Rice genome sequencing by utkarsh

Rice genome sequencing by utkarsh

1. RICE GENOME SEQUENCING Submitted To :- Prof. Dr. Rajesh Singh Submitted By :- Utkarsh Jamindar ID – 14169 B.Sc.(Ag) Part - I

2. Rice-An Introduction Rice Scientific Name: Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice) Number of Chromosomes=12 Genome Size=420 Mb( Megabase ) Subspecies= Japonica or Sinica , Indica , Javanica (now known as tropical japonica ) P endulous inflorescence E dible part: Grain (caryopsis)

3. Rice-An Introduction As of 2009 world food consumption of rice was 531.6 million metric tons of paddy equivalent (354,603 of milled equivalent), while the far largest consumers were China consuming 156.3 million metric tons of paddy equivalent (29.4% of the world consumption) and India consuming 123.5 million metric tons of paddy equivalent (23.3% of the world consumption).

4. Genome Sequencing A genome is all of a living thing's genetic material. It is the entire set of hereditary instructions for building, running, and maintaining an organism, and passing life on to the next generation. In most living things, the genome is made of a chemical called DNA. The genome contains genes, which are packaged in chromosomes and affect specific characteristics of the organism. Genome sequencing is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases, in a genome—the order of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism's DNA.

5. Rice Genome Sequencing The International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) began in September 1997, at a workshop held in conjunction with the International Symposium on Plant Molecular Biology in Singapore. Scientists from many nations attended the workshop and agreed to an international collaboration to sequence the rice genome. As a result, representatives from Japan, Korea, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States met six months later in Tsukuba to establish the guidelines. The participants agreed to share materials and to the timely release of physical maps and annotated DNA se- quence to public databases. The IRGSP has evolved to include 11 nations, and the IRGSP Working Group, composed of a representative from each participating nation, formulates IRGSP policies and finishing standards.

6. Rice Sequencing Participants and Chromosome Assignments Site Chromosome Rice Genome Research Program (RGP; Japan) 1,6,7,8 Korea Rice Genome Research Program (Korea) 1 CCW (United States) CUGI (Clemson University) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Washington University Genome Sequencing Center 3,10 TIGR (United States) 3,10 PGIR (United States) 10 University of Wisconsin (United States) 11 National Center for Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) 4 Indian Rice Genome Program (University of Delhi) 11 Academia Sinica Plant Genome Center (Taiwan) 5 Genoscope (France) 12 Universidad Federal de Pelotas (Brazil) 12 Kasetsart University (Thailand) 9 McGill University (Canada) 9 John Innes Centre (United Kingdom) 2

7. Findings Genome size of Rice is 420 Mb A total of 37,544 non-transposable-element-related protein-coding sequences were detected, compared with 28,000–29,000 in Arabidopsis, with a lower gene density of one gene per 9.9 kb in rice. A total of 2,859 genes seem to be unique to rice and the other cereals, some of which might differentiate monocot and dicot lineages. Between 0.38 and 0.43% of the nuclear genome contains organellar DNA fragments, representing repeated and ongoing transfer of organellar DNA to the nuclear genome. The transposon content of rice is at least 35% and is populated by representatives from all known transposon superfamilies

8. Application Understanding-plant evolution & the differences between monocots & dicots Improve-efficiency of rice breeding Improve-nutritional value of rice, enhance crop yield by improving seed quality, resistance to pests and diseases & plant hardiness Development of gene-specific markers for marker-assisted breeding of new and improved rice varieties How a plant responds to the environment and which genes control various functions of plant