RISK FACTORS - DISASTER READINESS (DRRR)

A risk factor encompasses a multifaceted array of variables, circumstances, or behaviors, intrinsic or external, tangible or abstract, which collectively predispose individuals, entities, or systems to an augmented likelihood or vulnerability towards encountering adverse events, setbacks, or undesirable outcomes, traversing a broad spectrum of domains such as health, finance, environment, social interactions, and beyond, profoundly influencing decision-making processes, strategic planning, and risk mitigation strategies.

1. RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING DISASTERS DON BOSCO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF VICTORIAS INC. VICMICO , Victorias City, 6119 Negros Occidental, Philippines Senior High School Department | School Year 2022–2023 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics 11 Chapter 1: Basic Concept of Disaster & Disaster Risks Prepared by: Lord William B. Pacurib

2. COMPETENCY: Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters ; ( DRR11/12-Ia-b-2) Identify the risk factors underlying disasters and describe each of them. Utilize the gained knowledge in real life situations to avoid harm and assure safety A ppreciate the importance of understanding the risk factors underlying disasters to mitigate the effects of disaster and practice mitigation measures as early as necessary . OBJECTIVES Risk Underlying Disasters     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

3. Refrain from talking if the teacher is having his lecture. Talk only if you are called. Quietly remain on your seats while the class is ongoing (do not roam around the room). Render appropriate courtesy towards the teacher. Standard handbook rules apply. Violation of aforementioned rules will be reflected on the violator’s diary. RULES     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

4. INTRODUCTION     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Disaster can affect everyone. It does not discriminate between and among social classes, gender, creed, race, and nationality. But certain risk factors put those affected in a position where they will have graver or longer-lasting post-disaster stress reactions. These aggravating factors contribute to evident differences in the stress reactions of certain individuals with certain characteristics.

5. Disaster risk has three important elements. Exposure Hazard Vulnerability LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

6. Exposure are the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

7. Hazards are potentially dangerous physical occurrences, phenomenon or human activities that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

8. Vulnerability is the condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

9. Reduction of the level of vulnerability and exposure is possible by keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards. We can not avoid natural events from occurring, but we can concentrate on addressing the reduction of risk and exposure by determining the factors causing disasters. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

10. Risk factors are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE

11. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Severity of exposure measures those who experience disaster firsthand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.

12. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Gender and family: The female sex suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.

13. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Age: Adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters. But in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.

14. LESSON PROPER A. Risk Factors     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Economic status of country: Evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines. Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-caused disasters in developed countries.

15. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.

16. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Environmental degradation, driven by factors like deforestation and overconsumption of natural resources, is a dual-sided catalyst for disasters, influencing hazard frequency and intensity, exacerbating vulnerability to events like landslides and storm surges, and compromising the environment's ability to provide crucial services, thereby creating a feedback loop of increased disaster risk and environmental decline.

17. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Globalized economic development intensifies global wealth disparity, with heightened exposure of assets in hazard-prone areas; however, effective risk-sensitive strategies, including investing in protective infrastructure and upgrading settlements, offer an opportunity to enhance resilience.

18. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Poverty and inequality exacerbates vulnerability to disasters, as impoverished individuals residing in hazard-prone areas lack resources for risk reduction, face difficulties accessing insurance and social protection, and often spiral further into poverty due to the financial strain of disaster losses, making poverty both a cause and consequence of disaster risk.

19. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Rapid and poorly planned urban development in hazard-exposed countries poses risks due to the concentration of people, poverty, and disaster vulnerability, while also presenting opportunities for resilient investment.

20. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE In areas of weak governance, characterized by the inability or unwillingness of public sector actors to fulfill their roles, disaster risk is concentrated, particularly in lower-income countries, and disaster risk governance involves specific societal arrangements for managing risk within a broader context of overall risk governance.

21. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE The Philippines, situated in a geographically precarious position, faces heightened vulnerability to natural disasters, including storms, flooding, mudslides, typhoons, tsunamis from offshore trenches like the Manila Trench, and seismic activity along the Ring of Fire.

22. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE Certain factors related to a survivor’s background and recovery is hampered if survivors: were not functioning well before the disaster; have no experience dealing with disasters; must deal with other stressors after the disaster; have low self-esteem; feel uncared for by others; think they exercise little control over what happens to them; and unable to manage stress.

23. LESSON PROPER B. Factors Which Underlie Disaster     DREAM | BUILD | TRANSFORM | INNOVATE More factors contributory to worse outcomes: death of someone close; i njury to self or family member; life threat; panic , horror, or similar feelings; separation from family; massive loss of property; and displacement