Restriction Endonuclease

An Overview on the topic of Restriction Endonuclease has been provided.

1. RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE Presented by: Asha Raj Inchara R VII Semester Molecular Biology Yuvaraja College (Autonomous) Mysuru

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY NOMENCLATURE RECOGNITION SEQUENCES AND CLEAVAGE CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM CONCLUSION REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. INTRODUCTION Fig 01: Classification of enzymes used in Genetic Engineering

4. Fig 02: Breakage of Phosphodiester linkage by REase activity

5. HISTORY Fig 03 : Joint Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine has been shared by Werner Arber, Daniel Nathan, and Hamilton O Smith in 1978.

6. NOMENCLATURE Fig 04: Examples for REase

7. RECOGNITION SEQUENCES Recognition sequence is the site where the DNA is cut by a restriction endonuclease. The recognition site of most REases is palindromic or partially palindromic. Palindrome is a word, phrase, or sentence that is spelled identically when read either forward or backwards. AND MADAM DNA

8. CLEAVAGE Table 1: A selected list of enzymes/ recognition sequences, and their products formed with Sources

9. Type I Hetero-oligomer of R, M and S subunits S-adenosyl-L-methionine ( AdoMet ), ATP & Mg 2 + Multi subunit complex (2R, 2M & 1S), 1000bp away. Cleavage at random site away from the recognition site Type II Homo di or tetramer of R subunit Mg 2 + Many subtypes (Type IIG, IIP & IIS) Cleave DNA specifically near to the recognition site Features Subunit Composition Cofactors Characteristics Action Type III Heterotrimers (M2R1) or Heterotetramers (M2R2) AdoMet , ATP & Mg 2 + Restriction & modification enzymes cut at different locations within 25bp of recognition site Cleave outside its recognition sequence and require 2 restriction sites in opposite orientation in same DNA. Type IV Single subunit with R and M activity Mg 2+ , activity is stimulated by AdoMet Cleaves exactly at recognition site.   Normally cut methylated DNA Table 2: Types of restriction enzymes with characteristics features CLASSIFICATION

10. MECHANISM Mg 2+ Fig 05: Direct hydrolysis of phosphorous atom

11. Fig 06: Bacteria fights invading viruses by making REase

12. CONCLUSION APPILCATIONS

13. REFERENCES Craig Heller, David Hillis , May Berenbaum & David Sadava . 2011. LIFE: The Science of Biology, 9 th Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, U.S.A, 1392pp . Brown T . A . 2010. Gene Cloning & DNA Analysis: An Introduction, 6 th Edition , John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication, West Sussex, UK, 338pp. James D. Watson, Alexander Gann, Tania A. Baker, Michael Levine, Stephen P. Bell & Richard Losick with Stephen C. Harrison. 2014. Molecular Biology of the gene, 7 th edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, 911pp. https :// international.neb.com/products/restriction-endonucleases/restriction-endonucleases/types-of-restriction-endonucleases http:// epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=3

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT