Rotary Universal ProTaper File

Rotary Universal ProTaper File

2. Introduction

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3. .

Hand instruments have been in clinical use for almost 100 years and they are
still an integral part of cleaning and shaping procedures. Files, Reamers and
Hedstroms are considered to be the principles endodontic hand instruments for
root canal preparation procedures and all other instruments take their origins

from these three basic forms.

SS NN ù

NiTi was developed by Buchler in 1963. First use of NiTi in endodontic was
reported by Walia et al., in 1988.

NiTi was not designed for initial negotiation of the root canal, because of
extreme flexibility of it. On the other hand, the greater stiffness of stainless steel
instruments allowed them to be used for path finding and to establish canal

patency.

4. a using the stainless steel files, occurrence of p
cannot be avoided especially in case of curved canal:

se formation.

« Various brands of NiTi rotary systems introduced and become
popular such as LightSpeed, ProFile, GT, ProTaper, HERO, K3,
FlexMaster, RaCe, EndoSequence, Twisted, ProTaper Next.

° These instruments are generally used in low speed torque control
handpiece with 360° file rotation and rotation rate of 150-350
rpm; however, they differ from one to another in the cross

sectional geometry, rake angle, tip design and taper.

5. of developmen

gasto
of

6. ° ProTaper rotary file developed in 2001 by group of
endodontists: Dr. Cliff Ruddle, Dr. Pierre Machtou, Dr.

John West, in cooperation with Dentsply Maillefer.

» Asa logical consequence of the success of the ProTaper rotary file,
ProTaper hand file is available in market. It used in teeth with

difficult canal anatomy and/or problematic handpiece access.

8. This system has three shaping and five finishing files.

3 shaping files (SX, $1, $2)
5 finishing files (F1, F2, F3, F4, FS)

Convex triangular

Sx (19/0.035)
S1 (17/0.02)
$2 (20/0.04)
F1 (20/0.07)
F2 (25/0.08)
F3 (30/0.09)
F4 (40/0.06)
FS (50/0.05)

19, 21, 25mm

9. Auxiliary shaping ProTaper file (SX):

+ No identification ring on its colored EEE iT aa
handle.

+ Shorter overall length of 19mm.

+ SX is available with 14mm of cutting

blades.

+ Diameter at tip of instrument (DO), and at D14.
+ Taper was increased from D1-D9 (3.5% to 19%).

10. Shaping ProTaper files (S1, S2):

They have purple and white identification rings on their handles
respectively.
S1 is designed to prepare the coronal one-third of the canal and has an

increasing taper from DI-D14 (2%-11%).

S2 is designed to enlarge and prepare the middle third of the canal and
has an increasing taper from D1-D14 (4%-11.5%).

Also, they do progressively enlarge ne

its apical 1/3 because these

instruments are already at WL after

a

initial preflaring.
Diameter at tip of instrument

(DO), and at D14.

11. a ee = -

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2
3
4
5
6

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OS & - -----

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12. Finishing ProTaper files (F1, F2, F3):
+ The finishing ProTaper files (Fl, F2 and F3) have yellow, red and

blue identification rings on their handles with DO diameter of

0.20mm, 0.25mm and 0.30mm respectively.

Finishing Files

AIT eG

N ge al

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13. Fl F2 F3

Finishing files have a fixed
taper in the first 3mm from
D1 to D3 (ie. 7%, 8% and
9% for F1, F2 and F3

tins = mm
A = = œ mm
Ad SS = = = ---

respectively).

Each file has a decreasing taper from D4 to D16:

Vv

Ensure a continuous flexibility within the file.

v

Avoids too large diameter at the shaft area of the instrument.

Vv

Reduces the potential for dangerous taper lock by engaging less dentine

and thereby decreasing the chances of breakage.

Y

It enhances the strength of the files while making them rather stiff.

14. Finishing ProTaper files (F4, FS):

Some modification are introduced such as the addition of two larger
files; F4 and F5 to help in apical preparation of larger canals.

F4 had two black rings with ISO 40 tip size and 6% apical third taper
while F5 had two yellow rings and ISO 50 tip size with 5% apical third
taper.

The body of both files progressively decreasing in taper and that
produce excellent flexibility.
Finishing files have a fixed
taper in the first 3mm
from DO to D3 (i.e. 6%,
5% and for F4 and F5

respectively).

15. Design features of
ProTaper

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16. A. Multiple tapers:

» A unique feature of the shaping files is their progressively tapered
design which clinically serves to significantly improve flexibility,
cutting efficiency and typically reduces the No. of recapitulations
needed to achieve length, especially in tight or more curved

canals.

17. B. Non-cutting modified guiding tip:

+ The tip of these instruments is modified non cutting making it less
aggressive. This allows each instrument to accurately follow a smooth
reproducible glide path, and importantly, enhances its ability to load soft

tissue and loose debris into the intrablade flutes, where it can be efficiently

augured out of the canal.

C. Convex triangular cross-section with convex cutting FET

+ This design results in three shape blade edges that improve cutting ability

and tactile sense. It also reduces contact area between dentine and the

cutting blade of the instrument.

18. D. Helical angle and pitch:

ProTaper files have a continuously changing HA and pitch over their
14mm of cutting blades. Changing the pitch and helical angles over the

active length of blades optimizes its cutting action. Importantly,

changing the pitch and helical angles of a file, in conjunction with a

progressively tapered design, prevents each instrument from

inadvertently screwing into the canal.

instrument axis

pitch

Helical Angle

cutting edge flute of the helical angle

of the instrument

19. using

¿qe lines s for
pro oTap er

20. Ensuring straight line access and check the patency of the canal.
Once WL is confirmed, use each instrument progressively down to the WL.
Always irrigate the canal before engaging the file; use instrument in well

irrigated and lubricated canal with EDTA.

21. Withdraw the file once the WL is reached.

For a better result, RPT shaping files should be used with a brushing action.
RPT files used with very light apical pressure. Shaping and finishing PT files do
not use more than 3-5 seconds inside canal.

Each instrument should do minimal shaping. Only two, three, or four passes
may be required for the file to engage restrictive dentin and care the shape to

the proper depth.

22. method to us
proTape!

+ The ProTaper instruments should be used passively within the

nal and their use may be,continued as long as they move easily

apical direction.

PT safety, the pencil lead analogy is used to qualify
ic recommended pressure. The desired pressure on an
ment should be equivalent to the pressure used when

writing with a pencil without breaking the lead.

23. Ja

Rotary ProTaper technique

a Le «

24. Technique sequence for short length canals:

+ Use SX to resistance or no more than three quarter estimated working length.
+ Use 15 K-file to full WL.

+ Use SX to full WL.

+ Use Fl to WL.

+ Use F2, F3, F4 and F5 as in medium and long canals.

{ Short canals sequence

25. Technique sequence for medium and long length canals:

+ Use S1 to resistance or no more than three quarter estimated canal length.
+ Use SX to resistance.

+ Use S1 to full W.L.

+ Use 15 K-file to full WL.

+ Use S1 to full WL in one or more passes.

+ Use S2 to working length.

Shaping File 1-2

+ Use F1 to working length.

26. Use F2 if foramen is larger than size 20.
Use F3 if foramen is larger than size 25.
Use F4 if foramen is larger than size 30.

Use ES if foramen is larger than size 40.