailable
inmemberlibraries.
Recognizefewlibraries,sothattheycantaketheresponsibilityofdevelopingand
maintainingcollectionswhichareofarchivalvalue.
Developtechnicalcapabilitiesofthestaffinoperatingandusingelectronic
publicationdatabases.
Reducedinformationcost.

41. Functions
Agreementforestablishmentofaconsortium–Aconcreteagreementis
neededtobeestablishedforparticipatinglibrariesinconsortiatoachieve
acommontarget.
Administrativeoflibraryconsortium–Torunthetotalfunctionsofa
consortiumsmoothlyastatutorybodyisverymuchessentialtobeformed
takingchieflibrarian/chiefinformationmanagerfromevery
library/informationcentre.
Financialcontrol–Whetheraconsortiumfundbecreatedtosubscribeto
thecorejournalsindifferentsubjectsinmultiplecopiesatadiscountrate.
JointWork–Preparelistoftitles
SubscribetoCoretitles
Preparetheunionlistoftitles
TOCservices
Evaluation–Afteracertainperiod,thewholeactivitiesofaconsortium,
(i.e.,individualaswellascooperative)mustbeevaluatedonthebasisof
pre-determinedobjectives.

42. Major issues of Consortia approach
Resource Identification
Technology Infrastructure
Pricing Issues
Access Related Issues
Licensing and Copyright Issues
Archival Issues
Sustainability Issues
Usage and Usability Issues

43. Consortium Initiatives in India
J-Gate / JCCC Consortium
•TOC of 500+ journals
•Links to abstract of the article
•Enables downloading
INDEST AICTE Consortium (Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Science
and Technology) MHRD
UGC INFONET Consortium
CSIR-DST Consortium (NKRC)
IIMs’ Consortium
FORSA Consortium
HELINET Consortium
UGC-DAE Consortia
ISRO LIBRARY Consortia
ICICI KNOWLEDGE PARK
TIFR Libraries Consortium
ISI Library Consortia Deals
STI NETWORK FOR RESOURCE SHARING AMONGST S&T LIBRARIES

44. CSIR-DST Consortium

45. INDEST

46. J Gate

47. JCCC

48. Information Resource Sharing Functions
Aconsortiumcantakeupfollowingactivitiesfor
promotinginformationresourcesharing:
Cooperativecollectiondevelopmentamong
memberlibraries
Cooperativeprocessingofinformationresources
acquiredthroughconsortium
Creationofvirtuallibrarycoveringallthee-
resourcesavailableinmemberlibraries

49. Information Resource Sharing Functions
Compilationofbibliographicaland/orfull-textdatabasesof
theholdingsofthememberlibraries,bothprintandnon-
print
Sharingofinformationresources,bothtraditionaland
digital,ofmemberlibrariesthroughnetworkordocument
deliveryservice
Allowingreciprocalborrowingbythemembersofall
librariesoftheconsortium
Supportingmemberlibrariesforsettinginstitutional
repositories,e-printarchives,electronicthesescollection,
etc.

50. Objective Of Consortia
Basicallyconsortiahavebeencreatedfor
acquisitionandsharinguseofe-journals
Itispossiblefortheusersofparticipatinglibraries
toaccessand/ordownloadtherequiredmaterials
remotely
Theobjectiveofconsortiacanbewidenedtomake
themefficientinstrumentsofsharingofalltypesof
libraryresources

51. Organizational Models
Avarietyoforganizationalmodelsofconsortia
havebeendeveloped
Atoneendarelooselyaffiliatedbuyingclubs
aimingatsharingadiscountedrateof
e-journalsanddatabases
Atanotherendaretightlyintegrated
organizationssharingvarietyofresources

52. Organizational Models…
Digitizationofvaluableandrarecollectionsof
memberlibrariesavailableinprintedformatand
providingaccesstosuchmaterialstothemembers
ofallthelibrariesoftheconsortium
Developingcommoninterfacetocatalogues,
databasesande-collectionbycreatingportals
Creatinginter-operabilityamongmembersystems,
databasesandservices

53. Other Resource Sharing Functions
Aconsortiummayalsoshareother
resourcesinthefollowingmanner:
Sharingthestoragefacilities,thereby
minimizingexpenditureonspace
Poolingofexpertmanpowerandpromoting
professionaldevelopment
AssistmemberlibrariesincreatingIT
infrastructure

54. Other Resource Sharing Functions
Facilitatingjointpreservationandarchiving
activitiesforprintanddigitalmaterials
Initiatingandsupportingresearchprojectsof
commoninterest
Collectivelypromoting,marketingand
publicisingthelibraryservices

55. Advantages of Consortium Building
Acomprehensivecollectionispossible
Avoidanceofduplicationofnoncorecollection
developmentamongtheparticipatinglibraries.
Reductioninthecostofinformationservices
Qualityofservicesisenhanced
Facilitationoftheuseofcommonlibrarysystem
Promotionofbestpractices
Implementationofstaffskillsdevelopment
programmers.

