Rotating tower ( Dynamic Architecture) with Structural design aspect

concept of dynamic architecture has been tried to elaborate in this ppt, its advantages, practical consideration of Structural design with different aspects have been shown, analysis on Alternative designs with practical design consideration is being elaborated.

1. The Dynamic Architecture R o t a t I n g T o w e r Presented by: Syed Abdul Rahman

2. The concept “dynamic architecture” is designed by the Italian architect David Fisher . The main idea behind this concept is: the building of the future. Dynamic Architecture is not related only to style and design, it involves new approach to construction: Buildings As completely re-endowed with movement and are able to change their shape over time. For all these reasons, David Fisher thinks and designs his buildings with four dimensions, not only height, width and depth, but also “Time”. Concept

3. O bjective We will see the feasibility of the Structural design for Rotating Tower. These Structural design must be tuned with Architectural design : Mainly the dimensions of the storeys, functions and concept (rotating storeys) of the tower must remain unchanged. Intentions: Intention was to build an 80-story skyscraper in Dubai. It featured revolving floors, some of which could have moved on command, providing the building with an ever-changing shape along with a changing view for the residents. It is Fisher's first skyscraper design

4. The Suite Vollard is a rotating residential building in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.  This Apartment Building was Designed by a team of Architects, headed by Bruno de Franco & David Fisher.  This building is the only one of its kind in the world, as each of the 11 apartments can rotate 360º.  Each apartment can spin individually in any direction. One rotation takes a full hour.  The apartment rings rotate around a static core used for building services, utilities, and all areas which require plumbing.  Each apartment was sold for approximately 300,000 $

5. T hese types of buildings provides the possibility to orient the own space: A ccording to the moments of the day (sun & light). - In relation to the seasons. - In relation to the surrounding environment (views). - Or simply to own pleasure. Dynamic Tower Advantages Wind turbines & Solar panel. 30% faster in building process. 1 floor in 3 days (Dynamic tower) 1 floor in 3 weeks ( Traditional buildings) Over 70 Wind Turbines will be fitted on each rotating floor. They could generate upto 1,200,000 kilowatt-hours of energy.

6. Specifications Of Rotating Tower Dubai (architectural design) Specifications Magnitude Unit Height tower 435.3 m Average storey height 5.4 m Number of floors 80 - Floor area per storey 1142-1826 m2 Rotation speed 1 rot/h Diameter core: Floor 0-37 30.5 m Floor 38-70 27 m Floor 71-80 20 m Many of these specifications are based on assumptions and need to be engineered before they can considered to be realistic.

7. C hallenges Dynamic architecture is a very ambitious concept which has a lot of challenges that need to be solved. One important aspect of the tower is not designed yet: the structural system (for overall stability ) . The design of the main structural system is a governing factor for the feasibility of the tower. When the structural system can’t be fitted into the architectural design, the tower can’t be built in the way it was intended. Major challenges are:  Water supply  Human comfort in the tower  Driving system of the floors  Structural system (for overall stability)

8. Reference project There are no existing projects which can be compared to the Rotating Tower. But some projects where taken for comparisons, The most important comparisons with the Rotating Tower are:  Comparable height  All buildings are at a location where strong (typhoon) winds and earthquakes occur. Three reference projects where analyzed: Taipei 101(Taiwan) – 449m, floors 101 Burj Khalifa(Dubai) -828m, floors 163 Shanghai World Financial centre(China) -492m, floors 101

9. Main parts of Structure S teel structure Foundation Central core

10. Driving System All storeys in the Rotating Tower rotate around the central core connected by rails. Rotation will not have an effect on core. Approximately 600 to1000 tons per floor rests on the wheels. Each wheel carries 50 ton (500kN).

11.  Dead load (with both Eurocode and UBC97)  Live load (with both Eurocode and UBC97)  Wind load ( Eurocode )  Earthquake load (UBC97) Load cases The different loads considered in design are Dead load Steel structure storey Architectural part storey (cladding, ceiling etc.) Water tanks Driving system Core (incl. internal walls and floors) Foundation slab Both deformation and maximum stresses are far outside the range of realistic values for an tower with this height.

12. Optimization analysis Deformation and Stresses acting on the core are too high Solutions to lower both values are taken into account

13. Conclusions from optimization analysis Reduced height Good solution for lowering both stresses & deformations Broader core Its very effective solution to make the core stiffer Thicker core Making the core wall thicker reduces both deformation and stresses. Disadvantage is high dead weight. Different concrete grade Doesn’t have big effect on properties of core Active steel structure Using the steel structure in the overall stability structure will be a big challenge considering the dynamic nature of the storey

14. Non feasible designs Concept design Reason of non feasibility 1. Broader core Less (valuable) space in the storey 2. Hammerhead walls Using hammerhead walls makes it impossible to rotate the storey 3 . Improved outrigger structure Too much limitations on the concept 4 . Extreme stiff foundation Too small effect on the deformation considering the extra material and work demanded.

