Review of literature.pptx

How to write Literature in research

1. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Ms.K.Lavanya MSc (N)- CHN Associate Professor

2. Introduction :   It is one of the most important steps in research process. It is an account of what is already known about particular phenomenon. The main purpose is to convey to the readers about the work already done and knowledge and ideas that have been already established on a particular topic of research

3. Definition The review of literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive in depth, systematic and critical review of scholarly publications, unpublished scholarly print materials, audio visual materials and personal communications. -B.T. Basavanthappa It is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of knowledge on a particular topic of research . - (ANA 2000) It is an account of what has been already established or published on a particular research topic by accredited scholars and researchers. ( University of Toronto -2001)

4. Importance:   Identification of research problem and refinement of research questions Generation of useful research questions or projects Orientation of what is known and not known about an area of inquiry Determine any gaps in the body of knowledge Discovery of unanswered questions about subjects , concepts or problems

5. Contd ….. Identification of relevant conceptual framework Identification of development of new or redefined clinical intervention Development of hypothesis to be tested in research instruments Helps in planning the methodology of present study

6. Purposes: Describe the relationship of each study to other research study under consideration. Identify new ways to interpret on any gaps in previous research Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictions previous studies Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort See what has and has not been investigated Identify potential relationships between concepts and identify researchable hypothesis Develop alternative research projects Learn how others have defined and measured key concepts

7. Characteristics of a Good Quality ROL: A good review of literature must be comprehensive. It should include up to date references. It should be systemic It should be reproducible. It should be free from bias It should be well written It should be clearly searched and selected Accurate references should be given in the review.

8. Types of Review of Literature

9. Sources Literature sources may be classified as primary source and secondary source. PRIMARY SOURCE: A primary source is a literature resource of a study written by the original researcher. It is research publication written by the person or people who conducted the research. Examples: Research articles, unpublished thesis/ Dissertation, personal diary, hand written records and reports, etc.,

10. Secondary Sources   Secondary source research documents or description of studies prepared by someone other than the original research.

11. Main Sources:   Electronic database Books Journals Conference papers Thesis Encyclopedia & Dictionary Research reports Magazines & Newspaper

12. Common Websites CINAHIL ( Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)- Provides access to virtually all English language journals and primary journals from 13 allied health disciplines including health education, Medical records, occupational therapy, physical therapy and radiological technology. Medline ( Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieved System Online)- reference material like biomedical sciences, medicine, pharmacology, nursing, dentistry ETC., PubMed Medline Plus Education resource Information center- (ERIC) – It covers subjects such as adult career or vocational education, counseling and personnel services, educational management, primary and early childhood education, handicapped & gifted children. ETC., British nursing Index A Cochrane Review is  a systematic review of research in health care and health policy  that is published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

13. ONLINE JOURNALS Nursesfriendly.com Nsna.org Healthweb.org Ispub.com Healthweb.org Medbioworld.org Nursingworld.org https://www.omicsonline.org/nursing-journals-india/

14. Contd ……

15. National Journals Nursing Journal of India Nightingale nursing time Indian Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Indian journal of nursing Studies Indian journal of nursing research Journal of advanced practice in nursing

16. International Journals: Nursing Research Nursing Sciences Quarterly Western Journal of Nursing Research Applied Nursing Research Biological Research of Nursing Advances in Nursing Sciences Clinical Nursing Research Journal of Qualitative Research American Journal of Nursing

17. STEPS OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE

18. Annotated Bibliography Researcher read articles, books and other types of literature related to the topic of research and write a brief critical synopsis of each review . After going through the reading list, researchers will have an annotation of each source of related literature. Later, annotations are likely to more references of other work since previous readings will be available to compare, but at this point the important goal is to get accurate.

19. Thematic Organization Researchers try to find common themes of research topic and organize the literature under these themes, sub themes or categories . Here, Researchers try to organize literature under themes, which relate to each other & are arranged in a chronological manner. Researchers try to establish coherence between themes & literature discussed under these themes.

20. More Reading: Researcher tries to discover specific literature materials relevant to the field of study or research methodologies which are relevant for their research.

21. Write Individual Sections: R esearcher starts writing the literature under each thematic section by using previously collected drafts of annotations. Here they organize the related articles under each theme by ensuring that every article is related to each other.

22. Integrate sections: Researchers have a list of thematic sections and they tie them together with an introduction, conclusion and some additions and revision in the sections to show how they relate to each other and to the overall theme .

23. Content of the Review

24. Writing the Introduction While writing the introduction, following steps should be taken care of: Define or identify the general topic, issue, or area of concern, thus providing appropriate context for reviewing the literature. Point out overall trends in what has been published about the topic or conflicts in theory, methodology, evidence & conclusion or gaps in research & scholarship, or a single problem or new perspective of immediate interest. Establish the writers point of view for reviewing the literature, explain the criteria to be used in analyzing & comparing literature & organization or review ( Sequence).

25. Writing the Body Following measures need to be undertaken while writing the body of the literature. Group research studies & other types of literature( reviews, theoretical articles, casestudies ) according to common denominators such as qualitative versus quantitative approaches, conclusions of authors, Specific purposes or objectives, chronology & so on. Summarize individual studies or articles with as much as or as little detail as each merits according to its comparative importance in the literature, Assist the reader with strong umbrella sentences at the beginning of paragraphs, signpost throughout, & brief summary sentences at immediate points.

26. Writing the conclusion Summarize major contributions of significant studies & articles to the body of knowledge under review, maintaining the focus established in the introduction. Evaluate the current state of the art for the body of knowledge reviewed, pointing out major methodological flaws or gaps in research, inconsistencies in theory, & finding areas or issues pertinent to future study. Conclude by providing some insight into the relationship between central topic of the literature

27. Examples Bad Example:

28. Points to be Considered Be Specific & be Succinct Briefly state specific findings listed in an article, specific methodologies used in a study, or other important points. Literature reviews are not the place for long quotes or in-depth analysis of each point. Be Selective: Researcher should narrow down a lot of information into a small space for literature review. Just the most important points (i.e., those most relevant to the reviews focus) must be mentioned in each work of review.

29. Conclusion: