Rights and Duties of Individual (Political Science)

The presentation shortly explains the rights and duties of individual towards the state and his nation

1. Rights and Duties of Individual

2. Right: Essential Conditions of Social Life without which no person can generally realize his best self. Rights are the common claims of people which every civilized society recognizes as essential for the development of the state. LASKI: Rights are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general, to be himself at his best. T.H. Green: Rights are powers necessary or the fulfilment of man’s vocation as a moral being.

3. Kinds of Rights 1. Natural Rights: Rights that are associated with the human nature and reason. E.g. Right to life, Liberty, Property which are essential fo r them. 2. Moral Rights: Rights which are based on human consciousness and based on morality and justice. (No legal action) 3. Legal Rights: Rights which are recognized and enforced by the state. Rights can be enforced against individuals and also against the government. a. Civil Rights: (Opportunity to each person to lead a civilized society and fulfil basic needs) b. Political Rights: (Rights by virtue of citizens to get a share in the political process and take active part in the politics. c. Economic Rights: (rights which provide economic security to the people and enable to make proper use of his rights (Right to work, adequate wages social security and medical security).

4. Fundamental Rights Part III of the Indian Constitution guarantees 6 fundamental rights and law protects them. Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to Freedom of Religion Cultural and Educational Rights Right to Constitutional R emedies

5. Duty: A duty is an obligation that is anything we are bound to do or omit. IT IS A MORAL OBLIGATION on an individual. Duties are the obligation an individual has to fulfil towards state. Rights and DUTIES are two sides of the same coins: i.e. Right of one is related to the duty of other. Duty of one is the right of other. State guarantees the enjoyment of certain rights to every individual

6. Fundamental Duties: 1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions: Citizens are expected to uphold the Constitution and respect its principles, institutions, and symbols. 2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom: 3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India: 4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so: 5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities:

7. 6. To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women: 7. To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture: 8. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures: 9. To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform: 10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement: 11. To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years:

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