Romanesque art

1. ROMANESQUE ART

2. Romanesque Art 1000-1150 AD France Spread to Christian Spain, England, Flanders, Germany and Italy, and elsewhere The first medieval style found all over Europe.

3. Romanesque Art Romanesque: encompasses the Western European artistic production, especially architecture, of the 11 th and 12 th centuries :a style of European architecture containing both Roman and Byzantine elements, prevalent especially in the 11th and 12th centuries and characterized by massive walls, round arches, and relatively simple ornamentation.

4. Romanesque Art Conditions: Rise of monasticism New orders founded ( Cistersian , Cluniac , Carthusian ) Economic prosperity Relative stable political condition Rise of priests and monks Growing crowds of pilgrims

5. Romanesque Art Monasteries established throughout Europe Great increase in church-building Increase in size of cathedrals Churches built larger

6. Formative influences: Roman art Insular style of Northern Europe Art of Byzantium Art of Byzantium Plaque with the Crucifixion and the Defeat of Hades Ivory Mid-10 th century Byzantine

7. Insular art (Northern Europe) Square-headed brooch Copper alloy with gilding and niello inlay 6 th century

8. Plan Adapted the plan of the Roman basilica Nave Lateral aisle

9. Schematic plan showing the major parts of a basilica

10. choir apse

11. Romanesque Architecture Thick walls Massive structures Vaulted roofs Round-headed windows and arches Impressive portals Alternating piers and columns Corinthian column Figurative sculptures Simple ornamentation San Millán Segovia, Spain

12. Portal of Lincoln Cathedral (Gallery of Kings) Painted barrel vault of Abbey Church of Saint- Savin - Sur- Gartempe

13. St. Michael’s, Hildesheim 2 colums between piers Capital of Corinthian form with Byzantine decoration and carved dosseret ,  San Martin de Tours Church, Fromista , Palencia

14. Neo-Romanesque Manila Cathedral, 1571

15. Other Features Architectural sculpture Painting Stained glass Towers Extremely vigorous Expressive Inventive iconography The  octagonal  crossing tower of the Abbey Church at Cluney influenced the building of other polygonal crossing towers in France, Spain and Germany.

16. On these mouldings around the portal of Lincoln Cathedral  are formal chevron ornament, tongue-poking monsters, vines and figures, and symmetrical motifs.

17. The tympanum of the inner portal of la Madeleine Vezelay has the scene of Christ in Majesty, at the Last Judgement . The figure of Christ is highly formalised in both posture and treatment. (1130s)

18. Apse of the Church of St Justus, Segovia.  Christ in Majesty  was a common theme for the apse.

19. King David from Augsburg Cathedral, late 11th century. One of a series of prophets that are the oldest stained glass windows in situ . Became a significant art form. Illuminated manuscripts/ psalter remained important. Romanesque art: Didactic Churches “Poor man’s Bible”

20. Key Terms Romanesque Insular style Byzantine art Basilica Pier tympanum Parts of romanesque church --narthex --nave --aisle --transept --choir --apse, etc.