Riveting

RIVETING
WHAT IS A RIVET?
PARTS OF RIVETS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
INSTALLATION
TYPES OF RIVETING
TYPES OF RIVETING JOINTS
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
FAILURES

1. RIVETING SUBMITTED BY – SUCHETAN SHARMA ANSH AGARWAL NAVEEN SHARMA MOHD. HAMZA AZHAR AHMAD ALTAF AHMAD AMAN RAJ KRISHNA

2. WHAT IS A RIVET? A RIVET IS A PERMANENT MECHANICAL FASTENER. BEFORE BEING INSTALLED, A RIVET CONSISTS OF A SMOOTH CYLINDRICAL SHAFT WITH A HEAD ON ONE END. RIVETS ARE STURDY, EFFECTIVE AND A PERMANENT FASTENER OPTION FOR A BROAD RANGE OF APPLICATIONS.

3. PARTS OF RIVETS RIVET HEAD: THE HEAD HAS A GREATER DIAMETER THAN THE HOLE THE RIVET IS INSERTED INTO, TO ACT AS A FASTENER ON ONE SIDE OF THE MATERIAL BEING RIVETED.  RIVET PIN: THE PIN SLOTS THROUGH THE CORRESPONDING HOLES IN THE TWO PIECES OF MATERIAL THAT ARE BEING RIVETED TOGETHER. RIVET END: THE RIVET END EVENTUALLY BECOMES ANOTHER RIVET HEAD WHEN IT IS EXPANDED USING FORCE. THE RIVET END WILL BE HIT WITH A HAMMER OR SHAPED INTO A HEAD USING A RIVET SNAP. RIVET TAIL RIVET SHANK RIVET HEAD

4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS SMALL SCALE RIVETS ARE MANUFACTURED BY USING METAL WIRES. THE WIRE AFTER HAVING BEEN CUT IN THE DESIRED LENGTH IS THEN PUNCHED INTO A DIE TWICE TO FORM A RIVET STEM. THE FORMED RIVET STEM IS THEN ROTATED BETWEEN SHARP EDGED ROLLING DIE TO FORM GROOVES IN IT. THE NEXT MACHINE CREATES THE RIVET BODY BY CUTTING IT TO CORRECT LENGTH AND FORCES IT TO DIES.IT TAKES 5 PUNCHES TO TRANSFORM SOLID WIRE INTO HOLLOW RIVET BODY. AFTER WASHING THE STEM FOR OILY RESIDUES, THE STEMS ARE PUT INTO A FURNACE AND COOLED TO REMOVE INTERNAL STRESSES AND ENHANCE STRENGTH.

5. MANUFACTURING PROCESS AFTER ANNEALING, THE STEEL RIVET STEM IS PLATED WITH A NON RUSTING MATERIAL. RIVET BODIES ARE THEN BROUGHT THROUGH A THIN CHANNEL THAT CAN BE CHANGED IN DIAMETER, THIS IS DONE SO AS TO SEPARATE THE RIVETS WHICH HAVE AN ERROR IN LENGTH, THE PERFECTLY SIZED RIVETS ARE CAUGHT BY A MAGNET LOADER. THE RIVET STEMS ARE THEN LOADED INTO A CAROUSEL WHICH PAUSES BRIEFLY TO INSERT A RIVET STEM IN THE RIVET BODY THUS COMPLETING THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING. VIDEO LINK – MANUFACTURING PROCESS

6. INSTALLATION – 1 . AIR HAMMER METHOD – STEP 1 -MARK RIVET HOLES STEP 2 - DRILL RIVET HOLES STEP 3 – INSERT RIVETS INTO HOLE STEP 4 – USE AIR HAMMER MARK HOLES WHERE THE RIVETS SHOULD GO ,THEY SHOULD BE SPACED EVERY COUPLE OF INCHES FOR THE BEST HOLDING POWER RIVET HOLES ARE DRILLED , THE DIAMETER OF HOLES ARE MADE BIGGER THAN THE SIZE OF RIVETS ONCE HOLES ARE DRILLED ,BEGAN TO INSERT THE RIVETS ONE PERSON IS NEEDED TO HOLD THE BUCKING BAR AT END OF SOLID REVIT TO EASILY HAMMER IT ONTO THE FLAT SURFACE

7. STEP 1 - CLAMPING MATERIAL CLAMP THE PIECES OF MATERIAL TOGETHER, MAKING SURE THE THEY ARE IN LINE WITH EACH OTHER, WITH NO GAPS STEP 2 - DRILLING MATERIAL ONCE THE MATERIAL IS CLAMPED AND IN PLACE, USING THE RIGHT SIZED DRILL BIT, DRILL THROUGH THE MATERIAL TO PRODUCE A HOLE FOR THE RIVET TO SLOT THROUGH STEP 3 - PLACING RIVET PLACE THE PIN OF THE RIVET THROUGH THE DRILLED HOLE SO THE HEAD AND MANDREL ARE UPPERMOST STEP 4 - PLACING RIVETER PUSH THE NOZZLE OF  THE RIVETER ONTO THE MANDREL OF THE RIVET STEP 5 - USING RIVET GUN SQUEEZE THE HANDLES OF THE RIVETER TOGETHER. THIS WILL PULL THE HEAD OF THE MANDREL INTO THE RIVET, CAUSING THE END OF THE RIVET TO EXPAND 2. RIVET GUN METHOD

