Rotary Drilling System:�Introduction

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1. DrillingEngineering1Course
3
rd
Ed. , 3
rd
Experience

2. 1.Introduction
2.Types of rigs
3.Personnel at Rig Site
4.How to drill a well

4. 2 drilling goals
to build the well according to its purpose and in a
safe manner
(i.e, avoiding personal injuries
and avoiding technical problems)
to complete it with minimum cost
Thereto the overall costs of the well during its lifetime in
conjunction with the field development aspects shall be
minimized.
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5. Parameters
The overall cost minimization, or optimization, may
influence
the location from where the well is drilled,
(e.g., an extended reach onshore or above reservoir offshore),
the drilling technology applied,
(e.g., conventional or slim–hole drilling, overbalanced or
underbalanced, vertical or horizontal, etc),
and which evaluation procedures are run to gather
subsurface information to optimize future wells.
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6. drilling technologies
To build a hole,
different drilling
technologies have been
invented:
Percussion drilling
Cable drilling
“Pennsylvanian drilling”
Drillstring
•With mud Quick
percussion drilling
•Without mud
“Canadian drilling”
Rotating drilling (Will be
discussed exclusively)
Full cross- section drilling
•Surface driven
oRotary bit
oRotary nozzle
•Subsurface driven
oTurbine drilling
oPositive
displacement
motor drilling
oElectro motor
drilling
Annular drilling
•Diamond coring
•Shot drilling
Fall 14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (3rd Ed.) 6

7. drilling technologies (Cont.)
Special techniques
Abrasive jet drilling
Cavitating jet drilling
Electric arc and plasma
drilling
Electric beam drilling
Electric disintegration
drilling
Explosive drilling
Flame jet drilling
Implosion drilling
Laser drilling
REAM drilling
Replaceable cutterhead
drilling
Rocket exhaust drilling
Spark drilling
Subterrene drilling
Terra drilling
Thermal-mechanical
drilling
Thermocorer drilling
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9. drilling rig
A drilling rig is a device used to drill,
case and cement oil and gas wells.
The correct procedure for selecting and sizing a
drilling rig is as follows:
Design the well
Establish the various loads to be expected during drilling
and testing operations and use the highest loads. This
point establishes the DEPTH RATING OF THE RIG.
Compare the rating of existing rigs with the design loads
Select the appropriate rig and its components.
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10. Rig Classification
Rotary
Drilling Rigs
Land
Mobile
Jackknife
Portable
Mast
Conventional
Marine
Bottom
Supported
Platform
Self
Contained
Tendered
Barge
Jack-Up Submersible
Floating
Drill Ship
Semi
Submersible
Caisson
Vessel
Tension Leg
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11. Land: Mobile Rigs
Jackknife rig Portable mast
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12. Marine:
Bottom Supported Platform rigs
Self Contained Tendered
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13. Marine:
Other Bottom Supported rigs
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A Jack– Up rig A submersible platform
A cantilever rig on a barge

14. Marine: Floating rigs
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Caisson vessel
(also called
sparbuoy) and
Diagram of a
spar–buoy
A tension–
leg platform
A drill– ship Semi–
submersible
vessel

15. comparison of drilling rigs
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16. Well Classifications
According to a wells final depth, it can be classified
into:
Shallow well: < 2000m
Conventional well: 2 000m –3500m
Deep well: 3500m –5000m
Ultra deep well: > 5 000m
With the help of advanced technologies in
MWD/LWD and extended reach drilling techniques,
horizontal departures of more than10000m are
possible today.
Fall 14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (3rd Ed.) 16

18. Personnel
People directly involved in drilling a well are
employed either by
the operating company,
the drilling contractor,
or one of the service and supply companies
The operating company is the owner of the
lease/block and principal user of the services
provided by the drilling contractor and the different
service companies.
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19. Tasks
Since drilling contractors are companies that
perform the actual drilling of the well, their main
job is to drill a hole to the depth/location and
specifications set by the operator.
Along with hiring a drilling contractor, the operator
usually employs various service and supply
companies to perform
logging,
cementing,
or any other special operations, including maintaining
the drilling fluid in its planed condition.
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20. drilling crews
Most drilling crews consist of
a tool pusher,
a driller,
a derrickman,
a mud logger,
and two or three rotary helpers
(also called floormen or roughnecks).
Along with this basic crew configuration the
operator sends usually a representative, called
company man to the rig.
For offshore operations the crews usually consist of
many more employees.
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21. crew requirements
Tool Pusher:
supervises all drilling operations and is the leading man
of the drilling contractor on location.
Company Man:
The company man is in direct charge of all company’s
activities on the rig site.
He is responsible for the drilling strategy as well as the
supplies and services in need. His decisions directly
effect the progress of the well.
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22. crew requirements (Cont.)
Driller:
The driller operates the drilling
machinery on the rig floor and is the
overall supervisor of all floormen.
He reports directly to the tool
pusher and is the person who is
most closely involved in the drilling
process.
He operates, from his position at the
control console, the rig floor brakes,
switches, levers, and all other
related controls that influence the
drilling parameters.
In case of a kick he is the first person
to take action by moving the bit off
bottom and closing the BOP.
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23. Inside a control console
Fall 14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (3rd Ed.) 23

