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1. Run-OnsRun-Ons

2. Run-Ons Run-Ons

Run-ons are 2 complete thoughts that are run Run-ons are 2 complete thoughts that are run
together with together with no sign no sign given to mark the break given to mark the break
between thembetween them
Key terms:Key terms:
Clause: a group of words having a subject and a
verb
She wanted to know whether she succeeded or
not.
Comma splice: a comma incorrectly used to
connect 2 complete thoughts
-I go to school, my brother stays home. (comma
splice)
-I go to school. My brother stays home. (correct)

3. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Fused sentenceFused sentence:: a run-on with no a run-on with no
punctuation to mark the break between punctuation to mark the break between
thoughtsthoughts
-I go to school my brother stays home.
- I go to school. My brother stays home.

4. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Dependent Clause:
a group of words that does not express a
complete thought- not able to stand alone
- When I was ten years old
Independent clause:Independent clause:
a group of words having a subject and a verb a group of words having a subject and a verb
that expresses a complete thought and that expresses a complete thought and is is
able to stand aloneable to stand alone
- He broke his hand.- He broke his hand.

5. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Warning: Words that Can Lead to Run-Ons
People often write run-ons when the
second complete thought begins with
on one of the following words:
I We There Now
You They This Then
He, she, it That Next
E.g. My cousin is an architect he studied at the
Lebanese university

6. Run-OnsRun-Ons
There are two types of run-ons:
1)Fused sentences: they have no punctuation to
mark the break between the 2 thoughts
-The bus stopped suddenly I found myself in
an old man’s lap.
2)Comma splices: when the comma alone is not
sufficient and a stronger mark is needed
between 2 thoughts
- We heard a noise in the garage, two birds had
flown in through the open window

7. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Three Ways to Correct Run-Ons:
1)Use a period and a capital letter to
separate sentences:
-We heard a noise in the garage two
birds had flown in through the open
window.
- We heard a noise in the garage. Two
birds had flown in through the open
window.

8. Run-OnsRun-Ons
2) Use a comma and a joining word (and,
but, for, or, nor, so, yet)
-The bus stopped suddenly I found
myself in an old man’s lap.
-The bus stopped suddenly, and I
found myself in an old man’s lap.

9. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Joining words:
And : in addition
But: however, on the other hand
For: because
So: as a result
Yet: but, on the other hand

10. Run-OnsRun-Ons
3) Use a semicolon (;) to connect the 2
complete thoughts: NO CAPITAL LETTER
-We heard a noise in the garage two birds
had flown in through the open window
-We heard a noise in the garage; two
birds had flown in through the open
window

11. Run-OnsRun-Ons
A Semicolon with a Transitional Word
A semicolon can be used with a
transitional word and a comma to join 2
complete thoughts
- People use seventeen muscles when they
smile; on the other hand, they use
forty-three muscles when they frown.

12. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Transitional WordsMeaning
However
Nevertheless
On the other hand
Instead
Meanwhile
Otherwise
Indeed
In addition
Also
But
However
However
As a substitute
In the intervening time
Under other conditions
In fact
Also, and
In addition

13. Run-OnsRun-Ons
Transitional WordsTransitional WordsMeaningMeaning
MoreoverMoreover
FurthermoreFurthermore
As a resultAs a result
ThusThus
ConsequentlyConsequently
ThereforeTherefore
In additionIn addition
In additionIn addition
Thus, thereforeThus, therefore
As a resultAs a result
As a resultAs a result
As a resultAs a result

14. Ways to correct run-ons:Ways to correct run-ons:
1)1)Using a period and a capital letterUsing a period and a capital letter
2)2)Using a comma and a joining wordUsing a comma and a joining word
3)3)Using a semicolon (alone or with a Using a semicolon (alone or with a
transitional word)transitional word)
4)4)SubordinationSubordination

15. A Note on SubordinationA Note on Subordination

Subordination is a way of showing that one Subordination is a way of showing that one
thought in a sentence is not as important as thought in a sentence is not as important as
another thoughtanother thought
In the following sentences, the In the following sentences, the subordinatesubordinate
thought is underlined:thought is underlined:
E.g. The library had just closed I couldn’t get any E.g. The library had just closed I couldn’t get any
of the reserved books.of the reserved books.
Because the library had just closedBecause the library had just closed, I couldn’t get , I couldn’t get
any of the reserved books.any of the reserved books.
The canoe touched bottom, Dave pushed the craft The canoe touched bottom, Dave pushed the craft
toward deeper water.toward deeper water.
When the canoe touched bottomWhen the canoe touched bottom, Dave pushed , Dave pushed
the craft toward deeper water.the craft toward deeper water.

16. A Review How to Check for Run-Ons
1.Read the sentence aloud and listen for a
break marking 2 complete thoughts. Your
voice will drop and pause at the break
2.To check an entire paper, read aloud from
the last sentence to the first
3.Be on the lookout for words that can lead
to run-ons (I, he, then, next, now, this…)
4.Use one of the four methods to correct
run-ons

17. ExamplesExamples
Many people have visited Italy they say it’s
an amazing country.
Roy has a unique style of dressing, he wore
a red suit with a pink tie for his friend’s
birthday.
There wasn’t a lot of food left over
everyone had plenty to eat.
I baked oatmeal cookies, they had raisins
in them, too.

18. 
I don’t want much for my birthday I I don’t want much for my birthday I
just want some books and dolls. just want some books and dolls.

We usually leave at 7:00, today is We usually leave at 7:00, today is
different since we are leaving at 6:30. different since we are leaving at 6:30.

The meeting was long it lasted until The meeting was long it lasted until
midnight. midnight.

Rita registered at NDU and attended Rita registered at NDU and attended
her first class. her first class.