8. 3.HYDRAULIC REVATING STEP 1 – DRILLING THE STEEL SECTION IS PIERCED BY A DRILL MACHINE TO CREATE HOLES AT A DEFINITE DISTANCE STEP 2- HEATING OF RIVET THE RIVET IS HEATED UPTO A TEMPERATURE OF 800- 900 ° C AND THEN IS PLACED IN THE PIERCED HOLE STEP 3 – USE OF HYDRAULICS THE RIVET IS PRESSED ON BOTH ENDS BY HYDRAULIC MACHINE WITH A HEMISPHERICAL HOLLOW WEDGE ON BOTH ENDS DUE TO WHICH THE RIVET IS FIXED ON BOTH ENDS

9. HYDRAULIC RIVETING PROCESS - VIDEO LINK – HYDRAULIC RIVETING

10. TYPES OF RIVETING BLIND RIVET SOLID RIVET TUBULAR RIVET DRIVE RIVET SPLIT RIVET SHOULDER RIVET SPLIT RIVET DRIVE RIVET TUBULAR RIVET SOLID RIVET BELT RIVET

11. SOLID :- ONE OF THE OLDEST RIVET AROUND, THE CLASSIC SOLID RIVET , IT IS INCREDIBLY STRONG. IT CONSIST OF MOST TAMPER PROOF AND VIBRANT RESISTANT FASTNER AVAILABLE. BLIND :- IDEAL FOR PROJECT WHERE ACCESS TO THE JOINT IS LIMITED ALSO AVAILABLE IN STANDARD , STRUCTURAL AND CLOSED END. SHOULDER :- SHOULDER RIVETS QUICKLY AND INEXPENSIVELY JOIN WORK-PIECE MATERIALS TOGETHER WHILE PERMITTING ROTATION OF THE RIVETED WORK-PIECE.

12. TUBULAR :- THESE ARE SIMILAR TO SOLID RIVET BUT CONTAIN A HOLE AT THE END OF RIVET OPPOSITE THE HEAD , IT ALSO REQUIRES LESS FORCE FOR APPLICATION AND ASSEMBLY. SPLIT :- IT IS IDEAL FOR PIERCING THROUGHT SOFT MATERIAL SUCH AS MOST WOOD, LEATHER AND PLASTIC. DRIVE :- IT IS A TYPE OF BLIND RIVET WITH A SHORT MANDREL THAT PROTUDES FROM THE HEAD. ONCE THE DRIVE RIVET IS INSERTED INTO A HOLE THE MANDRELIS DRIVEN WITH A HAMMER OR OTHER IMPLIMENT TO FLARE OUT THE END OF THE RIVET I.E. INSIDE THE HOLE. * MATERIALS- ALUMINIUM , IRON, STEEL, BRASS, COPPER & IRON.

13. RIVETING EXAMPLE :- TUBULAR RIVET USED IN AIRCRAFTS DRIVE RIVET USED IN UTENSILS SOLID RIVET USED IN BRIDGES TUBULAR RIVET USED IN JEANS POCKET BLIND RIVET USED IN BIKE / CYCLECHAIN

14. TYPES OF RIVET JOINTS SINGLE RIVET LAP JOINT DOUBLE RIVET LAP JOINT SINGLE – STRAP BUTT JOINT DOUBLE STRIAP BUTT JOINT

15. TYPE OF LAP JOINT SINGLE RIVET LAP JOINT :- THIS IS THE SIMPLEST OF ALL RIVETED JOINTS AND IS WIDELY USED FOR JOINING BOTH THICK AND THIN PLATES. THEN A SINGLE ROW OF RIVETS, CONVENIENTLY SPACED ALONG THE MIDDLE OF THE LAP, COMPLETES THE JOINT . DOUBLE RIVET LAP JOINT :- A LAP JOINT WITH TWO ROWS OF RIVETS IS KNOWN AS A DOUBLE RIVETED LAP JOINT . THIS TYPE OF JOINT MAY HAVE THE TWO ROWS OF RIVETS ARRANGED IN A SQUARE FORMATION. THIS IS KNOWN AS CHAIN RIVETING. IF THE RIVETS ARE ARRANGED DIAGONALLY TO FORM TRIANGLES, THIS IS CALLED ZIG – ZAG RIVETING .

