Ripples spreading from an initial bump.pdf

Granite, limestone, marble, and sandstone are examples of kinds of rock. Geologists divide rocks into three large groups: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Lava or magma form igneous rock. Changes in pressure or heat create metamorphic rock. Water and wind create sedimentary rock. (Each rock group includes hundreds of different kinds of rocks.)
Like the world's oldest blog, rock reveals millions of years of events and change. It shares how and when the earth's features, like mountains, oceans, or canyons were shaped. In a way, embedded fossils provide a selfie or picture of the environment at the time the rock was formed. Rock: rockin' the Earth for 4.55 billion years!
This is first stop in dept for some, only stop for others. Look right and left.
Majors, engineers. All are starting from zero or almost zero. And that is
what we assume.You see Abe Lincoln's face. The Grand Canyon. An awesome ancient pyramid. A geologist sees granite, volcanic rock, limestone, and the Earth over millions of years. In other words, rocks.
You can't throw a rock without ... hitting another rock. They're everywhere. Rock creates and shapes the Earth's landscape. It forms our magnificent mountains, shapes the deepest oceans, and safely separates us from the boiling magma beneath our feet! (Okay, technically magma is uber-hot liquid rock. But you don't want to stand on it.)
Water, wind, earthquakes, cold, and heat scour, fracture, move, or melt rock. Rock is continuously being changed, rebuilt, or recycled by the forces of the Earth.
Granite, limestone, marble, and sandstone are examples of kinds of rock. Geologists divide rocks into three large groups: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Lava or magma form igneous rock. Changes in pressure or heat create metamorphic rock. Water and wind create sedimentary rock. (Each rock group includes hundreds of different kinds of rocks.)

1. Sedimentary+Rocks+
12.001+–+17+September+2012+

2. underwater.com.au+
Courtesy of Geological Society of America. Used with permission.
Source: Hagadorn, James W., Robert H. Dott, et al. "Stranded on
a Late Cambrian shoreline: Medusae from Central Wisconsin."
Geology 30, no. 2 (2002): 147-50.
Courtesy of Profberger on wikipedia. License: CC-BY.

3. Cambrian,+
Courtesy of Paul Myrow. Used with permission.
Newfoundland+ P.+Myrow+

4. 30 cm
1 second in movie = 10 minutes real time
Ripples spreading from an initial bump
Light
direction

5. Grotzinger+&+Jordan,+
+Understanding+Earth+
© W. H. Freeman and Company. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

6. Grotzinger+&+Jordan,+
+Understanding+Earth+
© W. H. Freeman and Company. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

7. Grotzinger+&+Jordan,+Understanding+Earth+
© W. H. Freeman and Company. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

8. Grotzinger+&+Jordan,+Understanding+Earth+
© W. H. Freeman and Company. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

9. Grotzinger+&+Jordan,+Understanding+Earth+
© W. H. Freeman and Company. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

10. Brown+et+al.,+2007+
© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

11. bhikku.net+
© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

12. snowballearth.org +
Photograph of dropstone removed due to copyright restrictions. See figure 1.23 on SnowballEarth.org.

13. snowballearth.org +
Photograph of dropstone removed due to copyright restrictions. See figure 4.2 on SnowballEarth.org.

14. snowballearth.org +
Photograph of dropstone removed due to copyright restrictions. See figure 3.6 on SnowballEarth.org.

15. snowballearth.org +
Photograph of giant wave ripples removed due to copyright restrictions. See figure 4.18 on SnowballEarth.org.

16. NASA/JPL/Cornell+
Courtesy of NASA. Images in the public domain.

17. NASA/JPL/Cornell+
Courtesy of NASA. Images in the public domain.

18. Squyres+et+al.,+2004+
Courtesy of NASA. Images in the public domain.
Source: Squyres, Steve W., J. P. Grotzinger, et al. "In Situ Evidence for an Ancient Aqueous
Environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars." Science 306, no. 5702 (2004): 1709-14.

19. NASA/JPL/Cornell+
Courtesy of NASA. Images in the public domain.

20. © Society for Sedimentary Geology. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our
Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.
Bernard+et+al.,+SEPM,+1999+

21. Squyres+et+al.,+2004+
Courtesy of NASA. Images in the public domain.

22. Squyres+et+al.,+2004+
Courtesy of NASA. Images in the public domain.

23. MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu
12.001 Introduction to Geology
Fall 2013
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.