Rural Sanitation.pptx

Rural sanitation

1. Improvement in Rural Sanitation

2. INTRODUCTION Sanitation  is the hygienic means of promoting  health  through prevention of human contact  with the hazards of wastes as well as the  treatment and proper disposal of  Sewage &  wastewater.  Hazards can be either physical, microbiological,  biological or chemical agents of disease. Continued…..

3. Individual Health and hygiene is largely dependent on adequate availability of drinking water and proper sanitation. There is, therefore, a direct relationship between water, sanitation and health. Improper disposal of human excreta, improper environmental sanitation and lack of personal and food hygiene have been major causes  of  many diseases in developing countries Like INDIA. It was in this context that the  Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP)  was launched in 1986 primarily with the objective of improving the quality of life of the rural people and also to provide privacy and  dignity to women.

4. CONCEPT OF SANITATION AND HYGIENE The concept of sanitation was earlier limited to disposal of  human excreta by open ditches, pit latrines, bucket  system etc.  The concept of sanitation was expanded to include personal  hygiene, home sanitation, safe water, garbage disposal, excreta  disposal and waste water  disposal etc. Today it connotes a comprehensive concept, which includes  liquid and solid waste disposal, food hygiene, personal, domestic as well as environmental  hygiene.

5. WHY SANITATION AND HYGIENE? 25 lakhs diarrhoea deaths globally & 6  lakhs in India alone. 60,000 roundworm,  65,000 hookworm  deaths.

6. WHY RURAL SANITATION ? The concept of sanitation broadly includes liquid and solid waste disposal, personal and food related hygiene and domestic as well as environmental hygiene. Most of the people still defecate in the open space, most of the villages lack waste disposal and drainage systems and many in the villages are ignorant about the consequences of poor sanitation and unhygienic conditions. As a result, many people suffer and even die of diseases caused by unhealthy practices of personal and environmental hygiene.

7. IMPACTS OF POOR SANITATION Sanitation and Health: Open defecation plays a primary role in polluting water sources (both under and over ground) exposing communities  dependent on these  sources to several health hazards. It is also responsible for spread of air and vectors  borne disease. Sanitation and Women: Practice of open defecation exposes women to risks of  sexual assault. Women often wait for darkness to descend before venturing out to  relieve themselves. Holding in for long periods causes diseases and adversely  impacts health. Sanitation and Education: Girls are reluctant to attend school, and parents are  disinclined to send them, if there are no safe, private toilets for them. Many girls are forced to miss class during their menstrual cycle. Sanitation and Productivity: The economic deprivation of the urban poor increases  manifold when healthcare expenses and the cost of lost potential due to sickness  arising from inadequate sanitation is added.

8. VISION OF GOVT. OF INDIA ALL INDIAN CITIES BECAME TOTALLY SANITISED, HEALTHY & LIVEABLE AND ENSURE GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES FOR ALL THEIR CITIZENS WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON HYGENIC AND AFFORDABLE SANITATION FACILITIES FOR POOR

9. MEASURES TO IMPROVE SANITATION IN RURAL AREAS The Environmental Hygiene Committee, 1948 R ecommended that 90 percent of the country’s population should be covered with water supply and sanitation facilities within a period of forty years for which the national programme was to be initiated. Introduction of sanitation programme in the health sector, 1954 Continued…..

10. N ational W ater S upply and Sanitation P rogramme The Government launched the programme as part of the First Five Year Plan (1951-56). The first five-year plan had a provision of Rs. 6 crores for rural water supply and sanitation programmes. It was envisaged that 25 percent of rural population would be provided with sanitation facilities by the end of the seventh five year plan period . T ransfer of Rural Sanitation Programme to the Department of Rural Development from the ministry of urban development, 1985 Continued…..

11. P rogramme to construct one million sanitary latrines in houses of SC/ST, 1986 Programme was launched under Indira Awaas Yojana and to provide 2,50,000 additional latrines to health centres, schools, Panchayat Ghars and Anganwadis under NREP (Nat. Rural Employment Prog.) and RLEGP (Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Prog). Rural sanitation was included under the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) in 1987.

12. CENTRAL RURAL SANITATION PROGRAMME (CRSP) A centrally sponsored Rural Sanitation Programme, launched in 1986. The CRSP is implemented in different states and union territories for improving sanitation facilities through construction of sanitary latrines for individual households. The programme provided 100% percent subsidy for construction of latrines for SCs/STs and landless labourers and subsidy as per the rates prevailing in the states for the general public. Continued…..

