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1. 1 12/09/2024 Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Lucknow Department of Civil Engineering SEMINAR PRESENTATION on Presented by : RUDRA PRATAP SINGH ( 2110013145030 ) (CABLE PROPELLED TRANSIT SYSTEMS)

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDRODUCTION WORKING OPERATIONS TYPES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES CASE STUDY CONCLUSION REFERENCES 2 9/24/2024

3. INTRODUCTION Definition: Cable Propelled Transit (CPT) systems are a type of public transportation that uses cables and vehicles to transport passengers along a fixed route. Principle: CPT systems use a continuous loop of cable, propelled by a bull wheel, to move vehicles at a steady speed. CPT systems are suitable for urban areas, hilly or mountainous terrain, and scenic routes, offering efficient and sustainable transportation. Benefits: CPT systems provide efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly transportation, with low operating costs and minimal land use. 3 9/24/2024

4. WORKING Step 1: Cable Tensioning This process involves tensioning the cables to precise levels using hydraulic systems, winches, or counterweights. The tensioning process ensures stability and support for the vehicles. Cable tensioning is critical to prevent sagging or slackening. Hydraulic systems or winches apply tensioning forces. Initial tension (during installation): 10-20% of ultimate cable strength (UCS) Operating tension (during normal operation): 15-30% of UCS Maximum allowable tension: 40-50% of UCS Step 2: Vehicle Attachment Vehicles attach to the cable via grip mechanisms at designated stations. - Grip mechanisms secure vehicles for transport. Hydraulic, mechanical, or electromagnetic devices are used. 4 9/24/2024

5. Step 3: Propulsion - Drive system propels the cables, moving attached vehicles along the route. Electric motors, hydraulic systems, or other power sources are used. Propulsion forces are transmitted to the cables. Step 4: Vehicle Movement Vehicles move along the cable, driven by the propulsion system. Vehicles can be fixed to one, two, or three cables. 5 9/24/2024

6. Step 5: Grip Release Vehicles detach from the cable at destination stations using release mechanisms. Release mechanisms ensure safe and efficient detachment. Hydraulic or mechanical devices are used. Step 6: Return Journey Vehicles reattach to the returning cable and are pulled back to the starting point. Return journey is initiated by reattaching to the cable. Propulsion forces are reversed. Step 6: Control System Monitors cable tension, vehicle speed, and system performance. Regulates drive system for optimal speed and efficiency. Ensures safe operation and emergency response 9/24/2024 6

7. OPERATION Vehicle Dispatch - Vehicles are dispatched from stations at regular intervals (e.g., every 2-10 minutes). - Dispatch times are optimized to ensure efficient operations and minimize wait times.   Acceleration and Deceleration - Vehicles accelerate from 0 to operating speed (15-30 km/h) in a controlled manner. - Deceleration rates are also controlled to ensure smooth stops.   Operating Speed  - Vehicles operate at a consistent speed, typically between 15-30 km/h.  - Speeds can be adjusted based on route conditions. Boarding and Exiting  - Passengers board and exit vehicles at designated stations.  - Boarding and exiting times are minimized to ensure efficient operations. 7 9/24/2024

8. Station - Stations are designed for efficient passenger flow. Power Supply  - Power is supplied to the propulsion system through electric or hydraulic means.  - Backup power systems ensure continuous operations during power outages. Communication Systems   - Passenger information systems provide updates on schedules and operations. Safety Features  - Multiple safety features are integrated into the system, including: - Emergency braking systems - Fire suppression systems - Evacuation procedures 8 9/24/2024

9. TYPES OF CABLE PROPELLED TRANSIT (CPT) SYSTEM Classification 1: Number of Cables 1. Monocable System  1. One cable for both directions. 2. Vehicles attach via grips or clamps. 3. Simple and cost-effective design. 4. Lower capacity compared to bicable systems. 2. Bi-cable System 1. Two cables, one for each direction. 2. Vehicles attach to both cables via grips or clamps. 3. Higher capacity and flexibility. 4. Suitable for longer routes and higher demand. Classification 2: Grip Mechanism 1. Detachable System  1. Vehicles detach from the cable at stations. 2. Allows for higher capacity and flexibility. 3. Suitable for longer routes and higher demand. 4. More complex and expensive than fixed systems. 9 9/24/2024

10. 2. Fixed System 1. Vehicles remain attached to the cable at all times. 2. Simple and cost-effective design. 3. Suitable for shorter routes.  4. Lower capacity compared to detachable system Hybrid System 1. Combination of monocable and bicable systems. 2. Vehicles attach to one cable in one direction and two cables in the other. 3. Expensive than monocable systems. 4. Requires advanced control systems. Pulsed System 1. Vehicles are grouped together and propelled as a single unit. 2. Increases capacity and efficiency. 3. Vehicles can be added or removed as needed. 4. More complex and expensive than fixed systems. 10 9/24/2024

11. ADVANTAGES Efficient Transportation: CPT systems can move large numbers of passengers quickly and efficiently, making them ideal for urban areas.  Sustainable: CPT systems are environmentally friendly, producing minimal noise and air pollution.   Reliable: CPT systems are designed to operate in various weather conditions, making them a reliable mode of transportation. Cost-Effective: CPT systems have lower operating costs compared to traditional transportation modes. Scalable: CPT systems can be easily expanded or modified to accommodate growing passenger demand. Low Maintenance: CPT systems have fewer moving parts, reducing maintenance needs and extending system lifespan.   Panoramic Views: CPT systems often offer scenic views, enhancing the passenger experience and making transportation more enjoyable. 11 9/24/2024