15. Alternative designs Alternative 1: Architect’s design Alternative 2: Higher concrete grade Alternative 3: Increased wall thickness Alternative 4: Outrigger braced concrete core Alternative 5: Perimeter columns with stiff floors 5 alternative designs - (1) on the left, (5) on the right

16. Architect’s design (alternative 1) Small decrement in the height of tower Height of tower 243 m, 45 storey Storey height 5.4 m Concrete used is C 50/6 0 (highest normal concrete strength) Foundation slab with round drilled piles is used. Thickness of slab 5 m Lighter and smaller foundation can be made

17. Higher concrete grade (alternative 2) Higher concrete grade is used (with the highest concrete strength available) Height of tower 270m, 50 storey Storey height 5.4 m Concrete used is C 90/105 E-modulus increased to 1.4 times Thickness of slab 5m Design of slab can be adopted same like alternative 1

18. Increased wall thickness (alternative 3) Wall thickness is increased Its almost same as alternative 2, only has a core with increased wall thickness Concrete used is C 90/105 Height of the tower 286 m, 53 storey Core wall is made thicker to the inside core Thicker core creates an increase in dead weight

19. Outrigger system (alternative 4) In this a wider base is created for outrigger braced columns. It can resist wind & EQ loads to the greater height Height of tower 376 m, 70 storey The most important additions are the outriggers and perimeter columns The foundation in this is different from the previous ones Foundation slab is extended with 12 “extra” square slabs .

20. Continue… structural system static position structural system when rotating The perimeter columns will be in a disconnected mode when the storey rotate and are connected when the storey do not rotate. 6 perimeter columns are placed with an angle of 60 degrees with respect to each other Foundation slab

21. Continue… Connection of perimeter column

22. Perimeter columns with stiff floors (alternative 5) F irst 37 storey (containing office and hotel space) are partly non rotatable. The core is surrounded by 12 steel/concrete columns 12 perimeter columns are permanently connected to the foundation Height of tower 405 m, 75 storey

23. Continue… structural system when rotating structural system static position Foundation slab

24. Alternatives pros cons Pros and cons (comparisons) Alternative 1 (Architectural design) Architectural design unchanged Concept of rotating tower unchanged Height of just 45 storey (loss of valuable space) Architectural design unchanged Concept of rotating tower unchanged Alternative 2 Higher concrete grade Height of just 45 storey (loss of valuable space) Very high concrete grade Alternative 3 Increased wall thickness Architectural design unchanged Concept of rotating tower unchanged Height of just 55 storey (loss of valuable space) Very high concrete grade High self-weight: increased sensitivity for second order effects. The increased stiffness can’t be used to full capacity.

25. Continue… Alternatives pros cons Alternative 4 Outrigger system Height of 70 storey (valuable space): economic value Dynamic concept also present in structure Good representation of the original exterior design(height/broad proportion) Static (parts of) floors: change of concept Perimeter columns take up valuable space All floors must rotate in the same direction Alternative 5 Perimeter columns with stiff floor Height of 75 storey (valuable space): economic value Small adaption to the architectural design Possibility to decrease storey height: tower containing 80 storey can be made with decreased height First 37 storey contains static part: small adaption to the architectural design Perimeter columns take up valuable space

26. Conclusion At the end all the alternatives were compared with each other concerning advantages disadvantages. 3 alternatives were selected at the end. The choice for final design of the structure will be made by the architect. 3 Alternatives which are most promising: Alternative 1 (architect’s design) - No changes are made in concept ,except height. Alternative 4 (Dynamic outrigger system)- Most ambitious design made compared to all. It contains the high risk of all designs, but also most similarity with the concept of project. alternative 5 (Perimeter columns with stiff floors)- It is (just like alternative 4 ) a design with the most similarity to the original exterior design. A big advantage of this structure is the lack of “extra” risks in comparison with the original design.

27. Alternative 1 Alternative 4 Alternative 5

28. The achievements in the new limits in architecture have been written in the history as reminder to the new generation… “Don’t wait for the future to come to you, face the future” New limits and prospects are now opened, buildings are now able to change their shape and be a part of environment… THIS is the ERA of DYNAMIC ARCHITECTURE…

29. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Tower uuid:6e366f3b-fbf8-48c4-aba5-9daa150ba961 https://youtu.be/JKE_U_wcKgU www.dynamicarchitecture.net