Rural and Urban Development Programmes

Seema Dangi
MPUAT, Udaipur

1. Seminar on Rural and Urban Development Programmes (HECM-591) Submitted to- Prof Snehlata Maheshwari Submitted by- Seema Dangi ( M. Sc. Final)

2. INDIA has been a welfare state since independence and the primary objective of all government endeavors has been the welfare of its people. The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural poverty which has been one of the primary objectives of planned development in india . It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth or itself. Rural development implies both the economic betterment of people as well as greater social transformation. In order to provide the rural people with better prospects for economic development, increased participation of people in the rural development programmes , decentralization of planning, better enforcement of land reforms and greater access to credit are envisaged. Initially , main thrust for development was laid on agriculture, industry, communication, education, health and allied sectors but later on it was realized that accelerated development can be provided only if governmental efforts were adequately supplemented by direct and indirect involvement of people at the grassroot level.

3. Rural Self Employment Training Institute Mahila Kishan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana National social assistance programme Deen Dayal Upadhyaya - Grameen Kaushalya Yojana Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana National Rural Drinking Water Programme Swachh Bharat Abhiyan RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

4. Objectives- Rural BPL youth will be identified trained for self-employment. The trainings offered will be demand driven. Area in which training will be provided to the trainee will be decided after assessment the candidates aptitude. Hand holding support will be provided for assured credit linkage with banks. Escort services will be provided for at least for two years soon to ensure sustainability of micro enterprise trainees. The trainess will be provided intensive short term residential self-employment training programmes with free food and accommodation. 1 . Rural Self Employment Training Institute (Launched in 2008-09 in India)

5. The government has decided to set up one rural self-employment training institute in each district of the country. Each RSETI should offer 30 to 40 skill development programmes in a financial year in various avenues. Current status - Currently 583 RSETI are functioning in the country.

6. Objectives- To enhance the productive participation of women in agriculture. To create sustainable agricultural livelihood opportunities for women in agriculture. To improve the skills and capabilities of women in agriculture to support farm and non-farm-based activities. To ensure food and nutrition security at the household and the community level. To enable women to have better access to inputs and services of the government and other agencies. To enhance the managerial capacities of women in agriculture for better management of bio-diversity. 2. Mahila Kishan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (Launched in 2010)

7. The project aims at Improving the capacities of women in agriculture to access the resources of other institutions and schemes within a coverage of framework. Current status Under this pariyojana 119 districts, 1,067 blocks and more than 20,362 villages have been covered, with a total project outlay of Rs 822 Crore reaching out to more than 33.35 lakh Mahila Kisans .

8. Objective- The primary objective of the yojana is to provide connectivity by way of an all-weather road, to the reliable unconnected habitations as per core network with a population of 500 persons and above in plan areas. The PMGSY will permit the Upgradation (to prescribed standards) of the existing roads in those Districts where all the eligible Habitations of the designated population size have been provided all-weather road connectivity.  With a view to ensure full farm-to-market connectivity, the programme also provides for the upgradation of the exixting “Through Routes” and major rural links to prescribed standards, though it is not central to the programme. 3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Launched in December, 2000)

9. Current status Under PMGSY-II, the projects for upgradation of 11,234 km roads have been sanctioned against total target of 50,000km of such roads.

10. Objective- To reach out to and provide social security to vulnerable sections of society, particularly those living below the poverty line. NSAP is a social assistance programme for poor BPL households for the aged, widows, disable and also include provision for one time assistance in the case of death of the primary bread winner in a BPL family. NSAP scheme is 100% centrally sponsored scheme and administered by Ministry of Rural Development but beneficiaries can be from both, rural and urban areas. The scheme is implemented in the States/UTs through Panchayats and Municipalities. 3. National social assistance programme (The NSAP was launched on August 15, 1985)

11. Objectives: Make NIRDPR the nodal advisory institute for skilling and placement linked programs for rural youth in the country by 2020. Enhance the competencies of stakeholders and functionaries in the effective implementation of placement linked skills programs for the benefit of the rural youth in India. Be a knowledge repository of skilling initiatives and programs in the developing world. To be the leader in impact evaluation research of skilling programs. 5. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya - Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (This yojana was launched in 2014)

12. Current status As a result, the scheme will also benefit more than 55 million poor rural youth who are ready-to-be skilled in india , by providing sustainable employment.

13. Objectives: To trigger processes which lead to holistic development of the identified Gram Panchayats . To substantially improve the standard of living and quality of life of all sections of the population through – a.improved basic amenities b. higher productivity c. enhanced human development d . better livelihood opportunities e. reduced disparities f. access to rights and entitlements g. wider social mobilization h. enriched social capital 6. Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana ( Launched on 11th October, 2014)

14. To generate models of local level development and effective local governance which can motivate and inspire neighbouring Gram Panchayats to learn and adapt To nurture the identified Adarsh Grams as schools of local development to train other Gram Panchayats

15. Current Status Under this scheme, 661 Gram panchayats were identified by members of parliament till February 2015, each state has identified a State Nodal Officer to coordinate all the activities of the programme at the state level.