12. DISADVANTAGES High Initial Investment: CPT systems require significant upfront costs for infrastructure and installation.  Limited Flexibility: CPT systems have fixed routes and stations, limiting flexibility in response to changing passenger demand.   Capacity Limitations: CPT systems have limited passenger capacity compared to other transportation modes.  Speed Limitations: CPT systems typically operate at slower speeds than other transportation modes.  Terrain Constraints: CPT systems are limited by steep slopes, waterways, and other terrain challenges. Visual Impact: CPT systems can have a significant visual impact on surrounding areas.   Technical Issues: CPT systems can experience technical issues, such as cable breakage or mechanical failures, which can disrupt operations. Time Limitation: It is limited to 18-20 hours per day. 12 9/24/2024

13. CASE STUDY CASE STUDY 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW OF KASHI ROPEWAY Location: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Project Type: Urban Ropeway System Length: 3.8 km  Stations: 5  Capacity: 3,000 passengers per hour per direction Project Cost: ₹ 400 crores Gondola: Poma Sigma 8 OBJECTIVE Improve connectivity between key locations in Varanasi Reduce traffic congestion and pollution  Fig.4:Varanasi ropeway stations Enhance tourist experience and accessibility  Boost local economy and create jobs  13 9/24/2024

14. The Varanasi Ropeway project in India uses a Monocable Detachable Gondola (MDG) system, which is a type of Cable Propelled Transit (CPT) technology. Here are some key features of the Varanasi Ropeway project: - Monocable Detachable Gondola (MDG) system - 3.8 km long - 23 cabins, each carrying 10 passengers  - Travel time: 15-20 minutes - Height: up to 64 meters above ground level Key features of the Poma Sigma 8 gondolas:- Length: 4.3 meters (14.1 feet) Width: 2.4 meters (7.9 feet) Height: 2.6 meters (8.5 feet) Doors: Double sliding doors. Floor area: 6.4 square meters (68.9 square feet) 14 9/24/2024

15. CASE STUDY 2: PROJECT OVERVIEW OF BOLIVIA ROPEWAY Location: La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia Project Type: Urban Ropeway System  Length: 30 km (initial phase) Stations: 10 (initial phase) Capacity: 18,000 passengers per hour per direction Project Cost: $234 million (initial phase) Gondola : Doppel Mayr 10-MGD   OBJECTIVE Reduce traffic congestion and travel time. Improve air quality and reduce pollution.  Enhance connectivity and accessibility. Fig.5: Bolivia Ropeway Stations Promote sustainable transportation and urban development.  15 9/24/2024

16. Key features of the Doppel Mayr 10-MGD gondolas:- Length: 4.9 meters (16.1 feet) Width: 2.6 meters (8.5 feet) Height: 2.9 meters (9.5 feet) Floor area: 7.4 square meters (79.7 square feet) The Bolivia Ropeway, also known as Mi Teleférico , uses a Monocable Detachable Gondola (MDG) system with a Pulley Enclosure technology , which is a type of Cable Propelled Transit (CPT) technology. The MDG system with Pulley Enclosure technology was chosen for the Bolivia Ropeway due to its: - High capacity - Comfortable ride - Easy boarding and exiting - Ability to navigate complex terrain - Adaptability to harsh weather conditions 16 9/24/2024

17. Without Pulley Enclosure: Exposed pulleys: Pulleys are exposed to the environment, which can lead to wear and tear, corrosion, and noise.  Noise pollution: Exposed pulleys can generate significant noise, affecting nearby residents and passengers.  Weather sensitivity: Exposed pulleys can be affected by harsh weather conditions, such as snow, ice, or heavy rain, which can impact system performance. Ride quality: The ride may be less smooth due to the exposed pulleys. Why Pulley Enclosure technology was not used in the Varanasi Ropeway project: Climate and weather: Varanasi's climate and weather conditions might not be as harsh as those in La Paz, Bolivia, reducing the need for Pulley Enclosure technology. Capacity and speed: The Varanasi Ropeway's capacity and speed requirements might not have necessitated the use of Pulley Enclosure technology. Supplier or manufacturer limitations : The supplier (Bartholet Maschinenbau AG) of the ropeway system not offered Pulley Enclosure technology. 17 9/24/2024

18. CASE STUDY 3: PROJECT OVERVIEW OF MEXICO ROPEWAY (MEXICABLE) Location: Ecatepec, Mexico City, Mexico Project Type: Urban Ropeway System Length: 4.8 km Stations: 7  Capacity : 3,000 passengers per hour per direction  Project Cost: $70 million  OBJECTIVE Reduce traffic congestion and travel time.  Improve air quality and reduce pollution. Enhance connectivity and accessibility.  Fig 6: Mexicable Stations     Promote sustainable transportation and urban development. Foster economic growth and social inclusion. 18 9/24/2024

19. CONCLUSION In summary, while both ropeways aim to improve urban transportation, the Bolivia Ropeway is a more extensive and complex system, with a longer route, higher capacity, and more advanced technology (Pulley Enclosure). In contrast, the Varanasi Ropeway is a smaller, standalone system with a shorter route and lower capacity. 19 9/24/2024

20. REFERENCE  "Cable Car Systems: A Review of the State of the Art" by the Transportation Research Board (TRB). "Cable Car Systems: An Overview" by the European Ropeway Association (ERA).  "Cable Car Systems: Design, Construction, and Operation" by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). "Cable Propelled Transit: A Comprehensive Review" by the International Association of Public Transport (UITP).  "Cable Propelled Transit: A Guide to Planning and Implementation" by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). "Ropeway Systems: A Review of the Current State of the Art" by the Journal of Transportation Engineering "Urban Cable Cars: A New Perspective on Public Transport" by the Journal of Transport Geography. "Urban Ropeways: A Guide to Planning and Implementation" by the World Bank. 20 9/24/2024

21. THANK YOU 21 9/24/2024