ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS PRESENTATION

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving used for identifying the root causes of faults or problems. A factor is considered a root cause if removal thereof from the problem-fault-sequence prevents the final undesirable event from recurring; whereas a causal factor is one that affects an event's outcome, but is not a root cause. Though removing a causal factor can benefit an outcome, it does not prevent its recurrence with certainty.

1. ROOT CAUSE
ANALYSIS

2. Root Cause Analysis

Introduction

+ Root cause analysis (RCA) is the process of solving and
understanding a problem.

+ It is to identify the primary cause of a problem so that problem can be
stopped from happening in the first place.

3. Root Cause Analysis

+ Root cause analysis is a systematic process for identifying ‘root cause’ of
problem or process and an approach for responding to them.

elt is a tool designed to help identify not only what and how an event occurred,
but also why it happened.

+Itis an approach for identifying the underlying causes of an incident so that
the most effective solutions can be identified and implemented.

4. Root Cause Analysis

History

+ RCA arose in the 1950s as a formal study by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) in the United States.

+ New methods of problem analysis developed by NASA included a high level
assessment practice called MORT (Management Oversight Risk Tree), MORT
differed from RCA.

5. Root Cause Analysis

Importance

+ Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a popular and often-used technique that helps to
answer the question of why the problem occurred in the first place.

«Effective analysis is crucial for finding and understanding the many potential
causes of the problem. From those potential causes, it’s necessary to narrow
the field and focus on the most significant ones.

6. Root Cause Analysis

Steps of Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause Analysis seeks to identify the origin of a problem.
It uses a specific set of steps. Following are the four steps:

«Data collection - To find root causes complete information and an
understanding of the event is necessary. The first step is to collect the data to
analyze and find problems.

«Identify possible causal factor — During this stage causal factors are
identified and a chart is formed consisting causal factors. It provides a
structure for investigators to organize and analyze the information.

7. Root Cause Analysis

Steps of Root Cause Analysis

+ Root cause identification — Decision Diagram called Root Cause Map, is
used to identify the underlying reasons for each causal factor.

Recommend and Implement Solutions - Analyze cause-and-effect

*process, and identify the changes needed for various systems. It's also
important to plan ahead to predict the effects of solution. Organizations need
to ensure that recommendations are tracked to completion.

8. Root Cause Analysis

Tools of Root Cause Analysis

+5 Why Analysis - A simple tool for identifying a root cause by asking why's 5
times. The questioning can be taken to further levels but 5 iterations are
generally perfect to get root cause. It is one of simplest tools that can be used
without statistical analysis.

+ Fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram - The fishbone diagram identifies
many possible causes for an effect or problem. It can be used to structure a
brainstorming session. It immediately sorts ideas into useful categories.

9. Root Cause Analysis

Tools of Root Cause Analysis

+ Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify and classify
these sources of variation.

«Theeffectis shown as the fish's head, facing to the right, with
the causes extending to the left as fishbones; the ribs branch off the
backbone for major causes, with sub-branches for root-causes, to as many
levels as required.

10. Root Cause Analysis

Policies Procedures

11. Root Cause Analysis

Tools of Root Cause Analysis

Affinity diagram - The affinity diagram organizes a large number of
ideas into their natural relationships. This allows large numbers of
ideas stemming from brainstorming to be sorted into groups, based on
their natural relationships, for review and analysis. The affinity diagram
organizes ideas with following steps:

«Record each idea on cards or notes.

+ Look for ideas that seem to be related.

+ Sort cards into groups until all cards have been used.

12. Root Cause Analysis

Random Ideas Affinity Ideas

Theme 1 Theme2 Theme 3

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13. Root Cause Analysis

Benefits of RCA are following :
+ Eliminates challenging, costly problems as well as frequent, small problems.
+ Prevent problems and incidents from recurring.
«Helps in achieving a significant return on investment
«Creates a workplace culture of logical problem analysis.
elt saves time.

14. Root Cause Analysis

Future Scope

* The traditional practice ofroot cause analysisis a form of deductive
analysis, start with a known problem and working backward.

+ As automated software testing tools become increasingly sophisticated,
understanding the systems they’re monitoring so well that they
become predictive, those tools begin to extend into areas
of inductive analysis—preventing problems before they ever start.

15. Root Cause Analysis

References

* https://www.slideshare.net/CharlesCotter/root-cause-analysis-tools-and-
process? qid=657c358c-8e3a-4f55-bbfc-
2400de366128&v=&b=&from_search=4

* https://www.slideshare.net/jeremyjaylim/root-cause-analysis-rca-tools-
24376829? qid=657c358c-8e38a-4f55-bbfc-
2400de366128&v=&b=&from_search=5

* htips://www.env.nm.gov/aqb/Proposed_Regs/Part_7_Excess_Emissions/NM
ED_Exhibit_18-Root_Cause_Analysis_for_Beginners.pdf

* https://smartbear.com/learn/performance-monitoring/what-is-root-cause-
analysis/

and Wikipedia

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