S.R. Ranganathan:Three Planes of Work.

Ranganathan suggested that information is created in three steps (each in a separate location or plane). An initial idea occurs in someone’s mind (the idea plane); then it is described or discussed in words (the verbal plane); and finally it is written down (the notation plane).

1. Planes of work Lis02: Knowledge organization: Classification and ontology Presented by Nijwm Basumatary M2015MLIS009 Nishant Kashyap Ghatowar M2015MLIS010 Thang Sign Paumungmang Simte M2015MLIS015

2. contents Introduction Idea Plane Importance of Ideal Plane Verbal Plane Verbal Planes : Problems and Solutions Notational Plane Advantages of Separation of planes of work Interrelationship of the three planes Practical Classification Conclusion

3. Introduction The development of the three planes of work came up when their arose a separation of the work in the classification . The three planes of works are assigned their own roles. The three planes of work are the Ideal plane Verbal Plane Notational Plane.

4. Ideal Plane Ideas comes from mind and mind in Sanskrit means “ to think “. As such Ideas come when their is self-communication with the mind . Ranganathan and Gopinath (1967) said, “The destiny of any idea created by one mind is the minds of the others.” An idea is just a thought but when it fuses with mind it gets modified. Ideas are transferred through the medium of language.

5. Definition Ideas in general term is basically thought or collection of thoughts that generate in the mind . The development of idea don't have a specific root. Ideas are sometimes developed intentionally, but can also be created unintentionally. Ideas are formed through judgement, discussions . An idea is an impression or notion that tries to portray the overarching scope or outline.

6. Importance of Ideal Plane Some of the importance of the Ideal Plane are as follows:- 1. Ability to arrange new concepts/subjects in chain for some unknown isolates/classes. 2. Controls the work in the notational plane and the verbal plane. 3. Recognises and determines the numbers of emerging and unknown subjects and places it in order among the already existing subjects.

7. Importance of Ideal Plane 4. Ideal Plane is pre-eminent it does not manifest itself directly. 5. Analyses and atomises unlimited ideas. 6. Identifies data entities about which attribute data are to be collected for use. 7. It is the theoretic basis for the foundation of knowledge organisation and the classification system . 8. Determines the purpose and structure of the classification system.

8. Verbal plane: an introduction Verbal plane is the 2nd step in any classification process Its work is to express ideas in words or terms It is naming of ideas in order to facilitates communication It is individualisation of thought-content.

9. Verbal plane: its terminology Berwick Sayer's canons considered terminology as classification expressed in class names or terms S.R Ranganathan defined terminology as the system of terms used to name classes or ranked isolates in a scheme of classification Terms should be unambiguous, technical, popular, distinctive and consistent

10. Verbal plane: problems Vagueness in meaning of ordinary words-change of tones and gestures Homonyms- two words having the same term but different meanings Synonyms- two words having different terms but same meaning

11. Verbal plane : solutions Dr. Ranganathan's 4 canons of terminology: -canon of context-chain -canon of enumeration-lower link -canon of currency-popular or alive -canon of reticence-reserve

12. Notational- Definition Finally, about notation, Ranganathan and Gopinath (1967) said, “[W] ords are often replaced by symbols pregnant with precise meaning. [O] rdinal numbers are [often] used as helpful symbols. A distinctive contribution of the discipline of classification, as found and as being cultivated in the field of Library Science, is the Notational Plane. Uniqueness of the idea represented by an ordinal number and the total absence of homonyms and synonyms are the distinctive features of the notational plane, when compared with the verbal plane.”

13. Features of Notational Plane Words are replaced by symbols. These symbols have precise meanings. This artificial language of ordinal digits are helpful in arranging documents and resources. In classificatory language, an idea is represented by an ordinal digit(s). There are no homonyms and synonyms. Notational plane is a plane of numbers, where concepts are represented by numbers. The main concern at the notational plane is to develop a set of ordinal digits and the rules for their usage.

14. Advantages of separation of work The role of each plane is well defined. Conscious separation of work in the three planes allows for the fuller development of these planes.

15. Practical Classification Eight steps have been suggested by Ranganathan to carry out the translation of name of a subject into artificial language of ordinal digits. These are the steps prescribed for practical classification. These have been separated according to the three planes, as given below: Idea plane: Step 0 Raw: Step 1 Expressive title; Step 2 Title in kernal terms; Step 3 Analyzed title Step 4 Transformed title Verbal plane: Step 5 Title in standard terms Notational plane: Step 6 Title in focal numbers; Step 7 Class number

16. Interrelationship of Three Planes of Work Idea Plane = Class (Generation of Groups) Verbal Plane = Subjects (Assigning Names) Notational Plane = Class Number (Assigning Numbers to Class of Subjects) The relation between three planes can be given as: Class = Subject = Class Number

17. C onclusion The effectiveness of any classification schemes depends upon the level of unison among the three planes. The chances of classifying the universe of knowledge is limitless when the three planes are exploited at their optimal level.

18. references Ranganathan , S. R. & Gopinath , M. A. (1967). Prolegomena to Library Classification (Vol. 1) (Third Edition). Bombay, India; Asia Publishing House. PROCESS OF DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION IN DIFFERENT PLANES OF WORK. ( n.d. ). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from http:// pramod.singh.tripod.com/classification.planes.htm Associates.ucr.edu,. 'Column - Exner '. N.p ., 2015. Web. 29 Sept. 2015 . Ranganathan , S. R. & Gopinath , M. A. (1967). Prolegomena to Library Classification (Vol. 1) (Third Edition). Bombay, India; Asia Publishing House. Hussain , S. (1993). Library classification, facets and analysis . McGraw-Hill. PROCESS OF DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION IN DIFFERENT PLANES OF WORK. ( n.d. ). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from http://pramod.singh.tripod.com/classification.planes.htm Ranganathan , S. (1951). Philosophy of Library Classification . Indian Library Association. Taylor, M. S. (1939). Handbook of Classification and Cataloging . George Allen  Unwin .