Road Safety Audit at a Construction Stage

Road Safety Audit at Construction

1. Construction Stage Road Safety
Audit

2. Construction Stage Road Safety Audit - Check List

3. Construction Stage Road Safety Audit - Check List

4. Construction Stage Road Safety Audit - Check List

5. Contents of Presentation
A- SAFETY AT CONSTRCUTION STAGE
•Introduction
•Guiding Principles
•Traffic Control Zone
•Traffic Control Devices
•Basic and Typical Layouts of Control Zones
•Safety Audit of Construction Zone

6. Road Safety Audit at Construction Stage
Introduction
Need for Safety at Work Zone
•Construction is Always done in stages
•Multiple Activities at construction site
•Coordination of Activities is must
•Efficiency and Safety requirement to be
maximized
•Environmental Consideration

7. Safety Issues at Construction Sites
Road construction and
maintenance work is
hazardous for site operatives
and the road user
In urban areas, Footways
(sidewalks) are used to store
materials, forcing
pedestrians into the traffic
stream

8. Safety Issues at Construction Sites
Contd.
Narrow traffic lanes are
created which create
problems for cyclists, motor
cyclists and NMT traffic as
vehicle streams are forced
closer together
In urban areas, buffer zones
to the working zone are
reduced to zero placing the
work force at great risk.
Many accidents in
construction zones take place
due to increased strain on the
driver.

9. Guiding Principles
Warn the road user clearly
and sufficiently far in
advance,
Provide safe and clearly
marked lanes for guiding
road users,
Provide safe and clearly
marked buffer and work
zones and
Provide suitable measures
that control driver behaviour
through construction zones.

10. Requirements of an Ideal Construction Zone
Uniform Traffic Control methods and devices and
segregation of activities
Maintenance of sign and devices

Regular Inspection for compliance
Night Time Requirements
Traffic Control Zone

11. Safety and Efficient Movement of traffic
Safe and Efficient Execution of Activities
Safe and Rapid Progress of Work
Safety of Construction Equipment and
Workers
Benefits of Safe Construction Zone

12. Components of the Traffic
Control Zone
The Traffic Control Zone can
be divided into:
Advance Warning Zone
Approach Transition Zone
Working Zone and
Terminal Transition Zone.

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Terminal Transition
Zone
Working Zone
Approach Transition
Zone
Advance Warning Zone

13. Recommended Length of
Traffic Control Zones
Average
Approach
Speed
(km/h)
Length of
Advance
Warning Zone
(m)
Length of
Approach
Transition
Zone
(m)
Length of
Working Zone
(m)
50 or less 100 50
Varies
51-80 100-300 50-100
81-100 300-500 100-200
Over 100 1000 200-300

14. Traffic Control Devices
Road Signs
Traffic Cones
Drums



Barricades
Metal Rod with
Reflector
Flagman

15. Main Signs Used for Work Zones
(Regulatory)

16. Main Signs Used for Work Zones
(Regulatory) Contd.

17. Main Signs Used for Work Zones
(Information)

18. Main Signs Used for Work Zones
(Cautionary)

19. Main Signs Used for Work Zones
Advisory Plates)

20. Sequence for Setting Out Signs

21. Use of Traffic Signs During Construction

22. Construction Zone - Basic Layout
A basic layout is influenced by:
Environment: rural, urban.
Type of carriageway such as single-lane, two-lanes, 4-
lanes, multi-lanes, divided-carriageway.
Traffic volume and speed with and without work in
progress on road.
Type of traffic such as mixed or segregated.
Available sight distance in construction zone and
Mobility of work zone, that is, for minor pot-hole
repairs, lane marking etc.
Each construction zone poses a unique problem, thus
the basic layout should be amended to suit local
conditions.

23. Basic Layout
Basic Layout for Signs at a Road Works Site,
Including Work Space and Safety Zone

24. Variations of the Basic Layout
Give and Take System
Priority Signs
Stop/Go Boards or Flags
Portable Traffic Signals

25. Traffic Control by Priority Signs
45°
Safety Zone
Sideways
Clearance
Traffic Control by Priority Signs
End
End
Road
Narrow
Give Way to
Oncoming
Vehicle
Give Way to
Oncoming
Vehicle
Road
Narrow
80 metres
maximum
L
End
Road
Narrow
Priority Over
Oncoming
Vehicle
45°

26. Traffic Control by Stop/Go Boards

27. Typical Layouts:
Work on Construction of Additional Carriageway
Eccentric Widening-Centerline of the
new highway shifted to the right or
left of the existing carriageway
centerline. It has 2 stages of
construction.
First stage new carriageway
constructed and existing used by
traffic.

28. Eccentric Widening
Layout of Signs and Control
Devices for Change in Carriageway
Usage
•Once the new carriageway is
completed, two-way traffic is
diverted onto the new
carriageway and work on new
carriageway is taken up.

29. Work on Construction of Additional
Carriageway
Co-centric Widening
Stages of construction are:
•Where service roads are provided :
Service roads on either side are constructed and
traffic is diverted onto the service roads, one way
each side. Once traffic is diverted, work on existing
carriageway can be taken up.
•Where services roads are not provided:
Single lane width of road is constructed on either
side of existing carriageway. Traffic is diverted one
way on each side, then work on existing carriageway
is taken up.

