Rhinitis Slideshare Gastrointestinal Disorder

Rhinitis commonly known as a stuffy
nose,
is the medical term describing
irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose .
It is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Acute Rhinitis is also known as the common cold.
It may be bacterial or viral.
It may be classified as acute & allergic .
It usually lasts 5 to 7 days.
It may be bacterial or viral or irritants.
Which is caused by Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses , or bacterial sinusitis .

1. RHINITIS MS. VEDANTI PATEL ASSI. PROFESSOR

2. Introduction : Rhinitis commonly known as a stuffy nose, is the medical term describing irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose . It is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Acute Rhinitis is also known as the common cold. It may be bacterial or viral. It may be classified as acute & allergic . It usually lasts 5 to 7 days.

3. Etiology it may be bacterial or viral or irritants. which is caused by Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses , or bacterial sinusitis .

4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION : : Increased nasal drainage.(yellow & green)or nasal dripping. Nasal congestion Obstruction to nasal breathing. Irritation of mucous membrane Irritation of the conjunctiva Edema of eyelids Headache

5. Types of rhinitis : Vasomotor rhinitis Allergic Rhinitis medicamentosa Rhinitis sicca Hypertrophic rhinitis Polypous rhinitis

6. a) Vasomotor rhinitis : Vasomotor rhinitis It is type of non-inflammatory, non-allergic rhinitis is called vasomotor rhinitis. these non-allergic triggers cause dilation of the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, which results in swelling, and drainage. b) Allergic : Allergic rhinitis or fever is result of an allergen such as pollen or dust is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system, When the mast cells are stimulated by pollen and dust, histamine (and other chemicals) are released. This causes itching, swelling, and mucus production. Characteristic physical findings in individuals who have allergic rhinitis include conjunctival swelling and erythema , eyelid swelling, lower eyelid venous stasis, lateral crease on the nose, swollen nasal turbinates , and middle ear effusion.

7. c) Rhinitis medicamentosa : It is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants ( e.g. , oxymetazoline , phenylephrine , xylometazoline , and naphazoline nasal sprays ) that work by dilating blood vessels in the lining of the nose. d) Rhinitis sicca : Chronic form of dryness of the mucous membranes. E) Hypertrophic rhinitis Chronic rhinitis with permanent thickening of the mucous membrane. f) Polypous rhinitis Chronic rhinitis associated with polyps in the nasal cavity.

8. Medical Management: It include: Supplemental Humidification. Decongestants to reduce the edema of the nasal mucosa. Increased fluids to prevent dehydration. Analgesics to relieve the generalized myalgia. Antibiotic are given to prevent secondary infection to bacteria. If rhinitis is allergic it is treated with antihistamines & steroids.

9. NURSING MANAGEMENT Avoid or reduce exposure to allergen and irritants(dust, moulds, fumes, powder, spray) Steam inhalation and medicine use. Blow the nose before applying medication into the nasal cavity. Hand hygiene for prevention of cross infection in infectious rhinitis. Proper disposal of patient’s fomites and utensils.