56. Challenges of Consortium Building
TeamWork
Recognitionofthevalueofeachteammemberandhisspecialty,
respectingeachmember’sopinionandseekingunderstandingof
eachothersviewscontributetoteammembersfeelingbeing
valuedandpartoftheteam
Trust,opennessandhonesty
Trustwillbebuildovertimewitheachofthepartnersdelivering
theircommitments.Trustwilldrasticallycutdownthecostof
runningaconsortiumwherepartnersconstantlycrosscheck
informationfromotherpartnersconstantlycrosscheck
informationfromotherpartnerstoavoidbeingadvantageof.

57. Advantages of Consortium Approach
Librariescomingtogethertoformconsortiummustmake
carefulchoiceofpartners.Ifeverymemberistreatedfairly
thennoonewillneedtowastetimeworryingmoneyissues.
Win-WinApproach
Allpartnersshouldreceiveanacceptablebenefitfromit
ratherthanworkingforindividualshorttermsgains,the
benefitoftheconsortiumasawholeisconsidered.
Oncethewin-winismindsetisinplace,theenergieswillbe
noticeable.Thecontributionsofallmembersshouldbe
recognizedandappreciatednomatterhowsmallis.

58. Mobilization Of Library Community
Inspiteofthebenefitsofconsortiaapproachthe
librarycommunityingeneralinIndiaisnotactively
comingforwardtoadoptit
Onlyafewlibrarieshaveformedconsortia
voluntarily
Someothershavebeeninducedtojoinconsortiaby
thesponsors
Alargenumberoflibrariesisstilloutoftheambitof
anyconsortium

59. Mobilization …
Themainreasonsofthissituationare:
•Lackofawarenessamongthelibrariesand/orlibrary
authoritiesabouttheultimatebenefitsofconsortia
•Conservativementalityofthelibraryauthoritieswith
regardtoe-informationresources,speciallyonline
resources
•Unwillingnessofsomelibrariestosharetheirresources
•Unwillingnessofsomelibrariestosharetheburdenof
resourcesharingi.e.servingusersoflibrariesother
thantheirown

60. Mobilization …
Unevendevelopmentoflibrariesofdifferentsectors
andslowprogressoflibraryautomation
Inabilityofmanylibrariesinmeetingtheminimum
commitmentrequiredtojoinaconsortiumdueto
financialandotherinfrastructuralconstraints
Lackofdemandforresourcesharingonthepartof
users
Poorbibliographicalcontroloftheholdingsofthe
libraries
Lackofsufficientinformationresourcestobe
shared

61. Mobilization …
Toharnesstheenormousbenefitsofconsortiaitis
necessarytomobilizethelibrarycommunitytoadopt
themethod
Govt.agencieslikeUGCandCSIRhavecome
forwardtomobilizethelibrariesbeingfundedby
them
Stepsshouldbetakentomobilizemorelibrariesby
makingthemawareaboutthebenefitsofconsortia
approachandremovingthebarriersfacedbythemin
thisregard

62. Future for Library Consortium
Toboostresourcesharingactivitiesthree-
prongedapproachisneeded:
Strengtheningandreengineeringofexisting
consortiatomakethemtruevehiclesof
resourcesharingandnotmerelysharingof
e-journals
Startingnewconsortiaandnetworksfor
resourcesharingonsuitablebasis
Linkingoftheconsortiabasednetworksto
achievenation-widenetworkoflibraries

63. Future…
Implementationofthesestepsmaytake
sometimeandfacemanyhurdles
Butoncedoneitwillbepossibletohave
effectivenation-wideresourcesharing
Thiswillsaveenormousamountofmoney
andexpediteresearchatalllevelsthereby
contributinggreatlyinnationaldevelopment
THANK YOU

64. ACKNOWELDGEMENTS
•Dr. A R UpadhyaDirector, NAL
•KUCLA & KSCLA Organisers
•NCCM: Organizing and Technical Committees
•Dr. B U Kannappanavar, OrganisingSecretary
•Dr. B S Biradar, Prof & Chair, DLIS, Kuvempu
Univ.
•ICAST/ CSIR-NAL colleagues