30. Co-centric Widening
Concentric Widening : Stage I
– Construction of New Lanes
Concentric Widening :
Stage II – Strengthening of
Existing Carriageway and
Median Construction
Concentric Widening :
Stage III - Shifting of
Work Zone

31. Strengthening of 2-lane
Carriageway of State Highways
As diversion of traffic is neither possible nor cost-
effective work is taken up on one half of the
carriageway.
Other half of the carriageway and shoulder is utilized for
the movement of traffic.
Strengthening work is carried out on the other half of
the carriageway.
Once strengthening work is completed traffic is diverted
onto the new pavement along with paved shoulders and
work on the other half of the carriageway is taken up.

32. Sequence of Strengthening and Diversion for 2-lane Carriageway
Strengthening of 2-lane Carriageway
of State Highways

33. Temporary Diversion
Overview
Should have smooth horizontal
and vertical profile with smooth
vertical and horizontal curves.
Should not get overtopped by
flood or drainage discharges
under any conditions.
Should have adequate capacity
to cater to the expected traffic.
Should be dust free and should
ensure clear visibility at all
times of day and night and
Barricading should be provided
to prevent construction material
falling onto the diversion.

34. Temporary Diversion
Layout of Signs for Road Closed with Detour

35. Ensuring Safety of Vulnerable
Road Users
Provision of adequate pedestrian safety
No danger from falling objects or sharp edges and that they
will not fall over or bump into anything.
Pedestrian Barriers
To mark out temporary footway and to protect pedestrians
from traffic, excavations, plant or materials.
Pedestrian Crossings
Avoid confusing pedestrians.
Works on Footways
Alternative safe route for pedestrians must be provided.
Pedestrian access to property must be provided.
Pedestrians should not be diverted onto an unguarded
carriageway.
Guard and sign the approach on a temporary footway.

36. Ensuring Safety of Vulnerable Road Users
Works on Footway with Temporary Footway in Carriageway

37. Planning and Implementation
of Road Works
Overview
Road work plan should be prepared for all types of
construction work.
Safety of the workmen and safe and efficient
passage of traffic should be ensured.
Proper locations and operation of all traffic control
devices should be checked at regular intervals.
If contractor does not implement the road safety
provisions in contract documents, then it should be
implemented by the department and cost may be
recovered from defaulting contractor.

38. Safety of Workmen
Overview
Workmen must be trained in use
of tools and plant.
Gum boots, spectacles, etc. must
be given to persons handling
bitumen.
First-aid training be provided to
all workmen and enough safety
kits should be available at the
site and
Workers required on site during
night hours must be provided
with fluorescent yellow jackets
with reflective tapes.

39. Safety Audit of Work Zone
Overview
Road works sites involve a change of
speed environment, additional conflicts
and confined road space.
To provide safety for works personnel
as well as the travelling public.
To ensure that any connection or
crossing point of works traffic and
public traffic is safe.

40. Safety Audit of Work Zone
Contd.
Safety Issues
Adequacy of advance warning signs and speed limits
The appropriateness of the selected ‘standard’ layout
Conflicts between permanent and temporary
features.
Likelihood of mud or dust obscuring devices.
The appropriateness of traffic barriers and the
correct installation.
Adequate provision for pedestrians.
Conflicts points between works traffic and the
general public.

41. Pre-opening Safety
Audit
OBJECTIVES
To ensure that completed project has addressed
all safety concerns
To check any other hazardous condition which
have been overlooked before
To spot mistakes in sign markings and

42. Audit Method
The audit is conducted with the help of
check lists prepared for the purpose as
given in Safety Manual.
The audit is conducted by a Team of
Independent Auditors

43. Check Lists (General)
It helps observe departure from standards
Drainage
Suitability to climate conditions
Service Apparatus
Access
Safety Barriers and Fences
Bridge Parapets

44. Checklists
(Local Alignment/Junctions)
Visibility
Road Interfaces
Markings
Signals

45. Checklists
(Non-motorised road users)
Adjacent land
Pedestrians
Cyclists
Non Motorized

46. Checklist (Signs and Markings)
Design and Installation
Pavement Markings
Maintenance conditions

47. Typical Observations
End Treatment of W-Beam barriers at culverts
and Bridges
Rigid concrete barrier and W-beam barrier should
be joined evenly at inner face.
Rigid concrete barrier should be provided with
object Hazard Marker (parapet)
End of W-beam barrier to be anchored to ground
as per standard.
Minor road cross major road hazardously may be
converted into staggered intersections.

48. Typical Observations
Wide junction (too wide) may be provided with
ghost islands
School children / villages crossing are not
accommodated in the design
Placement of signs improper / stop signs should
be installed at 2m to 4m from stop line
Provide chevron signs on curve so as to view at
least 2 nos of chevron at given instance of
viewing

49. Typical Observations
Single chevron size of 500mm x 600mm can be
considered for speed upto 100 kmph.
For right hand curve on LCW, chevrons shall be
placed on shoulder and for left hand curve
chevron shall be placed on median.
For right hand curve on RCW, chevron shall be
placed on shoulder and for a left hand curve
chevron shall be placed on median.

50. Thank You