Respiratory Rate and respiratory measurements.pptx

Respiratory rate, disturbance, causes, measurements, treatment...

1. Respiratory Rate

2. The respiratory rate is the rate at which breathing occurs; it is set and controlled by the respiratory center of the brain. A person's respiratory rate is usually measured in breaths per minute. The normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 1 6 breaths per minute.

3. Normal range Average resting respiratory rates by age are birth to 6 weeks: 30–40 breaths per minute 6 months: 25–40 breaths per minute 3 years: 20–30 breaths per minute 6 years: 18–25 breaths per minute 10 years: 17–23 breaths per minute Adults: 1 2 –1 6 breaths per minute 50 years: 18-25 breaths per minute[10] Elderly ≥65 years old: 12–28 breaths per minute.[13] Elderly ≥ 80 years old: 10-30 breaths per minute.

4. Minute volume Respiratory minute volume is the volume of air which is inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from the lungs in one minute.

5. Measurement Mechanical ventilation Respirometer

6. Mechanical ventilation or assisted ventilation Mechanical ventilation or assisted ventilation is the medical term for using a machine called a ventilator to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.

7. Respirometer A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide.

8. Procedure Take into consideration the importance of how the person is breathing, as well as the rate at which they are breathing . Respiratory rate, depth and symmetry are indicative of different types of conditions. eg Pneumothorax: Asymmetrical chest expansion, use of accessory muscles; Exacerbation of asthma: Dyspnoea, difficulty breathing, wheeze, tachypnoea (RR above 20 breaths per minute); Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Dyspnoea, wheeze, tachypnoea (RR above 20 breaths per minute)

9. The ideal length of time to take a respiratory rate measurement is 60 seconds, without patient awareness that they are being monitored. Oxygen saturation measurement (eg oximetry) is not a replacement for respiratory rate measurement Accurate documentation and interpretation of accurately taken observations help improve patient outcomes[

10. Causes of abnormal respiratory rate Tachypnoea Bradypnoea Anxiety Pain Fever Exercise Asthma Pulmonary embolism Pneumonia Acute respiratory distress syndrome Heart failure Shock Diabetic ketoacidosis Neuromuscular disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary Depression of the respiratory centre Opioid overdose Increased intracranial pressure Diabetic coma Exhaustion caused by severe airway obstruction Sleep apnoea Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

11. Terms to describe abnormal respiratory rate include: Bradypnea is the medical term used to define breathing that is abnormally slow. Tachypnea is the medical term used to define an elevated respiratory rate. This rapid respiratory rate is usually shallow, versus hyperpnea which can be rapid and deep. Dyspnea refers to the sensation of shortness of breath and can occur with an elevated, a normal, or a decreased respiratory rate. Hyperpnea refers to breathing that is abnormally deep and appears laboured. It may occur with or without rapid breathing. Apnea means literally “no breath” and refers to the absence of breathing[4]. eg sleep apnea