24. crew requirements (Cont.)
Derrick Man:
The derrickman works on the so–
called monkeyboard, a small
platform up in the derrick,
usually about 90 ft above the
rotary table.
When a connection is made or
during tripping operations he is
handling and guiding the upper end
of the pipe.
During drilling operations the
derrickman is responsible for
maintaining and repairing the
pumps and other equipment as
well as keeping tabs on the drilling
fluid.
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25. crew requirements (Cont.)
Floormen:
During tripping, the rotary helpers are
responsible for handling the lower end
of the drill pipe as well as operating
tongs and wrenches to make or break
up a connection.
During other times, they also maintain
equipment, keep it clean, do painting
and in general help where ever help is
needed.
Mud Engineer, Mud Logger:
The service company who provides the
mud almost always sends a mud
engineer and a mud logger to the rig
site. They are constantly responsible for
logging what is happening in the hole as
well as maintaining the proper mud
conditions.
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27. drilling process
In rotary drilling, the rock is destroyed by the action
of rotation and axial force applied to a drilling bit.
The drilling bit is located at the end of a drill string
which is composed of drill pipes (also called joints
or singles), drill collars, and other specialized drilling
tools.
Drill collars are thick walled tubes responsible for
applying the axial force at the bit.
Rotation at the bit is usually obtained by rotating the
whole drill string from the surface.
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28. A simplified drillstring
The components of the
drillstring are:
Drillpipe
Drillcollars
Other Accessories called bottom
hole assembly (BHA) including:
Heavy-walled drillpipe (HWDP)
Stabilisers
Reamers
Directional control equipment
Etc.
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29. Functions of the drillstring
The drill string is the mechanical linkage connecting
the drillbit at the bottom of the hole
to the rotary drive system on the surface.
The drillstring serves the following functions:
transmits rotation to the drillbit
exerts weight on the bit;
the compressive force necessary to break the rock
guides and controls the trajectory of the bit; and
allows fluid circulation
which is required for cooling the bit and for cleaning the hole.
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30. drilling process (Cont.)
A large variety of bit models and designs are available in
industry.
The choice of the right bit,
based on the characteristics of the formations to be drilled,
and the right parameters (weight on bit and rotary speed)
are the two most basic problems the drilling engineer faces
during drilling planning and drilling operation.
The cuttings are lifted to the surface by the drilling fluid.
At the surface, the cuttings are separated from the drilling
fluid by several solid removal equipment.
Drilling mud is picked up by the system of pumps and
pumped again down the hole.
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31. connection
As drilling
progresses, new
joints are added
to the top of the
drill string
increasing its
length, in an
operation called
connection.
A pipe slips is
used to transfer
the weight of
the drillstring
from the hook to
the master
bushing.
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32. round trip
As the bit gets dull, a round trip is performed to
bring the dull bit to the surface and replace it by a
new one.
A round trip is performed also to change the BHA.
The drillstring is also removed to run a casing
string. The operation is done by removing stands of
two (“doubles”), three (“thribbles”) or even four
(“fourbles”) joints connected, and stacking them
upright in the rig.
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33. Removing one stand of drillstring
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34. wiper trip
Sometimes the drillstring is not completely run out
of the hole.
It is just lifted up to the top of the open-hole
section and then lowered back again while
continuously circulating with drilling mud.
Such a trip, called wiper trip,
is carried out to clean the hole from remaining cuttings
that may have settled along the open– hole section.
Fall 14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (3rd Ed.) 34

35. 1.(CDF) Jorge H.B. Sampaio Jr. “Drilling
Engineering Fundamentals.” Master of
Petroleum Engineering. Curtin University of
Technology, 2007.Chapter 1 and 2
2.(WEC) Rabia, Hussain. Well Engineering &
Construction. Entrac Consulting Limited, 2002.
Chapter 16