16. Objectives: 40 liters per capita per day ( lpcd ) of safe drinking water for human beings. 30 lpcd additional for cattle in the Desert Development Programme Areas. One hand-pump or stand post for every 250 persons. The water source should exist within the habitation / within 1.6 km in the plains and within 100 mtrs . elevation in the hilly areas. 7. National Rural Drinking Water Programme ( Launched  in April 2009)  

17. Current Status Only 26.9 million out of 167.8 million households (16%) in rural India have piped water, according to data provided by the ministry of drinking water and sanitation to the Rajya Sabha  on February 6, 2017. Of 1.7 million rural habitations provided drinking water under the National Rural Drinking Water Programme.

18. Objectives: To eradicate the system of open defecation in India. To convert the insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets. To remove the system of manual scavenging. To make people aware of healthy sanitation practices by bringing behavioral changes in people. To link people with the programmes of sanitation and public health in order to generate public awareness. To build up the urban local bodies strong in order to design, execute and operate all systems related to cleanliness. To completely start the scientific processing, disposals reuse and recycling the Municipal Solid Waste. 8. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ( launched on 2 October 2014)

19. Current status: The construction of individual household latrines under the government’s ambitious Swachh Bharat Abhiyan have recorded a growth of nearly 70 per cent in 2015-16, increasing to 97.73 lakh individual toilets. The numbers of new toilets for schools and anganwadi have, however, seen a sharp decline in 2015-16. According to the latest Swachhta Status Report 2016 by NSSO, 8,240 toilets were constructed in schools and 1,337 toilets in Anganwadi in 2015-16 as against 25,264 toilets in schools and 8,377 toilets in Anganwadi in 2014-15.

20. 1. Smart Cities 2. Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban 3. National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) 4. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) 5. National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

21. 1. Smart Cities (Launched on 25 June 2015)

22. Features of smart cities: Current status: Till December 2016, a total of 60 cities have been selected in this Mission covering a total of 9,152 Sq. Kms of urban area.

23. Objectives: Elimination of open defecation Eradication of Manual Scavenging Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management To effect behavioral change regarding healthy sanitation practices Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health Capacity Augmentation for ULB’s To create an enabling environment for private sector participation in Capex (capital expenditure) and Opex (operation and maintenance) 2. Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban (Launched on 2 nd  October 2014)

24. The Mission has the following components: Household toilets, including conversion of insanitary latrines into pour-flush latrines; Community toilets Public toilets Solid waste management IEC & Public Awareness Capacity building and Administrative & Office Expenses (A&OE ) Current status: Till December 2016, a total of Rs 1,628 crore has been released by the Centre to states under various components of the Mission; 31,179 wards have become Open Defecation Free (ODF). This has been made possible through the construction of 29.18 lakh individual household toilets and 1.10 lakh seats of community and public toilets seats.

25. Objective: The scheme aims to preserve and revitalize soul of the heritage city to reflect the city’s unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative & secured environment . The Scheme supports development of core heritage infrastructure projects which shall include revitalization of urban infrastructure for areas around heritage assets identified /approved by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India and State Governments. 3. National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana ( HRIDAY ) ( Launched on on 21st January, 2015)

26. Current status: With a duration of 27 months (completing in March 2017) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores , the Scheme is being implemented in 12 identified Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati , Amritsar, Badami , Dwarka , Gaya, Kanchipuram , Mathura, Puri , Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal. The scheme is implemented in a mission mode.

27. Objective- The main objective of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is housing that is affordable for all by the year 2022. It also intends to make it accessible to demographics that are specific such as economically challenged groups, women along people belonging to minorities such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The Government's other goal is directly in association with some of the most ignored demographics which include widows, lower income group members, transgender and henceforth provide them with sustainable and affordable housing scheme. Registration is mandatory to avail the benefits of this scheme which includes the strict beneficiary names to be mothers or wives. 4. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY) (This scheme was launched on 25 June,2015)

28. Main features- The scheme is mainly targeted at the urban poor in India. There will be no caste based discrimination while providing loans under this scheme. Facility will be available to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

29. Objective: The central objective of NULM is to reduce poverty among the urban poor through the promotion of diversified and gainful self-employment and wage employment opportunities, leading to increased income on a sustainable basis. 5. National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM ) ( Launched on 23rd September, 2013)

30. NULM adopt a five-pronged strategy: Enhancing and expanding existing livelihoods options of the urban poor; Building skills to enable access to growing market-based job opportunities offered by emerging urban economies; Training for and support to the establishment of microenterprises by the urban poor – self and group; Ensuring linkages to shelter, basic services and empowerment to promote sustainable approaches to poverty alleviation; Building capacity of the urban poor, their institutions and the machinery involved in the implementation of livelihoods development and poverty alleviation programmes .