ROMAN COSTUME

About the history of ROMAN COSTUME.

1. ROMAN COSTUME SUBMITTED BY : U.G.F.D LEVEL- 1 SECTION : A

2. THE ANCIENT ROMAN COSTUME HISTORY IN EUROPE B.C. 53 TO A.D. 450  The necessary garments of mankind were never many: one adjusted to the body, reaching to the knee or mid – leg for the man and to the ankle for the women, another sample enough to cover the whole person inclement weather.  The first of these two garments adopted by the Romans from the Greeks who called it kitten. The Latin name for it was tunica or tunic which has within some few past years reappeared in the nomenclature of English costume, both civil and military.  The people use to wear wool or linen, according to the season and originally had sleeves reaching scarcely to the elbow but at the time of Emperors, to the wrist.  http://world4.eu/roman-costume-history/

3. Roman clothing material: The type of materials used to produce clothes worn by the Romans started with wool and leather which came from the farms of Italy. As  their contact with other cultures and different climates increased so did the types of materials that they used. Luxury materials were therefore imported. Fine  linens from Egypt, cotton from India and silk from China. Silk was quite rare and extremely expensive. Clothes  made of silk were a luxury which could only be afforded by the wealthiest Romans and this, the most delicate of all materials, was only worn by women . The clothing materials used by the Romans included the following: Wool   Felt   Cotton Leather Linen Flax   Gauze Damask   Cloth of gold 10. Silk

4. Colors used to dye fabric in Roman Colors were produced from natural sources such as plants and insects.  The main Colors of Roman Clothing include the following colors : White Purple Blue Red  Scarlet Yellow Green Brown Black The brightest or darkest colors were more expensive to produce and were limited to higher status clothing.  to produce varying colors the material was heated with the dye and occasionally additional elements. Other items were added to the dyes to produce a variety of different colors. These included wine, salts, shell, sheep urine, lentils, vinegar, wild cucumbers, walnuts, insects, plants , bark, roots, berries and flowers. 

5. Roman Silhouettes

6. Women's wear On occasions, married citizen women wore a woolen mantle, known as a  palla , over a  stola , a simple, long-sleeved, voluminous garment that hung to midstep .    palla   stola (sleeveless)

7. Dress form of both man and women:

8. Clothing in ancient Rome  generally comprised a short-sleeved or sleeveless, knee-length tunic for men and boys. On formal occasions, adult male citizens could wear a woolen   toga , draped over their tunic. Men's wear

9. Different style of draping fabric to form the garment:

10. Roman costume who wore the different roman costumes according to the status:

11. The first man on the left is a Roman citizen (because he wears a toga) but is not an equestrian or senator (because he has no stripes on his tunic). Married woman wears a stola . Colored shoes and the broad stripes on his tunic identify the next man as a senator. Toga indicates that he had at least one curule office. The laurel wreath on the head of the next man and his special robes indicate that he is an emperor,the uniform and cloak of the following man identify him as a general. The social status of the two men on the right indicate that they are lower-class working men, but the two lowest social classes in Rome (freedpeople and slaves) did not have distinctive clothing that clearly indicated their status. These men could both be freed people (or citizens at work, for that matter); The man in the brown tunic is carrying tools and the other man is lighting his way, so we can deduce that the man in the white tunic may be a slave of the other man.

12. Movies based on Roman culture:  Ben-Hur(1959)  Spartacus(1960)  Asterix and Cleopatra (1968)  Fellini Satyricon (1969)  Caligula (1979)  Titus (1999)  Gladiator(2000)- The film won the Oscars for Best Picture , costumes , sound, and Vistual Effect. JANTY YATES (COSTUME DESIGNER)  Centurion(2010) 1`

13. Revolution:

14. Renaissance Hairstyles High : Women started to expose their hair taller where as men had choice of choosing to put on beard or moustaches. Ladies had headbands or jewels or gem stones. Middle : The length was towards knee or below and with two long braids . They also covered it with artificial flowers. The forehead was a important feature of face. Low: Men whore their hair short, while women combed their long hair upwards. Red wigs were especially popular during this era. Strange recipes for bleaching their hair were urine and sand. Middle High Low

15. Roman cosmetics   Cosmetics , first used in Ancient Rome for ritual purposes, were part of daily life for women, especially  prostitutes  and the wealthy.   Some fashionable cosmetics, such as those imported from China, Germany and Gaul, were so expensive that the Lex Oppia tried to limit their use in 189 BCE.  These “designer brands” spawned cheap knock-offs that were sold to poorer women. Working-class women could afford the cheaper varieties, but may not have had the time (or  slaves ) to apply the makeup as the use of makeup was a time-consuming affair because cosmetics needed to be reapplied several times a day due to weather conditions and poor composition.   Scent was also an important factor of beauty. Women who smelled good were presumed to be healthy. Due to the stench of many of the ingredients used in cosmetics at the time, women often drenched themselves in copious amounts of perfume . All cosmetic ingredients were also used as medicines to treat various ailments.  Lead , although known to be poisonous, was still widely used.Cosmetis were used for skincare , eye makeup,lips,nail,teeth,perfumes .

16. Fo o t w e ar: Footwear also defined a person's position in society. Women wore closed shoes that were either white, green or yellow. Men wore sandals. Patricians wore red sandals with an ornament at the back. Senators (old man or legends) wore brown footwear with black straps which wound round the leg to mid-calf, where the straps were tied. Consuls wore white shoes. soldiers wore heavy boots.

17. ROMAN SOLDIERS It's interesting to note that most Roman armor probably did not shine. They used a lot of chain mail (a sort of cloth made of circular links), which doesn't shine. They also made scale armor (metal plates about 3 inches long and about an inch wide, sewn together on a linen/leather backing.) Scale armor shines a little, but not much. And, they made leather armor, with the metal on the inside, or at least under the leather, probably again on a backing of linen, to make three layers. So, although the ancient Romans loved the ornate and glittery, their armor most probably did not shine!

18. Roman Art: Roman art refers to the visual arts made in Ancient Rome and in the territories of the Roman Empire. Roman art includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered in modern terms to be minor forms of Roman art. Fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries. Pompeii, 80 BC Iphigenia in Aulis Wall painting from north wall of the House of the Tragic Poet, Pompeii