16. TYPE OF BUTT JOINT SINGLE – STRAP BUTT JOINT :-IN THIS JOINTS, THERE IS ONLY ONE COVER PLATE USED SO IT IS KNOWN AS SINGLE STRAP BUTT JOINT. DOUBLE STRIAP BUTT JOINT :- IN THIS JOINT COVER PLATES ARE USED BOTH SIDE OF THE WORK PIECE, SO IT IS KNOWN AS DOUBLE STRAPS BUTT JOINT. DOUBLE, TRIPLE OR QUADRUPLE RIVETED: IN WHICH CASE THE CHAIN OR ZIG-ZAG FORMATION MAY BE EMPLOYED.

17. APPLICATION RIVETING IS WIDELY USED IN CONDITION WHERE LIGHT WEIGHT AND HIGH STRENGTH ARE CRITICAL. SUCH AS IN AIRCRAFT IN TOWER-TYPE BUILDINGS IN HULL OF SHIPS. IN TRAIN ENGINE BODIES TRAIN ENGINE FRONT SIDE RIVETING USED IN EIFFEL TOWER RIVETING IN AIRCRAFTS

18. APPLICATION RIVETS ARE USED IN SMALL SCALE CONDITIONS ALSO BASED ON THE SAME PRINCIPLE. IT’S SMALL SCALE USAGE IS IN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS GENERALLY- IN JEAN’S POCKETS IN BUCKETS IN DOOR HANDLES. IN ALL THE ABOVE CASES STRENGTH IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE WHILE KEEPING THE MATERIAL PART LIGHTWEIGHT WHICH HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BY THE APPLICATION OF RIVETS. RIVETING IN JEANS-POCKET REVIT USED IN BUCKET RIVET USED IN DOOR HANDLE

19. ADVANTAGES OF RIVETING COST IS CHEAPER THAN MOST THREADED FASTENERS. LITTLE TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR IT’S USE. IT HELPS IN JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS. IT IS AESTHETICALLY PLEASING. IT COMES IN A VARIETY OF SHAPES. IT HAS LOW MAINTENANCE COST. RIVETS HAVE A HIGH LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY. PLASTICS CAN ALSO BE JOINED. IT IS LEAK PROOF .

20. PREVENTION FOR DEFECTS IN RIVETED JOINTS USE THE CORRECT ALLOWANCE FOR EDGE CLEARANCE WHEN MARKING OUT. ALL DRILLED OR PUNCHED HOLES SHOULD BE MADE TO THE CORRECT CLEARANCE SIZE TO SUIT THE RIVET DIAMETER OR AS SPECIFIED ON THE DRAWING. REMOVE ANY ‘BURRS' FROM AROUND THE EDGES OF ALL HOLES BEFORE FINALLY ASSEMBLING THE PARTS TO BE JOINED. ENSURE THAT HOLES ARE CORRECTLY ALIGNED AND MATCHED BEFORE INSERTING THE RIVET. USE THE PROPER TYPE OF RIVET AS SPECIFIED ON THE DRAWING (CORRECT LENGTH AND DIAMETER. WHEN INSERTING RIVETS, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO FORCE OR DRIVE THEM INTO THE HOLE.

21. FAILURES IN RIVETED JOINTS CAUSE: DIAMETER OF RIVET TOO SMALL COMPARED WITH THICKNESS OF PLATE. THE DIAMETER OF THE RIVET MUST BE GREATER THAN THE THICKNESS OF THE PLATE IN WHICH IT IS TO BE INSERTED. PREVENTION: SELECT THE CORRECT DIAMETER RIVET FOR THE THICKNESS OF THE PLATE. CAUSE: DIAMETER OF RIVET TOO LARGE COMPARED WITH THICKNESS OF PLATE. THE RIVETS WHEN DRIVEN TEND TO BULGE AND CRUSH THE METAL IN FRONT OF THEM. PREVENTION: SELECT THE CORRECT DIAMETER RIVET FOR THE THICKNESS OF THE METAL PLATE.

22. FAILURES IN RIVETED JOINTS CAUSE : RIVET HOLES PUNCHED OR DRILLED TOO NEAR EDGE OF PLATE. METAL IS LIKELY TO FAIL BY SPLITTING IN FRONT OF THE RIVETS. PREVENTION : DRILL OR PUNCH THE RIVET HOLES AT THE CORRECT EDGE DISTANCE AND USE THE CORRECT LAP ALLOWANCE FOR THE DIAMETER OF RIVET SELECTED. CAUSE : PLATES WEAKENED BY RIVET HOLES BEING TOO CLOSE TOGETHER. PLATES TEND TO RUPTURE ALONG THE CENTER LINE OF THE RIVETS. PREVENTION : PUNCH OR DRILL RIVET HOLES AT THE CORRECT SPACING OR 'PATCH'. IN ADDITION REMOVE ALL BURRS FROM THE HOLES BEFORE FINAL ASSEMBLY.

23. THANK YOU