13. CRSP- OBJECTIVES To improve the quality of life of the rural people and provide privacy and dignity to women. T o provide sanitary latrines to the SCs/STs, landless labourers and people living below poverty line. To provide clean, healthy and environmentally acceptable disposal of excreta with a view to create good sanitation and consequent improved health standards. Continued…..

14. REVISIONS IN CRSP The criteria and norms under CRSP were modified in February 1991 and the guidelines were revised again in June 1993. The purpose of revision was to make the programme more holistic to give emphasis on Information, Education and Communication activities, to involve voluntary organisations in a bigger way. The concept of “Sanitary Mart” was also introduced. The subsidy pattern has been changed limiting to 80% for persons below the poverty line for individual household latrines. The unit cost of construction is to be limited to Rs. 2,500 of which 80% could be paid as subsidy to the selected beneficiaries below the poverty line. Another salient feature is to develop at least one model village covering facilities like sanitary latrines, conversion of dry latrines garbage pits, soakage pits, drainage, pavement of lanes, sanitary latrines in village institutions, cleanliness in ponds, tanks, clean surrounding around hand pumps and other drinking water- sources.

15. TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN (TSC) Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) was launched after restructuring Central Rural Sanitation Programme and initiated on 1st April 1999 under sector reform process and is operational in 451 districts. Continued…..

16. TSC- COMPONENTS Construction of household latrines. Construction of sanitary complex for women. Toilets for schools. Toilets for Balwadi /Anganwadi etc. F unds are being provided for Start-Up Activities, Information, Education and Communication and Administrative Charges. Continued…..

17. TSC- OBJECTIVES Bring about an improvement in the quality of life in rural areas Accelerate sanitation coverage Generate demand through awareness and health education Cover all schools and anganwadis in rural areas with sanitation facilities and promote hygiene behaviour among students and teachers Encourage cost effective and appropriate technology development and application Endeavour to reduce water and sanitation related diseases. Continued…..

18. TSC- FEATURES Greater household involvement and participation. Technology options as per choice of beneficiary households. Stress on Information, Education and Communication ( lEC ) as part of the campaign. Emphasis on school sanitation, women sanitary complexes. Integrating with various rural development programmes. Involvement of NGOs and local groups. Promoting access to institutional finance and social marketing concept.

19. NIRMAL GRAM PURUSKAR 2003 – Nirmal Gram Puruskar , reward for 100% sanitation. In October 2003, elected local representatives of Gram Panchayats were involved to promote collective community action through sanitation. Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) was instituted for this purpose. NGP awards were given to districts, blocks, and Gram Panchayats that have achieved 100 per cent sanitation coverage of individual households, 100 per cent school sanitation coverage and free from open defecation and clean environment. In this, an amount ranging from 50,000 to 5,00,000 is given. On 24 February, 2005, former President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam gave away NGP awards 40 Gram Panchayats from six States for open defecation free status. Continued…..

20. NBA- INCENTIVE

21. NIRMAL BHARAT ABHIYAN Total Sanitation Campaign closed in 2012 after striving for 13 years in achieving universal rural sanitation coverage. 2012 – Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, community led and people centred approach; IEC; solid and liquid waste management. This programme emphasized on a new approach of awareness by linking it with the current sponsored schemes of GoI . NBA programme has been initiated with a clear cut strategy to make grassroots institutions as focal points and integrate planning and implementation of sanitation. To create awareness, Brand Ambassadors are identified to undertake nation wide campaigns on water, sanitation and hygiene issues Continued…..

22. VISION OF NBA Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram Panchayats in the country attaining Nirmal status. Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education. To cover the remaining schools not covered under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Anganwadi Centres in the rural areas with proper sanitation facilities and undertake proactive promotion of hygiene education and sanitary habits among students. Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management for overall cleanliness in the rural areas

23. SWACHH BHARAT MISSION Swachh Bharat Abhiyan abbreviated as SBA or SBM, is a national campaign by the Government of India, covering 4,041 statutory cities and towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event. SBM aims to eradicate open defecation by 2019, thus restructuring the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, , by constructing 12 crores toilets in rural India, at a projected cost of 1.96 lakh crore. Continued…..

24. The programme has also received funding and technical support from the World Bank, corporations as part of corporate social responsibility initiatives, and by state governments under the  Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and  Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan schemes. An amount of 90 billion was allocated for the mission in 2016 Union budget of India. Government and the World Bank signed a US$1.5 billion loan agreement on 30 March 2016 for the Swachh Bharat Mission to support India's universal sanitation initiative. " Swachch Bharat Swachch Vidhalaya " campaign was launched by Smriti Irani,  Minister of Human Resource Development.