RFID based maximum pollution vehicles spanning algorithm for solving emission in cities using IOT.pptx

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1. RFID based maximum pollution vehicles spanning algorithm for solving emission in cities using IOT

2. CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Objective Scope Problem statement Literature survey Block diagram working proposed model and technology Advantages Application conclusion 10/18/2023 2

3. Abstract In developing countries the new emerging problem is pollution emission through vehicles. This problem is largely occurring in metro cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Pune etc. to control the pollution the monitoring system needs to develop. There are various projects on the pollution emission monitoring in various countries but due to the technological, economical differences of developed countries and developing countries these projects cannot be implemented in developing countries. Another aspect of system is cost, the cost of system should be low this can be achieve by using low cost components like ZIGBEE. In this paper a cost effective solution to monitor vehicle pollution and automatic traffic management is discussed. The problems regarding multi tagging, efficiency of on board device can be overcome by proposed system. This system provides traffic management without adding further cost. 10/18/2023 3

4. introduction The Internet of Things ( loT ) is a new concept which has attracted the attention of both academia and industry. Internet of Things ( loT ) is implemented as a network of interconnected objects, each of which can be addressed using unique id and communicates based on standard communication protocols. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, are released when fuel is burned in an internal combustion engine and when air/fuel residuals are emitted through the vehicle tailpipe. Gasoline vapors also escape into the atmosphere during refueling and when fuel vaporizes from engines and fuel systems caused by vehicle operation or hot weather. 10/18/2023 4

5. Objective :The objective of this paper is to monitor air pollution on roads and track a vehicle which causes pollution. In order to solve this problem, many countries and regions have already presented a series of emissions standards, meanwhile some methods has been developed, including update motor engine or improving the quality of the gasoline. However, these actions have not brought about striking effect as we expect. In this system, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology as a low-cost and mature wireless communication method is adopted to collect and transmit emissions information of vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT) concept is proposed. Moreover, The RFID devices need to be installed on the traffic lights so that reliable reading of emissions signals from a vehicle can be interrogated when the vehicles stop in front of the red light .By applying the system, it is possible to smoothly realize a green traffic network. 10/18/2023 5

6. scope n this paper, the use of sensor networks in environmental monitoring and vehicle monitoring, which are important in a smart city. The connectivity provided by WiFi are needed to realize the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). The main cause of environmental pollution in most cities are industries and automobiles emitting different types of poisonous gases. This paper discusses the implementation of a unit which senses the presence of gases and uploads the information to a website. The second part of this work is a vehicle monitoring unit that can be fixed in vehicles. This system tracks the vehicle and monitors its engine temperature and the presence of poisonous gases. In the case of the vehicle is stolen, it will be tracked and a message is sent to the owner. An Android app is developed so that all the required information is easily available. The paper describes the hardware and software implementation of the prototype system. 10/18/2023 6

7. Problem statement The proportion of air pollution which is caused by the cars is increasing. In order to solve this serious problem, many countries and regions have already presented a series of emissions standards, meanwhile some methods has been developed, include update motor engine or improve the quality of the gasoline. However, these actions have not brought about a striking effect as we expect. There are also some situations to fail implement these emissions standards. In this paper, a wireless inspection and notification system (WINS) through the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed. 10/18/2023 7

8. Literature survey Recently, different pollution control systems discussed in literatures. In 2014 “Application of RFID Technology and the Maximum Spanning Tree Algorithm for Solving Vehicle Emissions in Cities on Internet of Things” presented by chi-man vong in this paper a pollution control system for developed countries is discussed the system consist of RFID tag to which the lambda sensor is connected through analog to digital converter. The lambda sensor mounted on exhaust pipe to measure air ratio when air ratio is less than one carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission will increased and when air ratio greater than one more nitrogen oxide will 10/18/2023 8

9. CONTINUE.. be produced. This value is read by RFID reader. This RFID tag transfer data to another RFID unit. This module is connected to the 3G card through which data is send to the database server where all the data with date is available. The standards and received data from the vehicles are compared if the standards does not match with the data then message is generated and send to the vehicle owner. In this paper for mounting of the RFID tag efficiently by using maximum spanning tree algorithm is also discussed which help us to mount RFID tag on minimum traffic junctions and covers large traffic 10/18/2023 9

10. Continue: The second paper Automated System for Air Pollution Detection and Control in Vehicles presented by Anita kulkarni , T. Ravi Teja. In this paper on board pollution control system discussed. If pollution through vehicles crosses predefined standards then this system stops vehicle and message generated and sent to specific number which is stored in GSM module problem. Another paper presented called etc assisted traffic light control scheme for reducing vehicles co2 emissions by chunxiao li and shigeru shimamoto . In this paper author presents a vehicle’s CO2 emission reduction scheme by an ETC-assisted real-time traffic light control scheme in vehicular networks. Using Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) devices traffic at each junction can be find out. ETC devices communicate with signals at each junction. With the help of this communication traffic at each junction is obtained [4]. Comparison of previous system and proposed system is given in following table. 10/18/2023 10

