Respiration ppt

Respiration for class X Biology

2. Different ways in which glucose is oxidized to
provide energy in various organisms
•
Breaking down of glucose involves two step process. In the
first step, it is broken into three carbon molecule called
pyruvate. The pyruvate is further broken down into energy in
following different ways in various organisms:
•Aerobic Respiration: In this case, pyruvate is broken down into
water and carbon dioxide along with release of energy. It
commonly occurs in mitochondria of cells.
•Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast: In yeast cells during
fermentation pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon
dioxide in the absence of oxygen.
•Anaerobic Respiration in Muscles: Due to lack of oxygen, e.g.
during vigorous running or exercise, in human muscles,
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid.
•

3. Types of respiration
•Aerobic respiration
•1. Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence free oxygen.
•2. In Aerobic respiration complete oxidation of glucose takes place.
•3. End products of Aerobic respiration are CO2, water and energy (686 kcal).
•4. Large amount of energy is released, i.e. 36 ATP molecules per glucose
molecule.
• 5. First step of Aerobic respiration (glycolysis) takes place in cytoplasm while
the next step takes place in mitochondria.
• 6. It takes place in all higher organisms.
•Anaerobic respiration
•1. Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of free oxygen.
•2. In Anaerobic respiration the glucose molecule is incompletely broken down.
•3. End products of Anaerobic respiration are ethyl alcohol (or lactic acid), CO2,
and a little energy (58 kcal).
• 4. Small amount of energy is released, i.e. 2 ATP molecules per glucose
molecule.
•5. Complete anaerobic respiration occurs in cytoplasm.6. It takes place in lower
organisms like yeast and muscles of man

4. The dissolved
oxygen content
in water is less
That’s why fish
breathes for
many times

5. Nasal
Cavity
Nose
Mouth
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Diaphragm
Throat
(pharynx)
Windpipe
(Trachea)
Left lungs
Ribs

6. Nose and Mouth Picture

7. In human beings, air is taken into the body of
the living organism through the nostrils. The air
passing through the nostrils is filtered by fine air
that line the passage. The passage is also lined
with mucus which help in the process. From
here the air passes through the throat and into
the lungs. Rings of cartilage are also present in
the throat. These ensure that the air passage does
not collapse.

9. Trachea

12. Trachea divides into two branches called bronchi .
Each bronchus enters the lungs of its side ,
branches and retrenches branches of bronchi
ultimately produce very fine tubes called
bronchioles .
Bronchioles do not posses supporting cartilaginous
rings.Finer bronchioles give rise to alveoli or
alveolar sacs.
Alveoli are polyhedral to rounded sacs having
extremely thin single layered intense closely with
blood capillaries Alveoli are actual sites of gaseous
exchange.

14. What is Human Respiration?
•The human respiratory
system allows one to obtain
oxygen, eliminate carbon
dioxide.
•Breathing consists of two
phases, inspiration and
expiration
–Inspiration- the process of
taking in air
–Expiration- the process of
blowing out air

16. Inspiration
•During inspiration the outer
intercostal muscles contract
which raises the chest
cavity or the ribs.
•This is accompanied by the
lowering of the diaphragm.
Together these movements
serve to increase the area
of the thoracic cavity that
reduces the pressure. The
air from outside rushes into
the lungs

17. Expiration
•The inner intercostal
muscles contract
bringing the ribs back to
the original position and
the diaphragm is also
raised back by the
action of the abdominal
muscles.
•This reduces the space
in the chest cavity and
increases the pressure.
This expels the air out
of the lungs

21. Trans port of respiratory gases
•a) Transport of Oxygen
•The respiratory pigments (haemoglobin) present in 
red blood cells takes up the oxygen from the air to 
the lungs. They carry the oxygen to tissues which 
are deficient in oxygen.
•(b) Transport of carbon dioxide
•Carbon Dioxide is more soluble in water. Hence, it is 
mostly transported from body tissues in the 
dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs where it 
diffuses from blood to air in the lungs and then 
expelled out through nostrils.

24. Exchange of gases at
alveolar surface
Exchange of gases between cells
& blood
Oxygen from
alveolus to blood
Carbon dioxide from
blood to alveolus
Oxygen from blood to cells
Carbon dioxide from cells to
blood

25. Oxygen binds with
haemoglobin to form
oxyhaemoglobin
In this form it
transports through
the blood