road construction

about road construction

1. Road construction Prepared by : Ayub Uthma Rebwar Anwar Eman Najat Choveen M ahmmod Soran university Department civil engineering Second stage supervisor : M.Anwar Jabar

2. Outline Introduction Short history of road What is road? Types of road ( Indian classification ) Main types of road Our project Natural ground Data elevation Profile Design line Section Site preparation Machinery used in site preparation layer of our road(sub-grade , sub-base… etc ) Types of pavements Camber, ditch , platform. Machinery used in road construction Cost of road Why we choose this type bituminous ? Conclusion References

3. introduction Development of a country depend on connectivity of various places with adequate road network . Location : Delezean road Length: 340 m Width : 7 m Type of road: Bituminous

4. History of road History of road construction can be divided into three ages: 1-ancient times 2-age of ancient roman 3-the period after the roman Starts 5000 years ago since the beginning custom of wheels for horse and cattle Human constructed road for Walk And know the way to go.

5. Roads are defined as routes or paths that begin at destination and lead to another. What is road?

6. Main types of road Earth road (soil). Water bound road macadam(WBM )(gravel road) Bituminous or blacktop road. Cement concrete road. 1 2 4 3

7. Types of road ( Indian classification ) National highways (NH). State highways(SH). Major district road (MDR). Other district road (ODR). Village road(VR).

8. Nature ground Our nature ground is earth road

9. Nature ground

10. Data of levelling

11. sections

12. Site preparation Before construction begins , the construction site must be carefully prepared , this includes preparing the grade or road base , sub grade and sub base. First The site graded to cut high points and low areas to desired roadway profile elevation. Generally , cut materials can be used as embankment fill. A course materials is placed on the sub-grade to provide drainage and stability

13. Sub-grade: Layers Sub-grade is commonly compacted before the construction of a road , pavement or railway truck , and sometimes Stabilized by the addition of asphalt , lime… , the sub-grade is the foundation of pavement on which the sub-base is laid Preparation of the sub-grade for construction usually involves digging , in order to remove surface vegetation , topsoil.

14. Sub-base: The sub-base generally consist of lower quality materials than the base course but better than the sub-grade soils. A sub-base course is not always needed or used(optional). Advantage of sub-base: 1-minimize the intrusion fines from sub-grade into the pavement structure 2-improves drainage. 3-minimize frost action damage. 4-provide a working platform for construction.

15. Base course : The Base course is immediately beneath the surface course , and it provides additional load distribution , contributes To drainage and frost resistance. The main load-bearing(load spreading). Base course are usually constructed out of : Aggregate : base courses are most typically constructed from durable aggregate that will not be damaged By moisture or frost action .

16. Machinery used in site preparation Loader :to cutting or filling. Grader:to cut and fill small rate and make straight. truck: transport soil and course material. Compactor: uses for compaction layers. Tank : uses for water distributors.

17. Types of pavements: 1- flexible pavement 2-rigid pavement 1-Flexible pavement: bitumen has been widely used in construction of flexible pavement for long time , this is most convenient and simple type of construction. 2-rigid pavement :though costly in initial investment , are cheap in long run because of low maintenance costs.

18. For our project we choose asphalt road After site preparation: Wearing course(surface course): is the top layer of the road pavement (bituminous). What is bituminous? Is a road constructed by using bitumen . It is also called flexible pavement Because it change its shape according to nature of load. Bitumen: bitumen , is a sticky  black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. 

19. the advantages of asphalt 1-Asphalt is safe 2- smooth and durable 3- Asphalt is fast to construct and maintain 4- Asphalt is the green pavement 5- It is up to 100% reusable resp recyclable 6- Further more its flexibility and new technologies are making asphalt the only sustainable pavement choice.  We choose ASPHALT(bituminous) because:

20. Comfortable: Asphalt will consistently give the driving public the smooth, quiet ride they have come to expect from this product. Asphalt is a flexible pavement built in multiple layers with a continuous flow of material moving through the asphalt paver. We choose ASPHALT(bituminous) because: more information Asphalt is safe : New asphalt technology ensures rapid dispersal and drainage of surface water, reducing water spray and therefore, improving visibility for the driver in wet conditions. The porous asphalt materials dramatically reduce blinding spray, and by dispersing surface water they also reduce the risk of aquaplaning and increase the visibility of road markings.  Flexible : Asphalt surfaces can be ‘tailor-made’ – appropriately formulated and designed to support the traffic load and climatic conditions of a specific road. There are special asphalt mix solutions for motorways, urban, suburban and rural roads and its flexibility is particularly useful in coping with the stresses of large traffic loads on bridges Enlivenment friendly : Research clearly shows that recycling asphalt lowers energy costs and CO2 emissions significantly. This combined with low costs makes recycling an environmentally, economically and industrially important goal. Producing reused asphalt is a clean and safe process. The industry has in use machinery that does not harm the environment and the immediate surroundings. Asphalt is up to 100% Reusable : Asphalt is one of the most recycled construction product in Europe. It makes asphalt pavements sustainable. Less new bitumen is needed to make new asphalt pavements and million tons of new aggregate can be saved.It is even possible to create a pavement from almost 100% reclaimed asphalt.

21. Camber Camber: a slight downward curve from the middle to the sides of a surface. The percentage of camber in my road %2 (the different between middle to sides (7 cm). Advantage of camber : 1-surface protection especially for gravel and bituminous roads. 2-sub-grade protection proper drainage . 3-quick drying of pavement which in turn increased safety.

22. Kerb stone A line of stone or concrete forming an edge between a pavement and a roadway . So that the pavement some should be laid vertical , some horizontal. Common kerb length 75cm,height 25cm, bottom width 15cm, to width 10cm

23. Shoulder , platform and Ditch It is the side of road , Sometimes it is paved , sometimes it is gravel. Space between roadway and ditch.(no need for my project) In indian min width 1.5m max width 4.5m Ditch : channel that carries away water. Platform : horizontal(slop)surface raised above surrounding ground.

24. Machinery used in road construction Truck : transport hot mix asphalt. Vibratory steel drum compactor : vibratory roller uses for compaction Asphalt . Paver : a paver is a machine used to lay asphalt on Roadways , its normally fed by a dump truck which brings hot asphalt

25. END DESIGN ROAD BY Rebwar Anwar\ pro.sketchup \v-ray2016

26. Cost for our project site preparation NO things Working Time price Total price for each total Site preparation (before straight the ground we cutting 40 cm ). Then we filling 10 cm sub-base and 20 cm base course. Loader Grader Tank Compactor Truck (cutting) Truck (filling) 4 days 2 day 3 times 4 days each time Each time 150000 for each day. 180000 For each day. 30000 For each time. 160000 for each day. 12500 for each time. 50000 for each time bring crush stone. 600000 360000 90000 640000 1000000 2700000 5390000

27. Road construction no Price total Kerb stone 910 kerb stone 5000 for each kerb stone 4550000 Asphalt 2380 m2 23000 For each m2 54740000 Platform and ditch 680 m2 platform 34 m3 680 m2 ditch 21 m3 60000 For each 1 m3 3300000 Total price : 67980000

28. Conclusion We defined what is road . Categories of road. Our natural ground in Delzean road. Profile elevation road. Site preparation (cutting and filling) earth work and the layers. The machines that uses in road construction. Bituminous road and advantage. Why we decide to choose Bituminous ?.

29. References 1-slideshare/road construction. 2-google/photo/Road construction icons/sub-base/sub-grade….. 3-http://www.eapa.org/promo.php?c=171#SUSTAINABLE

30. Any questions ?