Rousseau

The slide talks about great educationalist Rousseau who had a great role in education

1. Jean Jacques Rousseau (28 JUNE 1712- 2 JULY 1778 ) BY PINKY VARSHNEY

2. BIOGRAPHY He was born in Geneva, Switzerland on 28 June 1712 His mother died shortly His father was a typical watch maker and dance master. Late his father also fled Geneva hence brought by mother’s sisters. Rousseau left Geneva at 16 wandering from place to place finally moving to Paris in 1742. In his essay “ Discourse on the arts and sciences ” he concluded that material progress had actually undermined the possibility of sincere friendship, replacing it with jealousy, fear, and suspicion. He minimiss the importance of book learning and recommended that child’s emotions should be educated first. He emphasized upon learning by experience His novel Emile is a treatise on the education of whole person for citizenship.

3. Rousseau’s Educational Philosophy Rousseau’s Philosophy is termed as Naturalism . It contains his concepts of natural state natural man and natural civilization. According to him “ Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains .” He gave three fundamentals of nature 1. Isolation from society :- Student should be isolated from society and brought up by laws of nature. 2. Innate tendencies of the child :- According to him the innate tendencies to primitive emotions, instinctive judgment and natural instinct are more reliable basis for action than the experience gained from society. 3. Contact with natural environment .:- Education is to make contact with natural environment. Accordingly he will automatically become a rational being and act according to the voice of his conscience .

4. Concept of Education For Rousseau education does not mean merely imparting information it is development of child’s natural powers and abilities from within. The concept of education include Education from nature :- it consists of development of child’s natural tendencies and interests he gave it to top priority Education from man :- it consists in influencing our social contacts and various groups. Education from things :- It consists of acquisition of knowledge and information through contact with physical surroundings and our experience of dealing with things.

5. Aims of Education Rousseau was leader of naturalistic movement. According to Rousseau the aims of education were :- Development of child inner faculties :- The most important aim is the natural development of child’s inner faculties and powers. To live is to work , to develop and to properly utilize the various parts of body Different aim at different stages Development of well regulated freedom :- during infancy the aim 0f education is to develop well regulated freedom according to his capacities Develop sufficient strength at childhood stages :- at childhood stage the aim of education in the child sufficiently in order to have well regulated freedom Intellectual development in pre adolescent period :- Emotional, moral and religious development during adolescence.

6. CURRICULUM Even in framing curriculum he paid attention to four stages which are For infancy stage :- At this time a child’s body must be given constant exercise, making it strong and healthy. For childhood stage :- At this stage neither intellect nor moral or social education is to be imparted to the child the child should be given maximum freedom. There should be no verbal lessons, history and geography. physical excercises constitute core of curriculum. For boyhood stage :- physical sciences, languages, mathematics, manual work, social relations , music and drawing constitute the curriculum at this stage. The character would develop by these subjects. For adolescence stage :- special stress was laid out on moral and religious education at this stage. Moral education should be given through activities and occupations and not through lectures.

7. METHODS OF TEACHING The following methods proposed by him were:- Learning by doing Direct experience Method of industrial instruction Heuristic method Example is better than precept ROLE OF TEACHER Rousseau did not assign high place to the teacher. The teacher should see that the education of pupils is the free development of the interests and motives. He should provide suitable opportunities. He should protect the child from depression mental conflicts and mental disorders of all kinds.