SA Week6 Module26 Swayam Course.pptx.pdf

SA Week6 Module26 Swayam Course

1. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND ICT

Lecture: 26
BY
Dr. Sarita Anand
Department of Education
Vinaya Bhavana (Institute of Education)
Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan
West-Bengal, India
Module 26: CC Licenses

2. OER
The 5 Rs of OER
Development of OERs in India
Types of OERs
Examples of OERs from India and abroad
OER Commons
CC License concept

3. Creative Commons Licenses
Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization that provides free, standardized licenses for creators to share
their work with the public while retaining certain rights. These licenses are designed to bridge the gap between full
copyright protection and the public domain, offering a flexible way for creators to grant permissions for the use of
their work. CC licenses are widely used for a variety of creative works, including literature, music, photography,
software, and educational materials.
Concept:
The core idea behind Creative Commons licensing is to enable creators to communicate which
rights they reserve and which rights they waive for the benefit of others. Unlike traditional
copyright, which automatically restricts all rights, CC licenses allow creators to specify how
their work can be used, shared, and adapted. This approach gives emphasis on a culture of
sharing, collaboration, and innovation.

4. Major principles of CC licenses include:

5. Creative Commons was founded in 2001 by Lawrence Lessig, Hal Abelson, and Eric Eldred, with the goal of addressing the
limitations of traditional copyright in the digital age. The first set of CC licenses was released in 2002, and since then, the
organization has evolved to meet the needs of a global community. Major milestones in the evolution of CC licensing
include:
Evolution of Creative Commons Licensing

6. Types of Creative Commons Licenses:
In previous lecture on OERs we had discussed about Creative Common Licenses with help of this image-
https://library.taylor.edu/copyright/cc-licenses

7. Now we will discuss these licenses one by one in detail-
(taken from https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/)
There are six +1 different license types, listed from most to least permissive here:
1.CC BY
This license enables re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the
material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the
creator. The license allows for commercial use. CC BY includes the following
elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.

8. 2. CC BY-SA
This license enables re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long
as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the
material, you must license the modified material under identical terms. CC BY-SA includes the following elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.
SA: Adaptations must be shared under the same terms.
3. CC BY-NC
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any
medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given
to the creator. CC BY-NC includes the following elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.
NC: Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted.

9. 4. CC BY-NC-SA
This license enables re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for
noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the
material, you must license the modified material under identical terms. CC BY-NC-SA includes the following elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.

NC: Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted.
SA: Adaptations must be shared under the same terms.
5. CC BY-ND
This license enables reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in
unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for
commercial use. CC BY-ND includes the following elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.
ND: No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted.

10. 6. CC BY-NC-ND
This license enables reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for
non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. CC BY-NC-ND includes the following
elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.
NC: Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted.
ND: No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted.
The CC0 (Creative Commons Zero) or Public Domain Dedication
In addition to the six main licenses, CC0 allows creators to waive all their
rights and place their work in the public domain.
In other words, CC0 (aka CC Zero) is a public dedication tool, which enables
creators to give up their copyright and put their works into the worldwide public
domain. CC0 enables re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material
in any medium or format, with no conditions. This means the work can be used freely
for any purpose without attribution or restrictions.

11. CC-licensing your work is simple. All you have to do is choose the CC license that suits your needs and then
communicate this choice in a way that will be clear to people who come across your work. As part of this
communication, you should include a link to the license you’ve chosen.
How to apply a CC license or CC0 to your work
Relationship Between OERs and Creative Commons (CC) Licensing
Open Educational Resources (OERs) have transformed the scenario of education by promoting access
to high-quality learning materials that are freely available for use, modification, and redistribution.
These resources play a crucial role in reducing educational costs and enhancing learning experiences.
The effectiveness and widespread adoption of OERs are largely dependent on the licensing
framework that governs their use and the most prominent licensing systems facilitating the
open distribution of educational content is this Creative Commons (CC) licensing.

12. Choosing a license
The six licenses and the public domain dedication tool give creators a range of options. The best way to decide which is
appropriate for you is to think about why you want to share your work, and how you hope others will use that work.
Before licensing
Before you apply a CC license or CC0 to your work, there are some important things to consider:
The licenses and CC0 cannot be revoked. This means once you apply a CC license to your material,
anyone who receives it may rely on that license for as long as the material is protected by copyright, even if
you later stop distributing it.
You must own or control copyright in the work. Only the copyright holder or someone with
express permission from the copyright holder can apply a CC license or CC0 to a copyrighted
work. If you created a work in the scope of your job, you may not be the holder of the copyright.

13. As we have already studied about OERs that these are
teaching, learning, and research materials available in the
public domain or under an open license, which permits their
free use and adaptation (UNESCO, 2019). These resources
encompass textbooks, curricula, lecture notes, assignments,
tests, projects, and multimedia content. We have also studied
in previous lectures that there are five Rs define the core
principles of OERs: Retain, Reuse, Revise, Remix, and
Redistribute (Wiley, 2014).
These 5R principles ensure that users can legally and freely
engage with the materials without the constraints of traditional
copyright laws. However, the effectiveness of OERs in
promoting open education relies heavily on the licensing
mechanisms that regulate their usage.

