Robotics presentation

présentation sur la robotique

1. Robotics Presented by Onesime Seraphin ANON National University of Economics Simon Kuznets Kharkov Ukraine

2. Introduction to Robotics Robots have become a subject of great interest nowadays. In our imagination, a robot is a machine that looks and acts like a human being. Robots are, in fact, defined as man-made mechanical devices that can move by themselves, whose motion must be modeled, planned, sensed, actuated and controlled, and whose motion behaviour can be influenced by “programming”.

3. What Is Robotics...? Robotics is science of designing or building an application of robots. Simply ,Robotics may be defines as “The Study of Robots”. The aim of robotics is to design an efficient robot. Why Is Robotics Needed...? Robotics is needed because : Speed Can work in hazardous/dangerous temperature Can do repetitive tasks Can do work with accuracy

4. History of Robots The acclaimed Czech playwright Karel Capek made the first use of the word ‘robot’, from the Czech word for forced labor or serf. The word 'robotics' was first used in Runaround, a short story published in 1942, by Isaac Asimov. But it was not until 1956 that a real robot came into existence. Isaac Asimov

5. The Three laws of Robotics Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a “zeroth law”. Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction , allow humanity to come to harm First Law : A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law Second Law : A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law .

6. The First Robot After the technology explosion during World War II, in 1956, George C. Devol , Norman Schafler and Joseph F. Engelberger and made a serious and commercial effort to produce a robot. They started a firm named Unimation and succeeded in building the 1 st robot named Unimate . Joseph F. Engelberger is known as the ‘Father of Robotics’

7. The Unimate It was first used in General Motors. It basically to extract die-castings from die casting machines and to perform spot welding on auto bodies, both tasks being particularly hateful jobs for people. A variety of other tasks were also performed by robots, such as loading and unloading machine tools. The Unimate started a revolution in the robotics industry and many robots of its type were built for doing tiresome jobs for people. Robots offer specific benefits to workers and industries. If introduced correctly, industrial robots can improve the quality of life by freeing workers from dirty, boring, dangerous and heavy labor.

8. Robotics Technology Most industrial robots have at least the following five parts: Manipulator or Rover: Main body of robot (Links, Joints, other structural element of the robot) End Effecter: The part that is connected to the last joint hand) of a manipulator. Actuators: Muscles of the manipulators (servomotor, stepper motor, pneumatic and hydraulic cylinder). Sensors: To collect information about the internal state of the robot or To communicate with the outside environment.

9. Controller: Similar to cerebellum. It controls and coordinates the motion of the actuators. Processor: The brain of the robot. It calculates the motions and the velocity of the robot’s joints, etc. Software: Operating system, robotic software and the collection of routines.

10. Types of Robots Mobile robots. Industrial robots Autonomous robots Remote-controlled robots. Virtual robots.

11. Mobile Robots Mobile robots are able to move, usually they perform tasks such as searching. They are of 2 types: Rolling robots- Rolling robots have wheels to move around.  They can quickly and easily search.  However they are only useful in flat areas. Walking robots- Robots on legs are usually brought in when the terrain is rocky. Most robots have at least 4 legs; usually they have 6 or more. 

12. Industrial Robots or stationary robots Most of these robots perform repeating tasks without ever moving. Most robots are working in industries. Especially dull and repeating tasks are suitable for robots.  A robot never grows tired; it will perform its duty day and night without ever complaining. 

13. Autonomous Robots Autonomous robots are self-supporting. They run a program that gives them the opportunity to decide on the action to perform depending on their surroundings.  At times, these robots even learn new behavior.  They start out with a short routine and adapt this routine to be more successful at the task they perform.  The most successful routine will be repeated .

14. Remote-controlled Robots In case a robot needs to perform more complicated yet undetermined tasks an autonomous robot is not the right choice.  Complicated tasks are still best performed by human beings with real brainpower.  A person can guide a robot by remote control.  A person can perform difficult and usually dangerous tasks without being at the spot where the tasks are performed. 

15. Virtual Robots Virtual robots don’t exits in real life.  Virtual robots are just programs, building blocks of software inside a computer.  A virtual robot can simulate a real robot or just perform a repeating task. Search engines use such kind of robots. They search the World Wide Web and send the information to the search engines.

16. EXPLORATION Space Missions Robots in the Antarctic Exploring Volcanoes Underwater Exploration

17. MEDICAL SCIENCE Surgical assistant ASSEMBLY factories Parts handling Assembly Painting Surveillance Security ( bomb disposal,etc ) Home help ( grass cutting , nursing)

18. Advantages Going to far away planets. Going far down into the unknown waters and mines where humans would be crushed Giving us information that humans can't get Working at places 24/7 without any salary and food. Plus they don't get bored They can perform tasks faster than humans and much more consistently and accurately Most of them are automatic so they can go around by themselves without any human interference.

19. Disadvantages People can lose jobs in factories It needs a supply of power It needs maintenance to keep it running . It costs money to make or buy a robot

20. The Future of Robotics To demonstrate advances in research and stimulate scientists, a RoboCup soccer competition is held a few times every year. Recognizing teammates, the goals, the ball is a difficult task for the robots. Thus, it becomes a challenge for them. Thus, constant advances are being made in robotics and robots are bound to revolutionize Humanity

21. In future, co­operation between robots and humans will be diversified, with robots increasing their autonomy and human­-robot collaboration reaching completely new forms. Current approaches and technical standards aiming to protect employees from the risk of working with collaborative robots will have to be revised