Rose: All package of practice for rose .pptx

Rose cultivation

1. Hybrid Rose (Rosa hybrida ) Family: Rosaceae

2. Varieties Commonly Cultivated: Gladiator, Baby Pink, Sofia Lawrence, YCD 1, YCD 2, YCD 3

3. Soil and Climate Elevation: Suitable for higher elevations (1500 m and above), can also be grown in plains with fertile loamy soils. Irrigation Water: Requires salt-free water. Ideal Climate: Temperature: Minimum 15°C, maximum 28°C. Light: Growth influenced by day length (> 12 hours) and overcast conditions. Humidity: High relative humidity increases susceptibility to fungal diseases. Optimal Temperatures: Sunny Day: 25°C – 30°C Cloudy Day: 18°C – 20°C General Optimum: 15°C – 18°C

4. Propagation and Planting Methods: Rooted cuttings or budding on Briar root stocks (hills), Edward Rose, and Rosa indica (plains). Planting Time: July - August. Spacing: 75 cm x 75 cm.

5. After Cultivation Practices Watering: Daily until establishment, then once a week. Pruning: Conducted in March and October. Weed Control: Spray Diuran 2.5 kg a.i /ha, avoiding contact with plants.

6. Support of the Plants Post Placement: At intervals of 3m on both sides of the bed. Support Structure: Galvanized wires or plastic string fastened at posts at 30cm – 40cm intervals, with thin strings across the bed.

7. Maintenance Techniques Disbudding: Regular removal of side buds to prevent large wounds. Dead Shoot Removal: Regularly remove dead shoots to prevent fungal infections. Soil Loosening: Loosen soil after 6 months to enhance irrigation efficiency. Bending: Balance between source (assimilation) and sink (dissimilation) achieved through bending techniques.

8. Defoliation Purpose: Induces flowering or reduces transpiration loss during stress. Method: Manual leaf removal or water withholding after pruning.

9. Manuring FYM: Apply 10 kg and 8:8:16 g NPK/plant every three months after pruning. Specific Variety: For cv. Happiness, apply NPK @ 75:150:50 g/plant/year.

10. Harvesting Technique: Use sharp secateurs at tight bud stage when color is fully developed but petals have not started unfolding. Timing: Early morning hours. Post-Harvest: Leave 1-2 mature leaves to encourage new shoot production.

11. Postharvest Handling Immediate Action: Place roses in water inside polyhouse immediately after harvesting. Cold Storage: Transport to cold storage (2-4°C). Grading: According to length, typically 40-70 cm, and packed in bunches of 10/12.

12. Physiological Disorders Blind Wood: Failure to develop flowers, often due to low temperature, insufficient light, or chemical residues. Bull Heads: Malformed flowers caused by lack of carbohydrates, thrips infestation, or low temperature. Color Fading: Off-colored flowers due to temperature variations or pesticide use. Limp Necks: Stem wilting due to insufficient water absorption. Blackening of Petals: Caused by low temperature and high anthocyanin content. Nutritional Disorders: Iron deficiencies leading to pale foliage, corrected by adjusting soil pH.

13. Yield Hybrid Teas Roses: Approximately 70 – 80 stems/plant/year. Floribundas Roses: Approximately 80 - 90 stems/plant/year.

14. Images and Diagrams Pruning Technique Bending Technique Harvesting Technique Postharvest Handling