RUBY LASER AND ITS WORKING WITH DIAGRAM.pptx

ruby Laser and its working
ENERGY LEVELS
PARTS OF RUBY LASER

1. RUBY LASER SHADIYA P 99AXIPH012

2. INTRODUCTION Historically, the ruby laser was the first laser Ruby laser is a solid state laser Ruby laser rod consist of a synthetic ruby crystal Al2O3, doped with chromium ions at a concentration of about 0.05% by weight. The chromium ions constitute the active centres as they have a set of three energy levels .

3. STRUCTURE

4. Ruby rod is in the form of a cylindrical rod of 4 cm in length and 0.5 cm in diameter. Its ends are grounded and polished such that the end faces are exactly parallel and also perpendicular to the axis of rod. One face is silvered to achieve 100% reflection while the other is silvered to give 10% transmission. The rod is surrounded by a helical photographic flash lamp filled with xenon. The lamp produces flashes of white light whenever activated by the power supply. The system is cooled with the help of coolant circulating around the ruby rod.

5. WORKING

6. When the ruby rod is irradiated with an intense burst of white light from the xenon lamp ,the ground state cr3+ ions absorb light in two pumps bands one is near 6600A and other is 4000A. The energy levels in these bands have very small lifetime(<=10^-9 sec). Hence excited cr3+ ions rapidly lose some of their energy to the crystal lattice and undergo non radiated transitions to adjacent level as the metastable state. These having lifetime of 3x10^-3 sec, thus electrons can stay longer there. More electrons will be cumulating in metastable state, which causes population inversion. By spontaneous emission, electrons come back to ground state emitting photon of wavelength 6943A The silvering of both sides facilitates to reach threshold intensity and initiates stimulated emission.

7. Dis- adventages High power pumping source Pulsed output Defects due to crystal imperfections Heating Adventages High output power Are used for holography, industrial cutting and welding.