Role of Hydrogel in Wound Healing - Copy.pptx

Hydrogels play a crucial role in various biomedical applications due to their unique properties. These water-absorbent polymer networks are highly versatile, finding applications in controlled drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, contact lenses, and diagnostics. Their biocompatibility and responsiveness to environmental changes make hydrogels valuable tools in shaping advancements in healthcare and improving patient outcomes.

1. Role of Hydrogel in Wound Healing Ranajit Chakraborty M.Pharm 1 st year (Pharmaceutics). Department of Pharmaceutical Technology University of North Bengal

2. Introduction Breaking or damaging in the continuity in the skin or tissue by various injuries and cuts called wound.[1] Urgent need for a wound dressing that has the effect of protecting the wound bed and promoting skin regeneration to accelerate wound healing.[2] Wound healing process consists four highly integrated stages, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, & remodeling . [3] 2

3. Introduction H ydrogel is hydrophilic, 3d network of polymer chains that are found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. Hydrogels are highly absorbent (they can contain over 90% water) natural or synthetic polymeric networks. [5] Hydrogels can be formed from solution that involve a polymer reactive and a cross-linkage species which binds the polymer chain together .[6] 3

4. Fabrication of Hydrogel for Wound Healing Polymer Scaffolds of Hydrogel Natural material polysaccharide & proteins are biocompatible & extracted easily. Polysaccharides possess abundant functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl in group as they endow high water retention ability.(Cellulose, Chitosan, Alginate have been extensively explored).[10] Synthetic polymers , such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), are good candidates to provide well-controlled and homogeneous polymers for hydrogels preparation.[10] Crosslinking Mechanism Highly affect the mechanical property of the hydrogels for wound dressing Physical crosslinking includes hydrogen and ionic bonds. Physical crosslinking renders hydrogels self-healing and injectable due to their weak physical interactions.[13] Chemical crosslinking can afford reversible and irreversible hydrogels by applying various types of chemical bonds like Schiff base bond , S-Ag bond, and thiol- ene addition.[13] To control hydrogel degradation rate matching with tissue regeneration process, Segura et al . developed injectable interconnected microporous hydrogel for which the bulk properties can be controlled through tuning the chemical and physical properties of microgel building blocks generated using a microfluidic device.[11] Fabrication Techniques The assembly process of polymers for hydrogel fabrication is an important factor that affects hydrogel functions, which subsequently can influence wound healing outcomes. 4

5. The Ideal properties of Hydrogels for wound healing Fig 4. Schematic representation of various functions of hydrogels for wound healing [14] 5

6. Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing Hydrogels have been fabricated from either natural or synthetic polymers Polysaccharides such as alginate and chitosan have been widely applied as natural polymers to form hydrogels for wound healing applications. Hydrogels have the ability to absorb and retain the wound exudes along with the foreign bodies such a s bacteria. [15] H ydrogels have been found to promote fibroblast proliferation by reducing the fluid loss from the wound surface and protect the wound from external factors for rapid wound healing. [15] Table 1- Commercially available hydrogel wound dressings for chronic wound healing. [13] 6

7. Diabetic wounds Complications of diabetes with high recurrence and amputation rate. Hydrogel provides a promising platform manifested by versatile engineering to endow various biofunctions to promote diabetic wound healing. multidomain peptide (MDP) is a promising material, as it allows rapid cell infiltration. [11] Infected Wounds Antibiotics encapsulation is a straightforward way to prepare antibacterial hydrogels. One concern about antibiotics delivery is the increase in bacterial resistance. Some cations can bind to negatively charged bacterial membranes and subsequently kill bacteria by destroying the membranes. [16] Burn Wounds Hydrogel is beneficial for burn wound to absorb excess exudes and keep a moist microenvironment; The hydrogel was able to speed deep partial thickness burn wound healing and resolve pains during wound dressing changes with glycine.  [11] 7

8. Conclusion Wound management has attracted significant interest in view of the broad demand market. Among the various available dressing materials, hydrogels have drawn increasing attention for their tunable chemical, physical and biological properties. Despite of the recent improvement, more effort should be given on the fabrication of hydrogel through new chemical and physical crosslinking, perhaps combination of both to mimic more of  in vivo  dynamic behavior. Hydrogel can be effective in wound care, but success is depend on the clinician making the correct choice and using it appropriately. It is up to the clinician to develop the knowledge about the dressing action before use. 8

9. Reference [1]. Nagori BP, Solanki R. Role of medicinal plants in wound healing. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant. 2011;5(4):392-405. [2]. Yildirimer L, Thanh NT, Seifalian AM. Skin regeneration scaffolds: a multimodal bottom-up approach. Trends in biotechnology. 2012 Dec 1;30(12):638-48. [3]. Guo SA, DiPietro LA. Factors affecting wound healing. Journal of dental research. 2010 Mar;89(3):219-29. [4]. Xiang J, Shen L, Hong Y. Status and future scope of hydrogels in wound healing: Synthesis, materials and evaluation. European Polymer Journal. 2020 May 5;130:109609. [5]. Rehman WU, Asim M, Hussain S, Khan SA, Khan SB. Hydrogel: A promising material in pharmaceutics. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2020 Dec 1;26(45):5892-908. [6]. Ruel- Gariepy E, Leroux JC. In situ-forming hydrogels—review of temperature-sensitive systems. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2004 Sep 1;58(2):409-26. [7]. Ahmad F, Mushtaq B, Butt FA, Rasheed A, Ahmad S. Preparation and characterization of wool fiber reinforced nonwoven alginate hydrogel for wound dressing. Cellulose. 2021 Aug;28(12):7941-51. [8]. Pan Z, Ye H, Wu D. Recent advances on polymeric hydrogels as wound dressings. APL bioengineering. 2021 Mar 1;5(1):011504. 9

10. Reference [9]. Liang Y, Zhao X, Hu T, Han Y, Guo B. Mussel-inspired, antibacterial, conductive, antioxidant, injectable composite hydrogel wound dressing to promote the regeneration of infected skin. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2019 Nov 15;556:514-28. [10]. Li Z, Lin Z. Recent advances in polysaccharide‐based hydrogels for synthesis and applications. Aggregate. 2021 Apr;2(2):e21. [11]. Fan F, Saha S, Hanjaya -Putra D. Biomimetic hydrogels to promote wound healing. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021 Sep 20;9:718377. [12]. Kamoun EA, Chen X, Eldin MS, Kenawy ER. Crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for wound dressing applications: A review of remarkably blended polymers. Arabian Journal of chemistry. 2015 Jan 1;8(1):1-4. [13]. Cheng T, Zhang YZ, Wang S, Chen YL, Gao SY, Wang F, Lai WY, Huang W. Conductive hydrogel‐based electrodes and electrolytes for stretchable and self‐healable supercapacitors. Advanced Functional Materials. 2021 Jun;31(24):2101303. [14]. Asadi N, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Del Bakhshayesh AR, Akbarzadeh A, Davaran S, Annabi N. Multifunctional hydrogels for wound healing: Special focus on biomacromolecular based hydrogels. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021 Feb 15;170:728-50. [15]. Liu H, Wang C, Li C, Qin Y, Wang Z, Yang F, Li Z, Wang J. A functional chitosan-based hydrogel as a wound dressing and drug delivery system in the treatment of wound healing. RSC advances. 2018;8(14):7533-49. [16]. Hamblin MR, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease?. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 2004;3(5):436-50. 10

11. Thank you 11