11. Proposed system / method of implementation At present we have a system to monitor vehicular pollution manually. PUC certificate is mandatory for every vehicle owner. A vehicle owner not carrying a valid PUC certificate is liable to be prosecuted under section 190(2) of the motor vehicles act. Computerized facilities for checking of pollution levels and issue of PUC certificates to vehicles meeting emission standards are available at many petrol pumps/ workshops. But the periodic monitoring of PUC certificates manually is a constant challenge. Although many projects have been proposed in the literature but implementation of a thoroughly new system again presents a challenge. To overcome this difficulty, this paper proposes a system for periodic monitoring of PUC certificates. In the proposed system, PUC centres issue the certificate in the form of a barcode. The bar code issued has information of expiry date of PUC certificate and vehicle number. When a four wheeler goes to a toll plaza, the bar code is scanned and with the help of computer program, the data is sorted according to validity of PUC and maintains a central data base for future reference. If the vehicle’s PUC certificate has expired or it does not meet the set standards, then a grace period is given to vehicle owner to meet the requirements and is stored in the central data base against vehicle number. If the vehicle is found to violate the criteria even after grace period, then the separate database is maintained for the information of the concerned authority for necessary action. Authorised person can access this information by going through this data. If a vehicle is not having PUC certificate, its vehicle number can directly be fed in data base. In this way effective monitoring of PUC certificates can be initiated. 10/18/2023 11

12. Block diagram

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14. working It has a high end embedded processor and sensors. This unit may be placed at all traffic junctions, which is a convenient point to place it. The control unit is the central unit from where information goes to the governing authorities through the website. many more sensors. The board have Wi-Fi connectivity. Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the Control unit. CO(carbon monoxide) sensor, are gas sensor for monitoring the quality of air. The WIFI module is used to communicate with the vehicle unit. There is an RFID reader in this unit, which reads the RFID tag of the vehicles at the junction. Figure shows the overview of the control unit. It includes the circuit board used with different components. 10/18/2023 14

15. continue The active RFID the active RFID tag are designed to collect the emissions data from the vehicle exhaust system. Although active RFID tag has a lifetime which is limited by the onboard power source, it is not an issue for WINS because there is already a power supply in every vehicle. In a typical vehicle exhaust system, there are usually to built-in nitrogen & gas, temperature sensors installed on the exhaust system. Therefore, the value is collected as the emissions data. In particular, the three sensors in the exhaust system of an automobile, the one is settled before the catalytic converter and the other one after it to evaluate if the catalytic converter works well. To collect emissions data from the downstream sensor better, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is also designed to connect RFID tag. It is a device that uses sampling to convert a continuous quantity into a digital number and has been widely used for signal conversion problems. With ADC, the voltage signal (values) being outputted from the lambda sensors is first converted into digital signal, and then stored in the RFID tag directly via the wires. A prototype of the RFID tag with ADC is made 10/18/2023 15

16. 10/18/2023 16 COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM: AT 328 SMD LcD Display RFID Transformer Regulator Circuitry, Switches LED’s PCB Board Resistors Capacitors Transistors Cables and Connectors

17. advantage Highly Sensitive, Low cost and Reliable circuit. Works according to the Driver drowsiness detection. To identify the location easily. Complete elimination of manpower. Can handle heavy loads up to 7A. System can be switched into manual mode when even required. 10/18/2023 17

18. Applications The functionalities of the project are listed below A. Environmental monitoring  Air pollution monitoring  Vehicular emission tracking  Temperature measurement B. Vehicle monitoring  Tracking of stolen vehicle  Engine temperature 10/18/2023 18

19. Expected outcome / conclusion This paper focuses on some important aspects that need attention when a comprehensive scheme for IoT based city management is envisaged. The most important point in IoT for cities is that the smartness is to be achieved with the least amount of human intervention. Machine-to-machine communication and Machine to-infrastructure communication is the two essential requirements in a smart city project. This requires highly reliable networks and low power sensors and equipment’s. Once this is done, systems for monitoring and controlling, as in this paper, may be easily integrated into the infrastructure of the city and citizens will learn to use these systems. 10/18/2023 19

20. REFERENCES [1] www.epa.gov. [2] Chi-Man Vong “Application of RFID Technology and the Maximum Spanning Tree Algorithm for Solving Vehicle Emissions in Cities on Internet of Things” 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF- iot ) [3] Anita kulkarni1, T. Ravi Teja ”Automated System for Air Pollution Detection and Control in Vehicles ” /ijareeie.2014.0309061 [4] Chunxiao LI and Shigeru shimamoto “Etc assisted traffic light control scheme for reducing vehicles” International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.4, No.2, May 2012. [5] Areas Srinivas Devarakonda , Parveen Sevusu , Hongzhang Liu, Ruilin Liu, Liviu Iftode , Badri Nath “Real-time Air Quality Monitoring Through Mobile Sensing in Metropolitan” [6] Darshana N. Tambe and Ms. Nikita Chavan “Detection of air pollutant using ZIGBEE” International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC) Vol.4, No.4, August 2013 [7] A Distributed Algorithm for Spanning Trees R. G. Gallager , P. A. Humblet Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [8] Akshay Kanwar, Aditi Khazanchi ” ZIGBEE: The New Bluetooth Technology” International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume1 Issue 2 Nov 2012 Page No. 67-74 [9] Nisha Ashok Somani 1 and Yask Patel 2 “ZIGBEE: a low power wireless technology for industrial applications” International Journal of Control Theory and Computer Modeling (IJCTCM) Vol.2, No.3, May 2012 DOI : 10.5121/ijctcm.2012.2303 27 [10] Kwang Soo Yoo” Gas Sensors for Monitoring Air Pollution” Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Seoul, Korea. 10/18/2023 20

21. 10/18/2023 21 Thank you