retaining wall for hilly areas in the construction field

the presentation is related to the construction field highlting retaining wall

1. RETAINING WALL PRESENTED BY : M.KAMRAN ROLL NUMBER : 12 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II

2. RETAINING WALL A STRUCTURE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND WITH LATERAL PRESSURES OF SOIL AND BEHIND MATERIALS. IN PAST BUTTRESS AND SLOPED STRUCTURES WERE USE TO AVOID FAILURES. BUTTRESSS AND SLOPE STRUCTURE REQUIRED MORE SPACE. RETAINING WALL IS THE MODIFIED FORM OF THESE BOTH. RETAINING WALL CAN BE CONSTRUCTED IN LESS SPACE AND CAN DO THE JOB WELL

3. TYPES OF RETAINING WALL THERE ARE 9 TYPES OF RETAINING WALL EACH HAVING DIFFERENT FEATURES USED IN DIFFERENT SITUATION. GRAVITY R-WALL CRIB R-WALL GABION R-WALL CANTILEVERED R-WALL COUNTER FORT/BUTTRESSED R-WALL ANCHORED RETAINING WALL PILED RETAINING WALL MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH (MSE) R-WALL HYBRID SYSTEM R-WALL

4. GRAVITY RETAINING WALL A TYPE OF RETAINING WALL WHICH RETAIN THE EARTH LATEAL FORCES DEPENDING ON ITS WEIGHT ONLY. GRAVITY WALL ARE MASSIVE IT IS BECAUSE IT DEPENDS ON ITS OWN WEIGHT. SLIDDING, OVERTURNING AND BEARING FORCES SHOULD BE TAKEN IN CONSIDERATION MATERIALS: IT IS CONSTRUCTED OF CONCRETE, STONE AND MASONARY UNITS. IT IS ECONOMICAL FOR A HEGHT UPTO 3m

5. CRIB RETAINING WALL A TYPE OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL. IT IS CONSTRUCTED OF INDIVIDUAL BOXES MADE OF PRE-CAST CONCRETE OR TIMBER PLACED OVER EACHTOTHER. THE BOXES ARE FILLED OF CRUSHED STONE OR OTHER COARSE MATERIAL TO CREATE THE STRUCTURE. IT INCLUDES PRE-CAST CONCRETE AND TIMBER. IT SITUATED FOR PLANTING AREAS NOT FOR STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

6. GABION RETAINING WALL IT IS MULTI-CELLED RECTANGULAR WIRE MESH BOXES. IT IS FILLED WITH ROCKS OR OTHER MATERIALS IT IS USED FOR EROSION CONTROL STRUCTURES IT IS ALSO USED TO STABILIZE STEEP SLOPES

7. CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL IT CONSIST OF A STEM AND A BASE SLAB IT IS CONSTRUCTED FROM REINFORCED CONCRETE, PRECAST CONCRETE AND PRESTRESS CONCRETE THE MOST COMMON TYPE USED AS RETAINING WALL THE PORTION OF THE SLAB BENEATH BACKFILL MATERIAL IS TERMED AS HEEL AND THE OTHER THE OTHER PART IS TOE ECONOMICAL UPTO HEIGHT OF 10m REQUIRES SMALLER QUANTITY OF CONCRETE THA GAVITY WALL BECAUSE IT HAS RENINFORCEMENT SLIDING, OVERTURNING AND BEARING PRESSURES SHOULD BE TAKEN IN CONSIDERATONS

8. COUNTER FORT RETAINING WALL IT IS A CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL BUT STRENGHENED BY COUNTER FORTS WITH THE BACK OF THE WALL SLAB AND BASE SLAB COUNTER FORT SPACE IS EQUALL OR SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN HALF OF THE COUNTER FORT HEIGHT ITS HEIGHT RANGES FROM 8-12m

9. ANCHORED RETAINING WALL THIS TYPE IS USED WHEN THE SPACE IS LESS AND THIN RETAINING WALL IS REQUIRED IT IS SUITABLE FOR LOOSE SOIL OVER ROCKS HIGH RETAINING WALL CAN BE CONSTRUCTED USING ACHORED RETAINING WALL ACHORRES(TIEBACKS) ACTS AGAITS OVERTURNING AND SLIDING PRESSURE

10. PILED RETAINING WALL PILE RETAINING WALLS ARE CONSTRUCTED BY DRIVING CONCRETE REINFORECEMED PILES INTO EARTH IT IS USED IN BOTH TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT WORKS PILE RETAINING WALLS HAVE HIGH STIFFNESS RETATINING WALLS WHICH CAN WITHSTAND WITH HIGH LATERAL PRESSURES

11. HYBRID RETAINING WALL RETAINING WALLS THAT USE BOTH MASS AND REINFORCEMENT FOR STABILITY ARE TERMED AS HYBRID RETAINING WALL SYSTEM

12. DRAINAGE CONDITIONS IN RETAINING WALL THE MAIN REASON OF FAILURE OF RETAINING WALL IS THE STEGNANT WATER WHEN A RETAINING WALL IS CONSTRUCTED AND THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IS NOT PROPERLY ARRANGED FOR WATER RUNOFF CAUSE THE FAILURE OF RETAINING WALL IT REDUCE THE LIFE SPAN OF RETAINING WALL WHEN RETAINING WALL IS BELOW WATER OR STRIKES WITH RETAINING WALL THE WATER DISTURBES THE R-WALL HENCE THE PROPER DRAINAGE DESING FOR THE RETAINING WALL IS MUCH MORE IMPORTANT

13. ELEMENTS OF RETAINING WALL DRAINAGE GEOTEXTILES THROUGH THEIR RESISTENCE TO PERFORARTION AND TRACTION THEY CAN PROTECT WATERPROOFING SHEETS AND AND HAVE HIGH DRAINAGE CAPACITY DRAINAGE PIPE IT RESIST THE RAVAGES OF THE WEATHER AND ONCE AND FOR ALL PREVENTS CRYSTALLIZATION IN THE DRAINAGE 0F THE RATAINING WALL IN ADDITION TO BEING LIGTHT AND ADAPTING TO CURVE DRAINS AND IT IS ECONOMICAL

14. ELEMENTS OF RETAINING WALL DRAINAGE GRAVEL FILTER THE RETAINING WALL DRAINGAGE SYSTEM CONTAINING A GRAVEL FILTER COVER THE ENTIRE LATERAL PLANE OF THE RETAINING WALL . IT WILL BE MADE UP OF A LINEAR DRAIN ON THE FOOT OF THE WALL AND A POROUS SCREEN PLACED ON THE DRAIN WATERPROOFING MANTLE IT IS RECOGNIZE IN MANY OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS IT IS A MEMBRANE MADE OF DISTILLED ASPHALT WITH AN INTERNAL REIINFORCEMENT OF GLASS VIBES AND A BLACK POLYETHYLENE LAMINATION IT IS FELXIBLE AND ELASTIC INCLUDING THAT IT ADHERES TO THE CONCRETE ENTIRELY PREVENTING THE INVASION OF WATER