14. The Role of CC Licensing in OERs:
CC licensing serves as the legal foundation of OERs, ensuring that educational materials remain freely available while
safeguarding intellectual property rights. The relationship between OERs and CC licensing can be understood in the
following ways:
1.Promoting Open Access and Affordability – CC licensing removes financial barriers by allowing
unrestricted use of educational materials. This fosters inclusivity by providing free learning opportunities to
students and educators worldwide (Bliss & Smith, 2017).
2.Encouraging Collaboration and Innovation – The adaptability of OERs under CC licenses
enables educators to customize content to fit specific learning needs. This promotes academic
collaboration, innovation, and the continuous improvement of educational materials
(Hodgkinson-Williams & Arinto, 2017).

15. 3.Ensuring Legal Clarity and Compliance – Traditional copyright laws restrict content modification and
distribution. CC licenses provide clear guidelines for legally sharing and modifying OERs, reducing the risk of
copyright infringement (UNESCO, 2019).
4.Enhancing Global Knowledge Sharing – OERs licensed under CC facilitate cross-border knowledge
exchange, allowing educational institutions to share curricula and resources. This enhances the quality of education,
particularly in developing regions with limited access to traditional learning materials (De los Arcos et al., 2016).
Thus, the relationship between OERs and CC licensing is fundamental to the advancement
of open education. CC licenses provide the legal framework that enables the free distribution,
adaptation, and sharing of OERs, ensuring accessibility, affordability, and collaborative
knowledge creation. While challenges such as license misunderstandings and sustainability
persist, the continued promotion of CC-licensed OERs holds great potential for revolutionizing
global education.

16. Applications of Creative Commons Licensing
CC licenses are used in various fields including:
∙Education: Open educational resources (OER) often use CC licenses to promote free access to learning materials.
∙Art and Culture: Musicians, photographers, and artists use CC licenses to share their work while
retaining some control.
∙Science and Research: Researchers use CC licenses to share data, articles, and findings openly.
∙Software and Technology: Open-source projects often use CC licenses to encourage
collaboration and innovation.

17. Advantages of Creative Commons Licensing
1.Flexibility: Creators can choose how their work is used and shared.
2.Promotes Sharing: Encourages a culture of collaboration and innovation.
3.Global Reach: CC licenses are recognized and used worldwide.
4.Simplifies Legal Processes: Provides clear, standardized terms for sharing creative works.

18. Challenges of OERs with CC licensing
1.License Misunderstanding – Educators and content creators may struggle to comprehend the different
CC licenses, leading to incorrect application or use of materials (Atenas & Havemann, 2014).
2.Sustainability Concerns – Since OERs are freely available, funding and long-term sustainability remain
critical concerns for developers and institutions.
3.Quality Assurance – The open nature of OERs with CC licenses raises questions about content
credibility and accuracy. Effective quality control mechanisms must be established to ensure high
educational standards (Wiley, 2014).
4.Enforcement Issues: Ensuring compliance with license terms can be challenging.
5.Commercial Use Restrictions: NonCommercial licenses can limit the
potential reach of a work.
Let’s visit the website-https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/

19. Creative Commons licensing has transformed the way creative works
are shared and used in the digital age. Through providing a flexible and
standardized framework, CC licenses empower creators to share their
work while maintaining control over its use. As the world continues to
embrace open access and collaboration, CC licensing will remain a vital
tool for nurturing creativity and innovation.

20. Atenas, J., & Havemann, L. (2014). Open educational resources: Building a culture of sharing. European Journal of Open,
Distance and E-Learning, 17(2), 1-11.
Bliss, T. J., & Smith, M. (2017). A brief history of open educational resources. In R. S. Jhangiani & R. Biswas-Diener
(Eds.), Open: The philosophy and practices that are revolutionizing education and science (pp. 9-27). Ubiquity Press.
Creative Commons. (2021). About CC licenses. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
Creative Commons. (n.d.). CC0 - No rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons. (n.d.). History of Creative Commons. https://creativecommons.org/about/history/
De los Arcos, B., Farrow, R., Pitt, R., Weller, M., & McAndrew, P. (2016). OER research hub: Global OER impact study. Journal
of Interactive Media in Education, 2016(1), 1-11.
Hodgkinson-Williams, C., & Arinto, P. B. (Eds.). (2017). Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South. African Minds.
Lessig, L. (2004). Free culture: How big media uses technology and the law to lock down culture and control creativity. Penguin
Press.
UNESCO. (2019). Open educational resources (OER) and Creative Commons
licenses. https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer
Wiley, D. (2014). The access compromise and the 5th R. Iterating Toward Openness. https://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221