robotics and automation

robotics and automation

1. Robotics and Automation Presented by Deepak Ravi (162509) Dhruv Upadhaya (162510) Submitted to: Dr. (Mrs.) Ritula Thakur

2. Contents Automation Benefits of Automation Disadvantages History of automation Automation tools Types of automation Emerging applications Automation and unemployment Robotics Robot History of robotics Advantages Disadvantages Uses 1

3. Contents Robot v/s Humans Career in Robotics Applications of robotics Basics of Robotics Actuators Relays Motor Driver Microcontroller Sensor Module Chassis and Wheels Programming Conclusion 2

4. Automation Automation or automatic control, is the use of various  control systems  for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Automation is the implementation of a process by automatic means. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination. Automatic. Pertaining to a function, operation , process, or device that, under specified conditions, functions without intervention by a human operator . 3

5. Benefits of automation Increased throughput or productivity. Improved quality or increased predictability of quality. Improved robustness (consistency) of processes. Increased consistency of output. Reduced direct human labour costs and expenses. 4

6. disadvantages Unpredictable/ excessive development cost High initial cost Unemployment 5

7. History of automation 1.MANUAL CONTROL 5.PLC 2.PNEUMATIC CONTROL 3.HARD WIRE LOGIC CONTROL 4.ELECTRONIC CONTROL USING GATES 6

8. automation tools ANN -  Artificial neural network DCS -  Distributed Control System HMI -  Human Machine Interface SCADA -  Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition PLC -  Programmable Logic Controller Instrumentation Motion control Robotics 7

9. Types of automation Fixed automation Programmable automation Flexible automation 9

10. Fixed automation Fixed automation refers to the use of custom-engineered (special purpose) equipment to automate a fixed sequence of processing or assembly operations. This is also called hard automation. The primary drawbacks are the large initial investment in equipment and high production rates and the relative inflexibility. 10

11. Programmable automation In programmable automation, the equipment is designed to accommodate a specific class of product changes and the processing or assembly operations can be changed by modifying the control program For each new batch, the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over to accommodate the new product style. Suited to batch production Period of non-productive time followed by a production run for each new batch.  11

12. Flexible automation Extension of programmable automation. In flexible automation, the equipment is designed to manufacture a variety of products or parts and very little time is spent on changing from one product to another. a flexible manufacturing system can be used to manufacture various combinations of products according to any specified schedule. Customization The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done off-line 12

13. Which to choose??? 13

14. Productivity graph 14

15. Emerging applications Stores Automated Vehicle Surveillance Automated highway systems Home automation Industrial Automation 15

16. Automation and unemployment Some believe that unemployment is rising due to the robotics and automation, people’s brain and strength are needed every time in life. The bosses avoid paying high w age to human instead of automation . Despite people assume that robotics and automation increase the unemployment, human intelligence is on top of all technologies. 16

17. robotics

18. The origin of the word “ robot ” is ’ robota ’ which means hard labor . Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and computer science engineering that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. Robot 17

19. History of robots In 1942 the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov created his Three Laws of Robotics. In 1948 Norbert Wiener formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis of practical robotics. Fully autonomous robots are only appeared in the second half of the 20th century Real robots were only possible in the 1950's and 1960's with the introduction of transistors and Integrated circuits. 18

20. Advantages In Industries,build things like cars,and electronics,home made etc,,. In Nuclear science, Sea-exploration, Servicing of transmission electric signals, Designing of bio-medical equipments etc. Military and agriculture etc..., Robots need no environment comfort. More capabilities 19

21. Disadvantages High cost of Robots. Many techniques have not been developed for automation yet. Robotic System and robots are limited to their functions. Required maintance which is costly capablty in decision making people loss their jobs due to Humanoid robots. Dangers for human beings 20

22. Area of robotics Dirty tasks Repetitive tasks Dangerous tasks Impossible tasks Robots assisting the physically challenged people Space robotics Under water robotics Nuclear Science Biomedical Equipment 21

23. Medical Robot 22

24. Military Robot 23

25. Robotic Aircraft 24

26. Industrial Robots 25

27. Remote control helicopter 26

28. Feature Human Robot Manipulation Arms and Fingers. Legs for locomotion.Muscles are actuators Motors and other forms of actuators Vision Eyes Cameras Smell Nose Research in progress Taste Tounge Research in progress Feel Skin Tactile Sensors Communication Nerves Wires, Fiber optics, radio Thinking capacity Brain Computers and microprocessors Robot v/s humans 27

29. Career in Robotics Robotic Industry is growing at an exponential pace in India. World market for industrial robots is projected to rise by 4.2% per annum Opportunities exist in automating agriculture related activities. India is emerging as one of the top market for robots. 28

30. Basics of Robotics sensor Actuators Relays Motor Driver Microcontrollers Chassis and Wheels Programming Power Communication 30

31. Optical sensor Tactile Sensor Pressure Sensor Gyroscope Sensor Modules 35

32. Geared DC Motor Servo Motor Stepper Motor IC Engine Actuators 31

33. Relay 32

34. Motor Driver Click here to visit -ROBO INDIA 33

35. Microcontrollers Brain of robot Implement your logic on hardware Serves as input and output device Reusable Example- 8051 Family AVR Family Click here to visit -ROBO INDIA 34

36. Chassis & Wheels High Ground clearance Low centre of gravity Appropriate size to weight ratio Appropriate torque motors Appropriate wheels/ track belt Click here to visit -ROBO INDIA 37

37. Programming Software environment Keil | 8051 family AVR Build tool | AVR family Hardware USB Programmer Parallel port Serial port 38

38. communication

39. CONCLUSION Robotics and automation will offer great benefits to humanity in the future. Robotics and automation enables great advantage for people to do works in a short period. Defending the country, creating new machines, operating with robots. Therefore, the technology is developing rapidly and people should benefit from technology’s opportunities. 39

40. POWER

41. THANK YOU 40