Rice wild species

crop wild relatives (cwr) are gaining so much importance in plant breeding as they are the sources for so many valuable alleles that are not available in cultivated germplasm. these alleles can be introgressed to cultivated species for crop improvemnt

1. CROP WILD RELATIVES - RICE PREPARED BY, Bhavyasree R K

2. ORYZA GENUS T wo cultivated (2 n = 24, AA ) Oryza sativa O. glaberrima 22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA , BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG , KKLL , and HHJJ genome types

3. Sanchez et al, 2013 The Phylogenic tree

4. Oryza sativa “ Asian rice”

5. Oryza glaberrima “African rice” Tolerance to drought, acidity, Fe toxicity, P deficiency; Resistance to BB, blast, RYMV, African gallmidge , nematodes, weed competitiveness

6. EVOLUTIONARY PATHWAYS OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN CULTIVATED RICES

7. Oryza nivara Resistance to: grassy stunt virus BB

8. Oryza rufipogon Resistance to BB, Blast BPH tungro virus Moderately tolerant to Shb Tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity, increased elongation under deep water; source of CMS and yield enhancing loci

9. Oryza barthii Resistance to GLH BB drought avoidance tolerance to heat and drought

10. Oryza longistaminata Resistance to BB, nematodes Stemborer drought avoidance

11.   Oryza meridionalis Elongation ability drought avoidance tolerance to heat and drought

12. O. glumaepatula Oryza minuta source of CMS tolerance to heat Resistance to BB Blast BPH GLH

13. Oryza alta Oryza brachyantha Resistance to striped stemborer high biomass production Resistance to BB, yellow stemborer leaf folder whorl maggot tolerance to laterite soil

14. Oryza coarctata   Oryza officinalis Tolerance to salinity Resistance to thrips BPH GLH WPH BB, stem rot tolerance to heat

15. Oryza punctata Oryza ridleyi Resistance to BPH, BB zigzag leafhopper tolerance to heat and drought Resistance to Blast BB tungro virus stem borer whorl maggot

16. Figure 1: Undehusked seeds of African Oryza species. (a) Oryza longistaminata (b) Oryza glaberrima 1 (c) Oryza glaberrima 2 (d) Oryza brachyantha (e) Oryza eichingeri (f) Oryza punctata (g) Oryza barthii . Wambugu et al . 2013

17. Species 2 n Genome No. of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . sativa complex O . sativa 24 AA 96,564 Cultigen high yielding O . glaberrima 24 A g A g 1,562 West Africa Cultigen;tolerance to drought,acidity , iron toxicity,P deficiency;resistance to BB,blast , RYMV, African gallmidge,nematodes , weed competitiveness O . nivara 24 AA 1,260 Tropical and subtropical Asia Resistance to grassy stunt virus, BB O . rufipogon 24 AA 858 Tropical and subtropical Asia,tropical Australia Resistance to BB, blast, BPH, tungro virus; moderately tolerant to Shb , tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity, increased elongation under deep water; source of CMS and yield enhancing loci ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

18. Species 2 n Genome No. of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . breviligulata O . barthii 24 A g A g 218 Africa Resistance to GLH, BB; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought O . longistaminata 24 A l A l 203 Africa Resistance to BB, nematodes,stemborer , drought avoidance O . meridionalis 24 A m A m 56 Tropical Australia Elongation ability; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought O . glumaepatula 24 A gp A gp 54 South and Central America Elongation ability; source of CMS; tolerance to heat ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

19. Species 2 n Genome Number of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . officinalis complex O . punctata 24, 48 BB, BBCC 71 Africa Resistance to BPH, BB, zigzag leafhopper; tolerance to heat and drought O . minuta . 48 BBCC 63 Philippines and Papua New Guinea Resistance to BB, blast, BPH,GLH O . officinalis 24 CC 265 Tropical and subtropical Asia tropical Australia Resistance to thrips , BPH, GLH, WPH, BB, stem rot; tolerance to heat O . rhizomatis 24 CC 19 Sri Lanka Drought avoidance, resistance to blast; tolerance to heat ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

20. O . eichingeri 24 CC 30 South Asia and East Africa Resistance to BPH, WBPH, GLH O . latifolia 48 CCDD 40 South and Central America Resistance to BPH, BB, high biomass production O . alta 48 CCDD 6 South and Central America Resistance to striped stemborer;high biomass production O . grandiglumis 48 CCDD 10 South and Central America High biomass production O . australiensis 24 EE 36 Tropical Australia Resistance to BPH, BB, blast; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

21. O . meyeriana complex O . granulata 24 GG 24 South and South Asia Shade tolerance, adaptation to aerobic soil O . meyeriana 24 GG 11 Southeast Asia Shade tolerance; adaptation to aerobic soil O . ridleyi complex O . longiglumis Jansen 48 HHJJ 6 Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea Resistance to blast, BB O . ridleyi Hook . F . 48 HHJJ ­ 15 South Asia Resistance to blast, BB, tungro virus, stem borer, whorl maggot O . brachyantha 24 FF 19 Africa Resistance to BB, yellow stemborer , leaf folder, whorl maggot; tolerance to laterite soil ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

22. Unclassified O . schlechteri 48 KKLL 1 Papua New Guinea Stoloniferous O . coarctata 48 KKLL 1 Asian Coastal Area Tolerance to salinity,stoloniferous Leersia perrieri 24 UNKNOWN 1 Africa –Shade tolerance, stoloniferous ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

23. THANK YOU…..