Role_of_NGOs_In_Disaster_Management.pptx

Role of NGOs in Disaster Management

1. Role of NGOs In Disaster Management

2. What is a Hazard? A  hazard  is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. A  hazard is also a situation that poses a level of threat to  life, health , property and environment.

3. What is a Disaster ? A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts on vulnerable people.

4. What is D isaster Management? Disaster management  is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. Mitigation  - Minimizing the effects of disaster . Preparedness  - Planning how to respond . Response  - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster . Recovery  - Returning the community to normal.

5. India’s hazard profile Main Hazards : Earthquakes Floods Landslides Drought Cyclone Tsunamis

6. Disaster Management development background in India The Great Famine of 1876-1878 The  Indian Famine Codes , developed by the colonial British in the 1880, is one of the oldest relief codes in the world. The government of West Bengal had published a Manual for relief of distress in the year 1959 . That manual was a significant step forward from the Bengal Famine code, 1913 and the Bengal Famine Manual,1941.

7. Acts And legal framework for Disaster Management A High Powered Committee set up in August 1999. Until 2001, the responsibility of disaster management was with Agriculture Ministry, It was transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002. Disaster Management Act passed in December 2005. The Act entrusts/mandates the State Executive Committees at different levels with the responsibility to advise, assist and coordinate the activities of NGOs engaged in disaster management. The National Policy on DM 2009 mentions that Non-Governmental Organizations will be encouraged to empower the community and generate awareness through their respective institutional mechanisms.

8. What is an NGO? A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or international level. Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political particpation through provision of information .

9. What is an NGO? (cont.) The United Nation’s Charter The definition of international NGO (INGO) is first given in resolution 288 (X) of ECOSOC on February 27, 1950. Disaster management Act, 2005. Registration under Indian laws.

10. Core Values Of NGOs

11. Types of Ngos

12. Role Of NGOs in Disaster Management

13. Role in Disaster preparedness Disaster Preparedness Advocacy/ awareness Assessment/ Analysis Capacity building Co-ordination and partnership Miscellaneous like shelter, water availability, sanitation, conservation, mock drills, etc. Other responsibilities

14. Role in disaster response Disaster Response Early warning and evacuation Search and Rescue Emergency Relief and Humanitarian Assistance Civil Military Coordination Primary Damage and Needs Assessment

15. Role in Recovery Recovery phase Water Sanitation Pulic health promotion Vector control Food security and nutrition Shelter Reconstruction

16. Roles in Disaster Mitigation Disaster Mitigation Participatory & Inclusive Approach in mitigation Mitigation planning (Assessment, Identification, Analysis of Risk and Planning ) Information Dissemination Techno-Legal and Techno-Financial regime

17. Case study 1: Absence of definite framework and Bad General Government Attitude Ignorant Community attitude Role of communities as rescuers Rudimentary Role of NGOs Presence of DM pre-planned Framework and improved Government attitude Better community response Specialized rescue force Enormous role of NGOs 1999 Orissa Super Cyclone The cyclone phalin in 2013

18. Case Study 2: April 2015 Nepal earthquake Government help Role of both local and international NGOs in rescue and relief operations

19. The positive points of NGOs in DM Initial response and as first responders A bility to experiment freely with innovative approaches and, if necessary, to take risks . Ability to recruit both experts and highly motivated staff with fewer restrictions than the government Ability of international NGOs to provide specialized emergency medical care Ability to gather funds from international societies / communities Ability of local NGOs to communicate without language barriers Their knowledge of the local area and community

20. The Negative points of NGOs in DM Political pressure Lack of proper Funds from governments and their proper utilization Harassment of victims by un-sensitized volunteers Paternalistic attitudes restrict the degree of participation in programme /project design. Territorial possessiveness/ competitiveness Lack of Dedicated Leadership After-response phase wastages

21. Present Scenario in India: reality Roles of NGOs are Response/ relief oriented Lack of properly trained NGO volunteer Gender insensitivity in relief camps Lack of co-ordination

22. How Government Views the local NGOs? As Hippies….! As Beggars …..! And as Jokers…!

23. Challenges Co-ordination Proper Finance channeling Grass-root level of Participation in Planning Encouraging communities and individuals to be Active participants Building of disaster resilient cities/towns/villages External collaboration

24. Recommendations Specific Code of conduct for NGOs Quality of service Popularize volunteerism Mandatory training of NGO members Establishment of coordinating agencies Mock drills Revision of allowances and funds for NGOs Modernized equipment's and technological support.

25. Examples of Ngos for DM in India Red Cross Society CARE World Vision ActionAid Save the Children Adventist Development And Relief Agency India Trishul A.H.M. Relief Organization Indians for Collective Action (ICA ) PRAGYA International Local The numbers of Ngos in general, in India, have already crossed ten lakhs. However, most of them are devoted to social and gender causes. Very few NGOs are actually active and operating exclusively for disaster management, relief and rescue missions. At times of dire need, usually the NGOs with social concerns take up relief and rarely rescue functions.

26. Examples of Ngos for DM in India (cont.) Other social NGOs, known for relief operation during emergencies are : ActionAid India Goonj Impact india Foundation IDRF The   Environmental S upport Group, The  Uday Foundation NAF

27. The Himalayan Region Scenario The Siliguri chicken neck corridor Himalayan earthquakes How North Bengal Can be affected? Need for disaster awareness and participation of public Need for more DM oriented NGOs

28. Discussion

29. General earthquake safety briefing